Networking the Physical World
David E. Culler
University of California, Berkeley
Intel Research Berkeley
http://webs.cs.berkeley.edu
supported by DARPA NEST program, NSF, Intel,
CITRIS and California MICRO.
log (people per computer)
New Class of Computing
Number Crunching
Data Storage
Mainframe
Minicomputer
productivity
interactive
Workstation
PC
Laptop
PDA
year
2/18/03
IDF Panel
streaming
information
to/from physical
world
CMOS Trends: miniaturization
and more
Itanium2 (241M )
nearly a thousand 8086’s
would fit in a modern
microprocessor
Actuation
Sensing
Communication
I SDQ SD
PLL baseband
filters
mixer
LNA
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Processing &
Storage
Example uses
• Monitoring Environments
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habitat monitoring, conservation biology, ...
Precision agriculture, land conservation, ...
built environment comfort & efficiency ...
alarms, security, surveillance, treaty verification ...
• Monitoring Structures and Things
– condition-based maintenance
– disaster management
– urban terrain mapping & monitoring
• Interactive Environments
– context aware computing, non-verbal communication
– handicap assistance
» home/elder care
» asset tracking
• Integrated robotics
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IDF Panel
CENS.ucla.edu
System Challenges
Monitoring & Managing Spaces and Things
applications
data
mgmt
service
network
system
architecture
Comm.
MEMS
sensing
Store
Proc
uRobots
actuate
technology
Miniature, low-power connections to the physical world
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IDF Panel
Power
Open Experimental Platform to
Catalyze a Community
Services
Networking
TinyOS
WeC 99
“Smart Rock”
www.tinyos.net
Rene 11/00
Small microcontroller
- 10 kb
EEPROM storage (32 KB)
Simple sensors
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Mica 1/02
Demonstrate
scale
- 8 kb code, 512 B data
Simple, low-power radio
Dot 9/01
Designed for
experimentation
NEST open exp. platform
128 KB code, 4 KB data
-sensor boards
50 KB radio
-power boards
- Intel
DARPA SENSIT,
Expeditions
Crossbow
IDF Panel
512 KB Flash
comm accelerators
- DARPA NEST
TinyOS/MICA Platform Users (ca 6/02)
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ACCENTURE
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ALLEN, ANTHONY
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ALTARUM
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BAE SYSTEMS CONTROLS
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BALBOA INSTRUMENTS
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CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV
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CENTRID
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CLEVELAND STATE UNIV
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CORNELL UNIVERSITY
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DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
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DOBLE ENGINEERING
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COMPANY
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DUKE UNIVERSITY
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FRANCE TELECOM R&D
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GE KAYE INSTRUMENTS, INC
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GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV.
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GEORGIA TECH RESEARCH INT
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GE
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GRAVITON, INC
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HONEYWELL
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HRL ABORATORIES
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INTEL CORPORATION
INTEL RESEARCH
JPL
KENT STATE UNIVERSITY
LAWRENCE BERKELEY NAT'L
LLNL
LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LAB
MARYLAND PROCUREMENT
MIT
MITRE CORP.
MSE TECH. APPLICATION INC
NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CTR
NAT'L INST OF STD & TECH
NICK OLIVAS LOS ALAMOS NA
NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIV
PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV
PHILLIPS
ROBERT BOSCH CORP.
RUIZ-SANDOVAL, M.E.
RUTGERS STATE UNIVERSITY
SANDIA NATIONAL LABS
SIEMENS BUILDING TECH INC
SILICON SENSING SYSTEMS
SOUTHWEST RESEARCH
TEMPLE UNIVERSITY
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UNIV SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI
UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CA
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS
UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
US ARMY CECOM
USC INFORMATION SCIENCES
VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
VIGILANZ SYSTEMS
VITRONICS INC
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY
WILLOW TECHNOLOGIES LTD
WJM, INC
XEROX
CENS @ UCLA
Simple Technolgy, Broad Agenda
• Social factors
– security, privacy, information sharing
• Applications
– long lived, self-maintaining, dense instrumentation of previously
unobservable phenomena
– interacting with a computational environment
• Programming the Ensemble
– describe global behavior, synthesis local rules that have correct, predictable
global behavior
• Distributed services
– localization, time synchronization, resilient aggregation
• Networking
– self-organizing multihop, resilient, energy efficient routing
– despite limited storage and tremendous noise
• Operating system
– extensive resource-constrained concurrency, modularity
– framework for defining boundaries
• Architecture
– rich interfaces and simple primitives allowing cross-layer optimization
2/18/03
IDFcommunication,
Panel
– low-power processor, ADC, radio,
encryption
Confluence of Talent @ UCB
• David Culler, sys, arch, net
• Kris Pister, MEMS, lowpower chips/rf
• Jan Rabaey, pico-radio
• Eric Brewer, P.L., sys, app
• David Wagner, security
• Shankar Sastry, dist. ctrl,
cyberinfrastructure
• Kannan Ramachandran,
dist. coding
• Laurent El Ghoui, opt.
• Michael Jordon, alg.
• Dick White, sensors
• Bob Broderson, UWB
2/18/03
• Pravin Varaya, transport.
• Paul Wright (ME) design,
fire, energy, power
• Steve Glaser (CE),
structures, fire
• Greg Fenves (CE),
earthquakes
• Todd Dawson (IB),
eocphysiology
• Ed Arens (ED), built env
• Mary Powers (IB),
conservation biology
• Alice Agagino (ME)
• ...
IDF Panel
Confluence of Technologies
Many devices monitor and
interact with physical world
Coordinate and perform
higher-level tasks
Networking
Embedded Systems
Self-organized, power-aware
communication
Small, untethered processing,
storage, and control
MEMS
Mass-produced, low-power,
short range, sensors & actuators
Exploit spatially and temporally dense coupling to physical world
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backup
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MicroSensors
• MEMS, resistive, capacitive
• Accelerometer, vibration, magnetometer
• Light (solar, PAR), temperature, acoustic, wind
• Barometric pressure, humidity, moisture, fog,
dew
• Touch, force, strain
• Motion, IR, occupancy
• CO, CO2, ...
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IDF Panel
A new kind of information
• Streaming data from the physical world
– rather than explicit creation by people
• Carries a tremendous amount of potential
information
– what is where?, what is it doing?, how is it doing?, what else
is there?
– why, what is causing it to do what it is doing?
• Shares many of the networking challenges in an
extreme form
– real time, closed-loop, lossy, compression, content-based
addressing, multicast, aggregate
• Plus a new set of challenges
– How is it captured, categorized, index, mined, transported,
shared, protected?
– Energy, bandwidth, and storage constraints
2/18/03
IDF Panel