15.5 Roots of Revolution
Guided Notes
343-348
Read the introduction on pg. 343
1. Two Reasons the Chinese believed their
culture was superior to others:
Remember to write in note format. Include the
question in your answer
Read A Position of Strength
2. What two restrictions did the Ming emperors
place on foreign traders?
3. What two developments, in the late 1700s,
had major effects on China’s relations with
the west?
4. Define imperialism:
5. Define kowtow:
6. What did it mean when a foreigner
kowtowed?
Read The Opium War
7. Two ways Europeans hurt the Chinese
through the sell of opium:
8. Penalty for opium smuggling =
9. Cause of the Opium War =
The Opium War
10. What was the result of the Opium War?
11. Three things the Chinese agreed
to, under the Treaty of Nanjing:
12. What was the right to
extraterritoriality?
• Westerners accused of a crime in China could
be tried in their own courts
13. What is a sphere of influence?
• An area in which a foreign nation has special
economic privileges such as building railroads
and factories
14. Why was Japan able to defeat
china in the Sino-Japanese War?
• Modernized with western technology and
industries
15. What did the “Open Door” policy
call for?
• All nations were to have equal access to trade
with China
16. Two signs of China’s weakness
under the Qing dynasty:
• Loss of territory to foreigners
• Peasant revolts
17. Five reforms that took place after
the Taiping Rebellion
• Factories to produce modern weapons and
ships
• Sent men abroad to study
• Updated civil service exam
• Organized western style schools
• Promoted economic changes
18. Called “Boxers”, their name meant
this in Chinese”
• Fists of Righteous Harmony
19. Goal of Boxers
• To expel all foreigners
20. Tactics used by Boxers:
• Attacked and killed many Chinese Christians
and foreigners
21. Final result of Boxer Rebellion:
• Western powers organized an international
army, crushed the Boxers. China forced to
allow foreign troops on Chinese soil and ships
in Chinese waters.
22. What happened in 1911?
• Ci Xi (tsuh shee) died. Qing dynasty collapsed.
• China declared itself a republic. Civil war from
1911-1928
23. What is a republic?
• Rule by elected leaders
24. President of the new republic:
• Dr. Sun Yatsen (soon yaht sehn)
25. Three goals of Dr. Sun Yatsen:
• Nationalism
• Democracy
• Livelihood- ensuring a decent living for all
Chinese
26. What happened to the new
republic?
• General Yuan Shikai forced Sun out of office in
1912. Warlords battled for power.
27. Who was Chiang Kai-Shek?
• Commander of the Nationalist Army
• When Sun died, he took over as the leader of
the Nationalist Party.
• Brought China under his control by 1928
28. Group attacked by Chiang:
• Communists
29. Leader of Communists during the
late 1920s and 30s:
• Mao Zedong (mow dzoo doong)
30. How did Mao believe the
Communists could succeed in China?
• By winning support of peasants
31. What was the Long March?
• 6000 mile march from SE China To
northwestern province of Shaanxi.
• Lasted more than a year
Approximately how many Communists
died during the Long March?
• 63,000
What happened in 1937, in China?
• Japan launched an all out war against China
34. How did the Nationalists and
Communists react to the Japanese
invasion?
• Joined together to battle the Japanese