TOPIC: CELLS
AIM: How do we describe
cells?
DO NOW:
MAKE A HYPOTHESIS
A student was
viewing a specimen
under the
microscope. The
specimen appeared
to be round and
have a dark circle in
the center. What is
the specimen?
My hypothesis is that
the specimen
is________
because______________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
________
How do we
know that
cells exist?
The discovery
of the
microscope
Robert
Hooke
• Observed slices of cork
with a comp.
microscope (1600’s)
Anton van 1600’s
Leeuwenhoek Used a simple
microscope
First to look at
living cells
Observed onecelled organisms
like bacteria
Rain pond water,
the mouth,
intestines
Matthias
Schleidan
Observed plant cells
All plants are made
of cells
Theodor
Schwann
Observed animal
cells
All animals are
made of cells
Robert
Virchow
All cells are made
from pre-existing
cells.
(Cells divide 
more cells)
Cell
Theory
1. Cells are the basic unit
of structure in all living
things.
(Living things are made of
cells)
2. Cells are the basic
unit of function of all
living things
(They carry out life
processes)
3. All cells come from
pre-existing cells.
Exceptions
to the
Cell
Theory
1. Viruses are NOT
cells, and are NOT
made of cells.
Virus do not reproduce by division
because they are not cells.
2. Mitochondria &
Chloroplasts
cell parts that have
their own DNA and
reproduce on their
own.
(Don’t need the
nucleus to
reproduce)
3. The first cell
could not have
come from a
pre-existing
cell.
Cells
• Microscopic
• Found in living
things
• There are different
types
• Smallest living
thing on earth
http://htwins.net/scale2/?bordercolor=white
EXAMPLES OF CELLS
Skin cells
Bone cells
MORE CELLS
Brain cells
Blood cells
How many
cells do we
have?
Do infants
have more
or less cells?
One hundred
trillion
100,000,000,000,000
As an adult
Infants have fewer
cells than adults
because
________________
________________
________________
_______________
TOPIC: CELLS
AIM: HOW DO CELLS WORK?
Do Now:
Define organism
Why do
organisms need
cells?
An organism is
_____________________
_____________________
___________________
Organisms need
cells to
_____________________
_____________________
Hw: Have a great weekend!!! ;-)!
If there are 1. Based on location
or
function
of
the
so many cells
cell
how do we
• blood cell
classify them?
• muscle cell
2.Based on the type
of organism it
belongs to
• Plant cell
• Animal cell
Cell QUIZ I
1. How do we know cells exist?
2. What did Robert Hooke do for science?
3. Which scientist observed the first living
cells and where did he observe them?
4. List the cell theory
5. Why are viruses exception to the cell
theory?
6. What are organelles and why are they
important?
Organism
• Any living thing
• Examples:
– Shark -Tree
-Bacteria
– Human
-Bird
Cells work
(perform life
activities)
because
Organelles
they contain
organelles
• Structures that are
found in the cell
that perform all
cell activities
• a.k.a cell parts
Examples of
organelles
Nucleus
• Located in the center of the
cell
• Appears as a circle
• Sometimes solid in color
The function is to be the
control center for the cell
and contains chromosomes
Chromosomes - contain
hereditary genetic
information
Cell Membrane
• Located around the
entire cell
• Appears as a thin line
• Similar to the walls of
the classroom
• The function is to be a
barrier (wall) between
the outside of the cell
and the inside.
AND……
• Allows materials to
transport in and out of
the cell
Cytoplasm
• Located inside the cell
membrane and outside
the nucleus
• Appears as the “liquid”
between all the
organelles
• The function is to
support all the
organelles AND…
• Transport materials
around the cell
• Similar to the ______in
our bodies
Vacuole
• Location is scattered
around the
cytoplasm
• Appears as an
empty circle
• The function is to be
the storage site for
wastes and other
cellular materials
• Similar to the
garbage pails in
each room
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
• Located around the
nucleus
• Appears as canals
• A.k.a. – ER
• The function of the
ER is to transport
materials within the
cell
AND….
Sometimes contains
ribosomes
Ribosomes
• Located on the ER
and scattered
around the
cytoplasm
• Appears as dots
• The function is
protein formation
(synthesis)
• RIBosomes---Babyback ribs give you
protein
What do cells need to do all
this work?
Mitochondria
• Located within the
cytoplasm
• Appear as bean
shaped structures
• The function is the
production of
energy
• A.k.a – the
powerhouse
DO NOW:
NAME THAT ORGANELLE
1. I am the
organelle that is
centered in the
cytoplasm and I
contain the
genes, who am I?
2. I am the
organelle that
gives the cell
proteins, who am
I?
Topic: Cells
Aim: How do cells
work?
Day 2
More Organelles
Golgi Bodies
• Located in the
cytoplasm
• Appear as a
structure with
many folds
• The function is to
package all the
wastes for
removal
Lysosome
• Located in the
cytoplasm
• Appear as small
circular structures
with particles
inside
• The function is to
digest (break
down) cellular
materials
Centriole
• Located in the
cytoplasm
• Often near the
nucleus
• Appears in a set
of two
• ONLY IN ANIMAL
CELLS
• The function is to
help the cell with
cellular division of
the chromosomes
Chloroplasts
Photosynthesis
• Located around the
edge of the cell
• Appear as oval
structures with lines
• ONLY IN PLANT
CELLS
• Contain Chlorophyll
• The function is to
perform
photosynthesis
process in which plants
produce their own food
Cell wall
• Located outside
the cell
membrane
• ONLY IN PLANT
CELLS
• The function is to
provide support
and structure for
the cell
Organelle Challenge
Do Now:
Describe what cells
look like, using
scientific names
and as many
details as
possible.
The appearance of
cells
is________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
TOPIC: CELLS
AIM: HOW CAN WE
VIEW CELLULAR
STRUCTURES?
LAB# 4
DO NOW:
Make a conclusion
based on yesterdays
lab hypothesis and
observations.
Be sure to restate your
hypothesis, state if
you were correct or
not, and state
specific observations
My hypothesis was that
___________________.
In conclusion, my
hypothesis was ____.
My observations
showed that cells
_____________________
_____________________
____________
DO NOW:
BRAINSTORM:
List your ideas as to I think that we can
how we can see
see our cells by
our own cells
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
TOPIC: CELLS
AIM: HOW ARE CELLS DIFFERENT?
Do Now:
Complete
worksheet titled
Cell organelles
TOPIC: CELLS
AIM: HOW CAN WE VIEW
OUR CELLS?
LAB # 5
A
B
C
E
D