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Study Guide for the Creation of the People’s Republic of China
Part I. Vocabulary. Identify each of the following in a complete sentence.
1. Rebellion of 1911- Answers will vary for this part.
2. Boxers-
3. Boxer Rebellion-
4. First Opium War-
5. Second Opium War-
6. The Long March-
7. Chiang Kai-shek-
8. Mao Tse-tung (Zedong)-
9. Great Wall-
10. Treaty of Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance-
Part II. Answer each short answer in a complete sentence and restate each question in your answer.
1. Who is considered the “father of modern China”?
Sun Yat-sen is seen as the father of modern China.
2. Who helped China in the 1950’s? Why did they help them?
Russia helped China in the 1950’s because Russia wanted to be the leader in the world of
communism.
3. What was the Long March? Why did people participate in it?
The Long March was a retreat of 100,000 Communist from the Nationalists crossing 6000 miles,
18 mountain ranges, 24 rivers, and lasted a year. People participated in this as a way to protest
their support of other governments.
4. Who was the Nationalist Party led by? Why were they against communism?
Chiang Kai-shek led the Nationalist Party. Communism was the opposite of what they supported
which was more of a democracy with capitalism.
5. Who was the leader of the Chinese Communist party? When was this party founded?
Mao Tse-tung was the leader of the Chinese Communist Party and was founded in 1921.
6. What happened in the First Opium Wars? What caused it and what were some of the
outcomes?
In the First Opium Wars, the Chinese confiscated all of the opium stored in warehouses by British
merchants and burned ships carrying it. The Chinese were upset since a lot of Chinese were
addicted to it. As a result, the Chinese were unprepared and the British won. The settlement was
that China had to pay Great Britain a large sum of money and open five ports to British trade
and residence and to let the British be tried in British courts. The Chinese did not legalize opium
as well.
7. What happened at the Second Opium Wars? What caused it and what were some of the
outcomes?
At the Second Opium Wars, the sale of opium continued and the British wanted to expand their trade
rights. The French joined as well since a missionary was said to have been murdered. Europeans won
again. The Chinese were forced to open more ports, legalize the sale of opium, foreigners and
missionaries were given freedom to travel around China and the British won Hong Kong.
8. What caused the Boxer Rebellion and what was the result of it?
Boxers thought the foreigners were causing all sorts of negative things like drought, famine, and
others. This conflict arose when the Boxers roamed the countryside killing anyone they thought was
a Christian. As a result, Western Powers forced China to pay huge fines, and made them agree to
allow foreign troops into Peking and other cities.
9. What happened at the Rebellion of 1911, what caused it, and what were some of the
outcomes?
Foreign bankers tried to force a huge new loan on the Chinese government in exchange for the
right to build and control a railroad network. They were opposed by Chinese industrialists.
Officials called for a revolt starting the Chinese Revolution. Sun Yat-sen was elected provisional
president of the new republic and a history of rule that had lasted for 267 years came to an end.
10. What was China’s opinion about the rest of the world before it opened up any ports? Why?
China thought they were superior to all others since they did not need to trade with others. They
were isolated and self-sufficient.
11. Explain what the Mongols had to do with China in the early part of its history.
The Mongols would try to invade China a lot, so the Chinese built the Great Wall of China.
12. Who was Mao Tse- tung and what did he believe in?
Mao Tse-tung was leader of the Communist Party and he believed in communism. He founded
the party in 1921 and established an army of 40,000 people.
13. Explain some of the issues that have kept China from being a democratic society.
China may never become a democratic society because of the long history of domination and the
division of individuals and their beliefs. One group wants a democratic society and the other
wants a communist society. This division of beliefs will keep the two sides from agreeing on a
democratic government.
14. What language do most people speak in China?
Most Chinese people speak Mandarin Chinese.