Sustainability Accounting
Tema
Peran Profesi Akuntan untuk Memastikan
Sustainability Accounting Practice Efektif dan
Berkesinambungan dalam turbulensi ekonomi global.
Sustainability is a strategy by which communities seek economic
development approaches that also benefit the local environment
and quality of life.
Turbulence is the entire process of economic change 
uncertainty that increased risk, chaos
Turbulence
Yesterday’s economic model and company
• Economic model was based on two assumption that:
• There were limitless resources in nature and that planet earth
had an infinite capacity to absorb waste take – make – waste
• Company focus on single bottom line, focus on shareholder, FR
prepare for investment analyst
Current Economic models
• 21st Megatrends driver: global financial crisis, climate crisis,
ecological overshoot, greater expectations from stakeholder,
population growth  cannot carry on business as usual and have
to learn to make more with less
Component Market Value
Ref: Governance is King Marvin E King SC, presentation
Sustainability
• Is a process of achieving human development
• Contributed through effective management of social,
economic and environment benefits
• Global driver of sustainability:
–
–
–
–
Increasing Industrialization
Interconnection of Civil Stakeholders
Emerging Technology
Effects of Globalization- poverty, inequity, population explosion
• Triple Bottom Line ( TBL) = Profit, People, Planet
– An expanded spectrum of values and criteria for measuring
organizational and societal success – economic, environmental, social.
– In the private sector, a commitment to CSR implies a commitment to
some form of TBL reporting.
What is the King?
Profit ?
Cash
Governance?
Entity Reporting
Financial
Statement
Annual
Report
Sustainability
Reporting
Integrated
Reporting
Financial Statement
Use a global accounting standard : IFRS
• Fair value
• Principles based
• More disclosure
Focus on economic substance
Main fundamental characteristic
• Relevance
• Representational faitfullness
Discussion New Issue in Financial Statement
Comprehensive income
• Item not to be reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods
• Revaluation asset
• Remeasurement of net defined benefit liability  actuaria gain or loss
• Item to be reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods
• Unrealized gain or loss on available for sale securities
• Translation gain or loss
• Gain or lass on Cash flow hedging
Fair value
•
•
•
•
Financial instrument  PSAK 50, 55, 6060
Property plant and equipment, property investment – option  PSAK 16, 13
Impairment of asset  PSAK 48
Agriculture  PSAK 69
Economic Substance
• Consolidation  PSAK 65
• Joint Arrangement  PSAK 66
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO) DAN ENTITAS ANAK
LAPORAN LABA RUGI DAN PENGHASILAN KOMPREHENSIF LAIN KONSOLIDASIAN
Untuk Tahun yang Berakhir pada Tanggal 31 Desember 2015
(Dinyatakan dalam ribuan Dolar Amerika Serikat, kecuali dinyatakan lain)
Annual Report (Bapepam X.K.6)
Financial and non Financial Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Summary of financial information
Board of Commissioner report
Board of Director report
Company Profile
Management Discussion and Analysis
Corporate Governance
Audited Financial Statement
Summary of Financial Information
•
•
•
•
Sales, profit
Asset, working capital, investment. Liability and equity
Financial projection  sales and profit
Ratio  profitability, liquidity, solvabilty
Corporate governance
• Board of commissioner, board of directors, audit committee, other
committee, internal control, risk, CSR activities and expense, litigation
Sustainability Reporting – TBL
TBL Concept
• Expanding the traditional reporting framework
• Take into account environmental and social performance in
addition to financial performance.
• Company's responsibility to 'stakeholders' rather than
shareholders.
TBL Definition
• “At its narrowest TBL reporting is a framework for measuring
and reporting corporate (organizational) performance against
economic, social and environmental parameters”
www.sustainability.com
• A move from one dimensional economic reporting to three
dimensional economic, social and environmental reporting
Sustainability Reporting – TBL
Economic
• Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles
• Customers
• Suppliers
• Employees
Social
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bribery and corruption
Political contributions
Child labor
Security practices
Indigenous rights
Training and diversity
Environmental
•
•
•
•
Energy
Water
Biodiversity
Emissions, effluents, and
waste
Sustainability Reporting
• TBL accomplished Through the application of what is called
the Global Reporting Initiative 2002 or GRI and is defined as
“a common framework for sustainability reporting.
• Started in 1997 by the Coalition for Environmentally
Responsible Economies and the United Nation
• GRI became independent in 2002, and is an official
collaborating centre of the United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP) and works in cooperation with UN
Secretary-General Kofi Annan’s Global Compact.
Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)
• The Global Reporting Initiative attempts to make the Triple Bottom Line
operational
• VISION
– The Global Reporting Initiative’s (GRI) vision is that reporting on economic,
environmental, and social performance by all organizations becomes as
routine and comparable as financial reporting.
– GRI accomplishes this vision by developing, continually improving, and
building capacity around the use of its Sustainability Reporting Framework.
• TBL reporting enables organizations to:
– Measure and manage their financial and non-financial performance and
impacts, or lack thereof
– Have their performance and impacts verified independently
– Communicate effectively with consumers, governments, investors,
employees, other stakeholders and watchdog groups
“You cannot talk about CSR unless you love your people and your country”
G4 PEDOMAN PELAPORAN KEBERLANJUTAN
PRINSIP-PRINSIP PELAPORAN
• Prinsip-prinsip untuk Menentukan Konten Laporan
• Prinsip-prinsip untuk Menentukan Kualitas Laporan
Pengungkapan Standar Umum
• Strategi dan Analisis
• Profil Organisasi
• Aspek Material dan Boundary Teridentifikasi
• Hubungan dengan Pemangku Kepentingan
• Profil Laporan
• Tata Kelola
• Etika dan Integritas
G4 PEDOMAN PELAPORAN KEBERLANJUTAN
Pengungkapan Standar Khusus
• Panduan untuk Pengungkapan Pendekatan
Manajemen
• Panduan untuk Indikator dan Pengungkapan
Spesifik
• Kategori: Ekonomi
• Kategori: Lingkungan
• Kategori: Sosial
• Sub-Kategori: Praktik Ketenagakerjaan dan
Kenyamanan Bekerja
• Sub-Kategori: Hak Asasi Manusia
• Sub-Kategori: Masyarakat
• Sub-Kategori: Tanggung Jawab atas Produk
G4 Prinsip Menentukan Konten Laporan
PELIBATAN PEMANGKU KEPENTINGAN
• Prinsip: Organisasi harus mengidentifikasi para pemangku
kepentingannya, dan menjelaskan bagaimana organisasi telah
menanggapi harapan dan kepentingan wajar dari mereka.
KONTEKS KEBERLANJUTAN
• Prinsip: Laporan harus menyajikan kinerja organisasi dalam konteks
keberlanjutan yang lebih luas.
MATERIALITAS
• Principle: Laporan harus mencakup Aspek yang:
• Mencerminkan dampak ekonomi, lingkungan, dan sosial yang
signifikan dari organisasi; atau
• Secara substantial memengaruhi asesmen dan keputusan
pemangku kepentingan
G4 Prinsip Menentukan Kualitas Laporan - 1
KESEIMBANGAN
• Prinsip: Laporan harus mencerminkan aspek-aspek positif
dan negatif dari kinerja organisasi untuk memungkinkan
dilakukannya asesmen yang beralasan atas kinerja
organisasi secara keseluruhan.
KOMPARABILITIAS
• Prinsip: Organisasi harus memilih, mengumpulkan, dan
melaporkan informasi secara konsisten. Informasi yang
dilaporkan harus disajikan dengan cara yang memungkinkan
para pemangku kepentingan menganalisis perubahan
kinerja organisasi dari waktu ke waktu, dan yang dapat
mendukung analisis relatif terhadap organisasi lain.
G4 Prinsip Menentukan Kualitas Laporan - 2
AKURASI
• Prinsip: Informasi yang dilaporkan harus cukup
akurat dan terperinci bagi para pemangku
kepentingan untuk dapat menilai kinerja
organisasi.
KETEPATAN WAKTU
• Prinsip: Organisasi harus membuat laporan
dengan jadwal yang teratur sehingga informasi
tersedia tepat waktu bagi para pemangku
kepentingan untuk membuat keputusan yang
tepat.
G4 Prinsip Menentukan Kualitas Laporan - 3
KEJELASAN
• Prinsip: Organisasi harus membuat informasi
tersedia dengan cara yang dapat dimengerti dan
dapat diakses oleh pemangku kepentingan yang
menggunakan laporan.
KEANDALAN
• Prinsip: Organisasi harus mengumpulkan,
mencatat, menyusun, menganalisis, dan
mengungkapkan informasi serta proses yang
digunakan untuk menyiapkan laporan agar dapat
diuji, dan hal itu akan menentukan kualitas serta
materialitas informasi
G4 Pengungkapan Standar Umum - 1
G4 Pengungkapan Standar Umum -2
G4 Pengungkapan Standar Khusus - 1
G4 Pengungkapan Standar Khusus - 2
G4 Pengungkapan Standar Khusus - 3
G4 Pengungkapan Standar Khusus - 4
SR – Ilustration ANTAM
SR – Ilustration ANTAM
SR – Ilustration ANTAM
SR – Ilustration ANTAM
SR – Ilustration ANTAM
Integrated Reporting
• International Integrated Reporting Council
Regulators
Standard
setters
Investors
Companies
Accounting
NGOs
Chair: Prof Mervyn King
CEO: Paul Druckman
Reff: Slide by International Integrated Reporting Council
IIRC
Our long-term vision is a world in which integrated
thinking is embedded within mainstream business
practice in the public and private sectors, facilitated by
<IR> as the corporate reporting norm.
The cycle of integrated thinking and reporting, resulting
in efficient and productive capital allocation, will act as
forces for financial stability and sustainability.
Reff: Slide by International Integrated Reporting Council
Integrated Reporting
• The macro perspective:
• Financial stability
• Sustainability
• In practical terms:
• Concise communication of value – more than financial capital
• Focus on strategy and future orientation
• Reduce volume
• Promote connectivity of information
Reff: Slide by International Integrated Reporting Council
Annual Report Volume
400
350
300
Prudential annual report pages - 1850-2008
'Back end' pages
'Front end' pages
250
200
150
100
50
0
Source: Investis Research
Reff: Slide by International Integrated Reporting Council
Reporting Missmatch
Reporting content
STRATEGIC ISSUES
FORECASTS / PLANS
Business value
STRATEGY AND
GOVERNANCE
IMPLEMENTATION
PLANS
PAST PERFORMANCE
BUSINESS AS USUAL
Reff: Slide by International Integrated Reporting Council
Why should you care about <IR>?
1. Communicating vs. Complying
2. Reporting the Intangibles
3. Breaking Down Silos
4. Increasing Transparency
Bob Laux
Senior Director of Financial Accounting and Reporting
Microsoft Corporation
AICPA Insights Article
Reff: Slide by International Integrated Reporting Council
The benefit of giving the full story
PwC took two reports to two teams at Schroders Investment Management House.
1st team studied Coloplast’s ‘full report’
2nd team studied a stripped version ‘financial report’
Conclusion: “ There is a competition for capital out there – every company needs to question
whether its corporate reporting is positioning them for success”
Reff: Slide by International Integrated Reporting Council
Source: PwC
<IR>: A new focus
concise communication about value
Financial
reporting
strategy, governance,
performance, prospects
Reff: Slide by International Integrated Reporting Council
Other
reporting
What is <IR>?
integrated
thinking
Integrated
Reporting
integrated report
Reff: Slide by International Integrated Reporting Council
<IR> aims to:
Efficient and productive
allocation of capital
Cohesive and efficient
approach to corporate
reporting
Support integrated
thinking
Enhance
accountability
Reff: Slide by International Integrated Reporting Council
The Framework: Core features
Fundamental
Concepts
Guiding Principles
Content Elements
• Value Creation for the organization and for others
• The Capitals
• The Value Creation Process
Reff: Slide by International Integrated Reporting Council
The Framework: Fundamental Concepts
Reff: Slide by International Integrated Reporting Council
6 capitals with different combinations and connectivity
Reff: Slide by International Integrated Reporting Council
The Framework: Fundamental Concepts
The Value Creation Process
The Framework: Guiding Principles
• Strategic focus and future
orientation
Underpins preparation
Informs content
• Connectivity of
information
• Stakeholder relationships
• Materiality
Presentation of information
Judgement is needed
• Conciseness
• Reliability and
completeness
• Consistency and
comparability
Reff: Slide by International Integrated Reporting Council
The Framework: Content elements
• Organizational overview
and external
environment
Questions to be answered
• Governance
• Business model
Unique story
• Risk and opportunities
Connections apparent
• Strategy and resource
allocation
Not a set sequence
Not isolated, standalone sections
• Performance
• Outlook
• Basis for preparation and
presentation
• General reporting
guidance
Reff: Slide by International Integrated Reporting Council
The Framework journey so far…
Discussion
Paper
Prototype
Framework
Background Papers
for <IR>
Emerging <IR>
Database
IIRC Pilot Programme
Yearbooks
Basis for Conclusions
Building the Business
Case for <IR>
Summary of
Significant Issues
Reff: Slide by International Integrated Reporting Council
The Framework journey ahead
Discussion
Paper
• Framework
Development
Prototype
Framework
• Guidance and
Practice
• Thought leadership
Background Papers for
<IR>
Emerging <IR>
Database
IIRC Pilot Programme
Yearbooks
Basis for Conclusions
Summary of
Building the Business Case
for <IR>
Significant Issues
Reff: Slide by International Integrated Reporting Council
• Academic
community
• Databases
• Evidence Base
ORGANIZATIONAL
OVERVIEW AND
EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
The Go-Ahead Group plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012
The Go-Ahead Group plc Annual Report and Accounts 2012
GOVERNANCE
Marks & Spencer Group plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2013
BUSINESS MODEL
Lawson, Inc. Integrated Report 2013
Lawson, Inc. Integrated Report 2013
Sasol annual integrated report 2013
Sasol annual integrated report 2013
The Crown Estate Integrated Annual Report and Accounts 2013
Votorantim link <IR> to their Report 2012
RISK AND
OPPORTUNITY
Schiphol Annual Report 2012
Schiphol Annual Report 2012
STRATEGY
New Zealand Post Group Annual Review 2013
To build a sustainable physical network that offers the flexibility
to align to changes in demand
(New Zealand Post Group Limited
Statement of Corporate Intent 2012-2015)
To develop and deliver, in an economic and sustainable way, a
good customer experience, by providing effective products and
services.
(New Zealand Post Group Limited
Statement of Corporate Intent 2012-2015)
To ensure long-term value creation for the Group through the
further development and growth in Kiwibank.
(New Zealand Post Group Limited
Statement of Corporate Intent 2012-2015)
To ensure the internal structure, process and frameworks in
operation at the New Zealand Post Group are positioned to offer
the most efficient and profitable outcome for the Group
(New Zealand Post Group Limited
Statement of Corporate Intent 2012-2015)
To ensure that our people have the skills and capabilities they
require to succeed, and to create a culture in the organisation
that enables and encourages our people to strive for great
customer outcomes
(New Zealand Post Group Limited
Statement of Corporate Intent 2012-2015)
To create a range of digital services to meet changing customer
needs.
(New Zealand Post Group Limited
Statement of Corporate Intent 2012-2015)
Gold Fields Integrated Annual Review 2012
Gold Fields Integrated Annual Review 2012
PERFORMANCE
Stockland Annual Review 2012
Nedbank Group Integrated Report 2012
Nedbank Group Integrated Report 2012
OUTLOOK
ARM Holdings plc Annual Report & Accounts 2012
ARM Holdings plc Annual Report & Accounts 2012
Novo-Nordisk Annual Report 2012
Resources
www.theiirc.org
Emerging <IR> Database
IIRC Pilot Programme Yearbooks
TERIMA KASIH
Profesi untuk
Mengabdi pada
Negeri
Dwi Martani
081318227080
martani@ui.ac.id atau dwimartani@yahoo.com
http://staff.blog.ui.ac.id/martani/