Chapter 5: Ions and
Ionic Compounds
Warm-Up (09/29/14)
Which 2 groups on the periodic
table are the MOST reactive?
Which group on the periodic table
is NOT reactive?
What was the “magic number” of
valence electrons that most atoms
want?
The Golden Number: 8
 Noble gases are “happy.”
In science terms, this
means they are
_________________.
 OCTET RULE –
tendency to have either
empty valence shells or
full valence shells of 8
electrons
Alkali Metals & The Octet Rule
How would alkali metals
follow the octet rule?
Draw the Bohr diagram for
Sodium (Na) in your notes.
What does it “want”?
Alkali Metals & The Octet Rule


 Remember, all alkali metals have ___
valence electron
 This makes them very reactive
Halogens & The Octet Rule
 How would halogens follow the octet
rule?
 Draw the Bohr diagram for Flourine in
your notes.
 What does it “want”?
Halogens & The Octet Rule

 How many protons and electrons are in
each atom/ion?
 Remember, ALL Halogens (Group 17)
have ___ valence electrons
 This makes them very reactive.

Atoms Gain or Lose Electrons to
form Stable Ions
 Ions – an atom that has gained or
lose one or more electrons
 Ions are written with a + or –
superscript
 Ex. Na+ or F –
Warm-Up (09/30/14)
How do alkali metals form (Group
1) stable ions? What is the charge
of the ion?
How do halogens (Group 17) form
stable ions? What is the charge of
the ion?

Atoms Gain or Lose Electrons to
form Stable Ions
 Ions with a positive charge
are called cations.
 Formed when electrons
are lost/removed.
 Which group(s) are most

likely to form cations?
Atoms Gain or lose Electrons to
form Stable Ions
 Ions with a negative
charge are called
anions.

 Formed when
 Which group(s) electrons are
are most likely ____________.
to form anions?
Class Practice – Predicting Ions
Predict how Beryllium (Be) will
form their ions and write the ion
it forms.
Ex. Na loses an electron to form
the ion
+
Na
Class Practice – Predicting Ions
 Predict how Beryllium (Be) will form their ions and write
the ion it forms.
1. How many valence electrons
does it have?
2. Will it want to gain or lose
electrons to form an octet?
3. How many will it gain or lose?
4. Determine the overall charge.
Class Practice – Predicting Ions
Predict which ions will form from
the following elements:
Rubidium (Rb)
Oxygen (O)
Nitrogen (N)
Transition Metals also form
Stable Ions (p.165)
Notice they all form CATIONS
Ions are different than their atoms
 Sodium Atom
 Sodium and
Chlorine Ions
(Na+) & (Cl-)
 Chlorine Atom
“Where are these electrons
coming from?” –Ionic Bonding
 Remember sodium forms a cation (Na+) by
losing/removing an electron
 And chlorine can gain an electron to form the
anion Cl –
 The positive and negative charges attract
and creates an ionic bond  Sodium
Chloride (NaCl)
Ionic Bonding  Salt
 Salt – ionic compound formed
from a cation and an anion
Salts form crystal lattice
structures
Salt crystals
are arranged in
repeating units
to form a
crystal lattice
Mega- Exit Slip [Answers only]
1. Metals usually form what kind of ions?
(Cation/Anion)
2. What is the overall charge of any salt?
3. Predict how sulfur (S) will form an ion and
write the ion formed.
4. What forces hold an ionic bond together?
5. List 2 elements that would probably form
an ionic bond (not NaCl).
Warm-Up (10/1/14)
What two things are an
ionic compound made of?
What is the stable ion that
is formed by Bromine? (put
the charge on the ion)
Ionic Bonding  Salt
 Salt – ionic compound formed
from a cation and an anion
Salts form crystal lattice
structures
Salt crystals
are arranged in
repeating units
to form a
crystal lattice
Ionic Compounds
 Usually formed between a metal and a
nonmetal
 A metal ion usually has a ________
charge.
 A nonmetal ion usually has a _________
charge.
 Where are most of the metals located on
the periodic table? Nonmetals?
Warm-Up (10/2/14)
What is the overall charge of
an ionic compound?
Metals tend to form
________ while nonmetals
tend to form ___________.
Ionic Puzzle Lab
 Complete ionic
compound
puzzles by
finding
classmates
 Some puzzles
may require
more than two
pieces
Ion
Symbols
How
many?
Na +1
1
Cl -1
1
Ionic
compoun
d formula
NaCl
Ionic
compoun
d name
Sodium
chloride
Tips & Tricks
 Look for people with the same ion; this will
help you form more ionic compounds
 There are 5 different cations and 5
different anions – FIND THEM ALL!
 White pieces are cations, GREEN are
anions. Find the opposite charges!!