Knowledge Management
Overview
By
M. SURULINATHI
surulinathi@gmail.com
Department of Library and Information Science
What is Knowledge Management?
 Knowledge
Management is planning, designing,
building, operating and maintaining the knowledge
Management System.
 Knowledge Management is managing knowledge of
·
Information in Document
(Sounds, Images and Text)
Knowledge in People Heads
-Collaboration
-Storytelling
-Mind mapping
Organizational Memory
-Knowledge Re-use
-Community of Practice
-Lesson Learning
Conversion of Information to Knowledge
-Logical intelligence
-Collaborative Intelligence
-Sensory Experience
-Intuition and Technology Experience
Learning Methods
-Discovery Learning
-Constructivist Learning
-Task-based Learning
-Goal-based Learning
Definition of Knowledge Management
 According to Ouitas et al. (1997)
Knowledge Management is to discover, develop,
utilize, deliver and absorb knowledge inside and outside
the organization through an appropriate management
process to meet current and future needs
Types of Knowledge
 Explicit Knowledge
 Tacit Knowledge
Explicit knowledge:
 Codified
 Transmittable through formal, systematic language
 Theoretical
 Easily transmitted and stored:
 Documents
 Databases etc.
 Approximately 5% of all knowledge
Tacit knowledge
 Personal
 Experience
 “Knowledge of body”
 Mental models
 Difficult to share and transmit
 Estimate: 95% of all knowledge
Dimensions of Knowledge
 TACIT KNOWLEDGE





EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE
Difficult to teachable
· Difficult to articulated
· Difficult to observable in use
· Complex
· Undocumented
Teachable
Articulate
Observable in use
Simple
Documented
Stages in Knowledge Management System
 Identify Knowledge
 Knowledge Gap
 Core Competencies
 Knowledge Domain
 People and skills
Stages in Knowledge Management System
 Collect Knowledge
 Buying Knowledge – Recruiting
 Merging the Organisations
 Outsourcing
 Rending Knowledge – Consultant
 Data entry
 OCR and scanning
 Searching for information to include
Stages in Knowledge Management System
 Select Knowledge
 Assess the value of Information
 Find the insight
 Store Knowledge
 Expert System – Storing of expert knowledge
 Repository
 Keep and Index the knowledge dynamically
Stages in Knowledge Management System
Share Knowledge
·
Selective Dissemination of Information
·
SECI Model
Create Knowledge
·
SECI Model
Apply Knowledge
·
Perform Support System
Problem Solving and Task analysis
Knowledge
Life cycle
Model
SECI Model
Socialization
 This process focuses on tacit to tacit knowledge
linking. Tacit knowledge goes beyond the boundary and
new knowledge is created by using the process of
interactions, observing, discussing, analyzing, spending
time together or living in same environment. The
socialization is also known as converting new knowledge
through shared experiences. Organizations gain new
knowledge from outside its boundary also like interacting
with customers, suppliers and stack holders. This occurs
in traditional environments where son learns the
technique of wood craft from his father by working with
him (rather than from reading from books or manuals).
Externalization
This process focuses on tacit to explicit
knowledge linking. It helps in creating new
knowledge as tacit knowledge comes out of its
boundary and became collective group knowledge.
Combination
 Combination
is a process where knowledge
transforms from explicit knowledge to explicit
knowledge.
 Creative use of database to get report, sorting,
adding, categorizing are some examples of
combination process
Internalization
 By internalization explicit knowledge is created
using tacit knowledge and is shared across the
organization. When this tacit knowledge is read or
practiced by individuals then it broadens the learning
spiral of knowledge creation.
What is Knowledge Capture
 A process by which the expert’s thoughts and
experiences are captured
 A knowledge developer collaborates with an expert to
convert expertise into a coded program
Knowledge Capturing Tools
The Interview As a Tool
 Commonly used in the
early stages of tacit
knowledge capture
 The voluntary nature of
the interview is
important
Types of Interviews
 Structured: Questions and responses are definitive.
Used when specific information is sought
 Semi-structured: Predefined questions are asked but
allow expert some freedom in expressing the answers
 Unstructured: Neither the questions nor their
responses specified in advance. Used when exploring
an issue
Other Tools
On Site Observation
Brainstorming
Online Brainstorming
Blackboard
Knowledge Codification
 Converting
tacit knowledge
knowledge in a usable form
to
explicit
 Converting undocumented to documented
information
Knowledge Codification Tools
Knowledge Map
Knowledge tree
Knowledge Table and so on.
Other
Knowledge
Management
Tools
Moodle Course Management Software
 Moodle is designed to help educators create online
courses with opportunities for rich interaction.
 It is bringing together users and developers from
all over the world into discussions about using and
developing as their platform of choice for internetbased learning.
Features
 Forums
 Content Managing









(Resources)
Quizzes with different
kinds of questions.
Blogs
Wikis
Database activities
Surveys
Chat
Glossaries
Peer assessment
Multi-language support
(over 60 languages)
Mind Mapping
Storytelling
 Storytelling as a valuable Knowledge Management technique for
sharing knowledge
 Benefits of Storytelling
Communicate quickly
 Communicate naturally
 Communicate clearly
 Communicate truthfully
 Communicate collaboratively
 Communicate accurately
 Communicate entertainingly
 Communicate movingly
 Communicate feelingly
 Communicate intuitively

Community of Practice
KM Software- Microsoft Office SharePoint Server
 To
facilitate collaboration, provide content
management
features,
implement
business
processes, and supply access to information that is
essential to organizational goals and processes.
http://www.microsoft.com/sharepoint/capabilities/portals/demos.mspx
Knowledge Management:
Case Study
KM at NASA
KM at INFOSYS
KM at CPRI
Groupware
Knowledge Management in Libraries
 Libraries should be developed and maintained an
integrated online public access catalogue (OPAC)
with both internal and external resources as well as
printed and other formats of knowledge.
 Useful websites and knowledge sources should be
regularly searched and selected from the internet
Knowledge Management in Libraries
 Going beyond explicit knowledge, libraries should also
develop to capture all that tacit knowledge that is of
importance to their users, their organizations, and to the
internal operations of libraries.
 The website of each library should serve as a “portal” for all
sources of relevant knowledge and information whether
explicit or tacit, whether on site or remote and in all formats.
Knowledge Management in Libraries
Library Website
Knowledge Management in Libraries
Create Knowledge Repository
Chat with Librarian
Web Interaction Services
Success Factors of Knowledge Management
 The success of a KM initiative depends on many factors

Leadership ( leaders model the behavior = CoP)

Culture – (reward systems )

Structure, roles and responsibilities–(steering committee, a
central KM support group etc)

Information Technology Infrastructure etc…
Knowledge Management In Libraries
 The role of KM in Libraries will become more and more important
along with the development of knowledge economy. It is a new
management mode. The following superiority and characteristics are
incomparable with conventional management.
 Information technology is a tool for KM
 Human resource management in KM
 User Services in KM
 Knowledge Resource Management
 Resource Sharing and Networking
Technologies for the knowledge management.
 Intranet within an organization
• Document management systems
• Information retrieval systems
• Relational and object databases
• Electronic publishing
• Groupware and work flow systems
• Push technologies
• Help desk applications
• Brain storming applications
• Data warehousing and data mining
Conclusion
 In summary, Knowledge Management involves connecting people
with people, as well as people with information. They have to
transform information and knowledge into action
 The best knowledge creators are academics.