Separation of Mixtures
Separation of Mixtures
• Mixtures, both homogeneous
and heterogeneous, can be
separated by physical changes.
Techniques used for separating
mixtures
•
•
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Separation by physical properties
Filtration
Distillation
Crystallization
Evaporation to dryness
Chromatography
Separation by properties
• Physical characteristics such as color, size,
density, magnetism, etc can be used to
separate mixtures.
• Example: separating iron from a mixture.
separating a layer of oil from water
separating red marbles from blue marbles
Separation by
filtration
Heterogeneous
mixtures composed of
insoluble solids in
liquids are easily
separated by filtration.
Equipment used
during this process
includes a funnel and
filter paper.
The liquid which
passes through the
filter paper is called
the filtrate.
Example: sand in
water
Evaporation to dryness.
• Homogeneous mixtures composed of dissolved
solids in a solvent can be separated by boiling off the
liquid. The solute remains in the evaporating dish.
• Equipment required involves a hot plate and
evaporating dish.
• Example: salt dissolved in water
Distillation
• Distillation is used to separate a solution of two liquids.
It is based on differences in the boiling points of the two
substances involved.
• When the solution is heated, the substance with the
lowest boiling point boils and changes to a vapor. The
vapor condenses as it passes through the condenser and
is collected.
• Example: separating water from the syrup in a coke.
separating alcohol from water
Distillation
Crystallization
• A solution containing a dissolved solute can
also be separated using crystallization.
• When the solution contains as much of the
dissolved substance as possible, the addition
of even a tiny amount can cause the dissolved
substance to come out of solution and collect
on any available surface.
• Example: the making of rock candy from a
sugar solution.
Crystallization
Chromatography
• Chromatography is a technique that separates
two liquid components of mixture from each
other based on the ability of each substance to
travel up the surface of another material (called
the stationary phase).
• The stationary phase is often a solid such as the
chromatography paper.
• Components with the strongest attraction for the
paper travel slower.
• Example: separating dyes in food coloring
Chromatography
How would a mixture of two
colorless liquids be separated?
1.
2.
3.
4.
25%
25%
25%
25%
10
Chromatography
Distillation
Evaporation to Dryness
Filtration
1
2
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10
21
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What is the most efficient way of
separating a non-dissolving solid from a
liquid?
10
1.
2.
3.
4.
25%
25%
25%
25%
Chromatography
Distillation
Evaporation to Dryness
Filtration
1
2
3
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5
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7
8
9
10
21
22
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25
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What technique should be used to separate a
mixture of red and blue marbles of the same
size and mass?
10
25%
1. Chromatography
25%
2. Distillation
25%
3. Filtration
25%
4. Separation by Properties
1
2
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21
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How can you separate the
components of paint?
1.
2.
3.
4.
25%
25%
25%
25%
10
Chromatography
Distillation
Evaporation to Dryness
Filtration
1
2
3
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5
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7
8
9
10
21
22
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25
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30
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How can you separate vinegar and
oil?
10
1.
2.
3.
4.
25%
25%
25%
25%
Chromatography
Evaporation to Dryness
Filtration
Separation by Properties
1
2
3
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5
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7
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9
10
21
22
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25
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29
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How would you separate vinegar
from water?
10
1.
2.
3.
4.
25%
25%
25%
25%
Chromatography
Distillation
Evaporation to Dryness
Filtration
1
2
3
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5
6
7
8
9
10
21
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Distillation results in the formation of solid
particles of a dissolved substance?
10
1. True
2. False
50%
50%
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Filtration depends on differences in
sizes of particles.
10
1. True
2. False
50%
50%
1
2
3
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5
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7
8
9
10
21
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Separations of mixtures depend on the
chemical properties of the substances
involved.
10
1. True
2. False
50%
50%
1
2
3
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5
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7
8
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10
21
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Chromatography depends on the
different boiling points.
10
1. True
2. False
50%
50%
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10
21
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Evaporation to dryness can be used
to separate two liquids.
10
1. True
2. False
50%
50%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
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25
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