Dr. E.J. Zita (with Dr. Arun Chandra)
The Evergreen St. College

• Adrian’s deal with the devil
• Some names and relationships
• Adrian is denied love
• Women in Faust
• Adrian’s collapse and Fascism’s rise
• Music in Mann’s Faustus
• Durer’s magic square and Schoenberg’s 12-tone rows
• Other themes
• Looking ahead

Dante's invocation of the Muses at the beginning of his account of his descent into Hell, guided by the soul of the poet Virgil.
The day was now departing; the dark air released the living beings of the earth from work and weariness; and I myself alone prepared to undergo the battle both of the journeying and of the pity, which memory, mistaking not, shall show.
O Muses, O high genius, help me now;
O memory that set down what I saw, here shall your excellence reveal itself!
Courtesy of Thad Curtzt

• Adrian’s deal with the Devil – or was it just
• Syphilitic hallucinations?
• Classical Faustian deal: 24 years of power in exchange for one’s soul (then fiery death)
• b. 1885, d. 1950
• Adrian counts the deal starting with Esmeralda, not meeting the Devil: productive from age 21-45.
• 1906 encounter with Esmeralda (age 21 + 24 = age
45
 his breakdown)
• 1912 encounter with Satan? in Palestrina (age 27 +
24 = 51
 persistive vegetative state)
• Adrian lived until age 55, but WITHOUT LOVE

• Adrian Leverkühn (“living boldly”)
• Serenus Zeitblom (“serene blooming of the age”; father is
Wohlgemut, “merry”), childhood friend, the only friend Adrian calls “du” (until Rudi, later…), more like family than beloved; devoted to A, with unrequited love
• Rudi Schwerdtfeger (“swordsmith”), brilliant violinist, flirt; close (platonic homoerotic?) friendship with Adrian; they call each other “du” after their Hungarian vacation
• Marie Godeau: sensible, talented, black-eyed beauty, beloved of A and R. She rejects A, and R is killed before he can join her.
• Nepomuk (Nepo; “Echo”): Adrian’s heavenly nephew, tragically died young after two months with A.

• Elspeth Leverkühn : sensible, beautiful farmwife with melodic voice, very dark hair when young (A’s mother, in Kaisersachern)
• Marie Godeau: sensible, talented dark-eyed beauty, with Elspeth’s voice
(whom A would have married)
• Frau Schweigestill (“peace and quiet”): sensible, devoted farmwife at
Pfeiffering near Waldshut (“forest keep”) (second home, second mother)
• Esmeralda: A’s first (and only?) sexual experience, from which he contracted syphilus.
• Madame de Tolna: secret admirer, rich Hungarian widow and patroness, whom A never meets? Some suggest she is Esmeralda.
• Little Mermaid: Adrian empathizes with her pain, and imagines that she
(as Esmeralda?) is the mother of their child, Echo (his nephew)
• Jeannette Scheurl: sensible, intelligent author and novelist, she is present at many key scenes, and later helps A work 17 th C music into his compositions. No hint of romance. What is her role?
• Rodde sisters, Inez and Clarice: pathetic characters, representing (as do many of the men in the salons) weaknesses of German bourgeoisie and fascists

• Devil (or hallucination plus A’s sardonic nature) tells Adrian that part of his Faustian deal (of brilliant productivity for limited time) is that he will be denied love.
• First love: Esmeralda , the “nut-brown lass” or hetera (concubine).
Smitten, A embraces her (once) despite her warning, and later incorporates her initials into his compositions: H(B)-E-A-A-Es(E-flat).
• Rudi : their close friendship deepen, Rudi warms A’s cold heart so that he becomes capable of love. This shatters when A falls for Marie and asks R to approach her for him: R is hurt, jealous (of both?), and wants
M for himself.
• Marie , the only woman A has loved since E, rejects him (and arranges to meet R in Paris).
• Rudi is killed by rejected Inez. Adrian loses his most beloved friend.
• Beautiful little Nepo / Echo appears on A’s doorstep. Despite himself, A warms to him. Nepo soon dies horribly. A blames his cursed love for killing N.
• What about Serenus and the circle of devoted women who cared for A?

Adrian b.1885, d. 1940
1906 Esmeralda (age 21) “wed
Satan”
A will not fight in WWI (CH.XXX)
Until age 45 (1930) Productive but increasingly unstable.
(Kridwiss (“bankrupt knowledge” salon rises in Munich – nationalists)
1929: A writes Lament as Hitler rises
1930: A’s physical and mental collapse at Schweigestill
1930-1940: worsening vegetative state
1940: death in mother’s home at
Kaisersachern
Hitler b. 1889 (Austria), d. 1945
WWI vet, Nazi leader 1921
1923 imprisoned after failed coup
Popularity grows – martyr – Mein
Kampf
Released from prison 1928
Chancellor 1933 (president)
Austrian Anschluss 1938 violates
WW I treaty
Polish invasion 1939

WW II
(over 6 million Jews ... murdered)
Conquered much of Europe til 1942
1942-1945: Germany loses again

Some music in Faustus may be related to real pieces:
Apocalypse : Franz Schmidt 's Das Buch mit sieben Siegeln , performed 1938 (shortly after the Anschluss)
The Lamentation of Dr Faustus : Ernst Krenek 's Lamentatio
Jeremiae prophetae , an oratorio of 1941-1942 (using
Schonberg’s 12-tone style))

Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse St John the Martyr http://www.conncoll.edu/visual/Durer-prints/

http://faculty.matcmadison.edu/mbertrand/ mab/eureka/images/MagicSquare.gif
http://www.kickylittlething.com/images/magic%20square.jpg

• Germany and nationalism; Jews and internationalism
• Protestant reformation as a source of ethical, spiritual and artistic crises confronting early 20th century creativity
• Appearances of or allusions to Satan or Mephistopheles:
Porter (pimp), visitor in Palestrina, Saul Fitelberg?, characters in salons?
• Humanism & theology
• Aesthetics & art
• Music & politics; Music as metaphor: people singing along but not together; harmony, polyphony, or dissonance; …
• A’s (and father’s) waxing and waning migraines; childhood and adult measles, meningitis, and other afflictions in other characters – metaphors, meanings?
• Zeitblom as Mann’s proxy (“if I were a novelist….”)

Mann 1938: "I must regretfully own that in my younger years I shared that dangerous German habit of thought which regards life and intellect, art and politics as totally separate worlds."

Zita’s Seminar
:
Arun’s Seminar
:
SignupSheets:
Your Essays due on Saturday
(Two responses the week after your essay)

• Doctor Faustus, by Thomas Mann
• Notes from Thad Curtzt
• Conversations with Arun
• Google and Wikipedia (I hate to admit it)
• German dictionary