PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Physical Science- Wofford
PROPERTIES OF ALL OBJECTS
Objects take up space.
All objects take up
space.
Your computer is
taking up space on the
desk.
You are taking up
space on the chair.
PHYSICAL VS.
CHEMICAL
Physical properties: observe without
changing the identity of the substance
Chemical properties: observe only when the
identity changes
How do you know if it is chemical or
physical?
If it CHanges, it’s CHemical
PHYSICAL CHANGES
Changes that do NOT change the identity of the
substance.
You may or may not be able to undo a physical
change.
PHYSICAL CHANGES:
For example:
1. Size
2. Shape
3. State




Solid
liquid
Gas
Plasma
4. 4. Dilutions
CHEMICAL CHANGES
Chemical changes do alter
the identity of a substance
In other words, a chemical
change is when something
changes into an entirely
different substance
For example:
 Iron rusting
 Wood burning
 Copper turning to brass
 Baking a cake
 spoiled milk
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
A common chemical property is reactivity.
Reactive to oxygen
Reactive to air
Reactive to water…
Notice that chemical properties aren’t EASY to observe, unlike physical
properties.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
•Milk needs to be in the
refrigerator or else it will go
bad.
•If you've ever seen or smelled
spoiled milk, it is not a pretty
sight.
•The milk gets a sour odor and
becomes lumpy.
•Unlike physical changes, you
cannot reverse chemical changes.
•You can melt ice to get water
and freeze that water to get ice
again.
•You cannot make milk unspoiled.
STATES OF MATTER
KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER
Matter is made up of
particles which are in
continual random motion.
THE FOUR STATES OF MATTER
•Solid
•Liquid
•Gas
•Plasma
Based upon particle
arrangement
Based upon energy of
particles
Based upon distance
between particles
STATES OF MATTER- SOLIDS
•Particles of solids
are tightly packed,
vibrating about a
fixed position.
•Solids have a
definite shape and a
definite volume.
Heat
STATES OF MATTER- LIQUID
Particles of liquids are
tightly packed, but are
far enough apart to
slide over one another.
Liquids have an
indefinite shape and a
definite volume.
Heat
STATES OF MATTER- GAS
Particles of gases are
very far apart and
move freely.
Gases have an
indefinite shape and
an indefinite volume.
Heat
STATES OF MATTER- PLASMA
A plasma is an ionized
gas.
A plasma is a very good
conductor of electricity
and is affected by
magnetic fields.
Plasmas, like gases have
an indefinite shape and
an indefinite volume.
•Plasma is the common
state of matter
SOME PLACES WHERE PLASMAS ARE FOUND…
1. Flames
2. Lightning
3. Aurora
4. Sun
COLD PLASMA
STATES OF MATTER
SOLID
Tightly packed, in a
regular pattern
Vibrate, but do not
move from place to
place
LIQUID
Close together with
no regular
arrangement.
Vibrate, move
about, and slide
past each other
GAS
Well separated with
no regular
arrangement.
Vibrate and move
freely at high
speeds
PLASMA
Has no definite
volume or shape
and is composed of
electrical charged
particles
PHASE CHANGES
Description of
Phase Change
Solid to
liquid
Liquid to
solid
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Melting
Heat goes into the solid
as it melts.
Freezing
Heat leaves the liquid
as it freezes.
PHASE CHANGES
Description of
Phase Change
Term for Phase
Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Vaporization,
which includes
Liquid to gas
boiling and
evaporation
Heat goes into the
liquid as it vaporizes.
Gas to liquid Condensation
Heat leaves the gas as it
condenses.
PHASE CHANGES
Description of
Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Solid to gas
Sublimation
Heat goes into the solid
as it sublimates.
Gas to Solid
Deposition
Heat leaves the gas as
it deposites.