Efficacy of adjunctive anti-plaque chemical agents in managing gingivitis. A systematic
review and meta-analysis.
Tables for online supplement.
Table S1. Study characteristics: affiliation, sample recruitment and study duration.
Study
Study filiation
Country
Setting
Centre/s
Population recruitment
Allen et al. 1998
Allen et al. 2002
Ayad et al. 1995
Ayad et al. 2011
Bauroth et al. 2003
Beiswanger et al. 1995
Beiswanger et al. 1997
Bolden et al. 1992
Bruhn et al. 2002
Charles et al. 2001
Charles et al. 2004
Charles et al. 2013
Chaves et al. 1994
Claydon et al. 1996
Coelho et al. 2000
Cortelli et al. 2012
Cortelli et al. 2013
Cortelli et al. 2014
Costa et al. 2013
Cubells et al. 1991
Deasy et al. 1991
Denepitiya et al. 1992
DePaola et al. 1989
Flemmig et al. 1990
UK
USA
Canada
Costa Rica
USA
USA
USA
USA
Germany
Canada
USA
USA
USA
UK
USA
Brazil
Brazil
Brazil
Spain
Spain
USA
USA
USA
USA
Dominican
Republic
USA
USA
USA
USA
Sweden
Germany
India
Norway
unclear
RC
RC
RC
RC
unclear
unclear
RC
university
RC
RC
RC
university
university
RC
dental clinic
university
university
university
unclear
RC
RC
university
university
unclear
unclear
unclear
1
1
1
1
unclear
1
unclear
unclear
unclear
unclear
1
unclear
1
1
1
1
unclear
1
unclear
1
1
general
general
general
general
not defined
general
general
general
medical patients
general
not defined
not defined
not defined
university and hospital staff
not defined
dental clinic patients
not defined
not defined
dental school patients
not defined
general
general
dental school patients
dental school patients
Follow-up
Duration
in months
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
unclear
unclear
dental clinic patients
7
university
RC
unclear
university
university
university
university
university
1
unclear
unclear
1
1
1
1
1
dental school students and staff
general
not defined
dental school patients
military regiment
medical school students
high school students
dental school students
9
6
6
6
6
6
6
24
Garcia-Godoy et al. 1990
Sample
Gordon et al. 1985
Grossman et al. 1989
Grossman et al. 2002
Harper et al. 1990
Hase et al. 1998
Hoffmann et al. 2001
Jayaprakash et al. 2007
Johansen et al. 1975
Kanchanakamol et al.
1995
Kocher et al. 2000
Kopczyk et al. 1991
Lang et al. 1982
Lang et al. 1998
Lindhe et al. 1993
Lucas & Lucas 1999
Mallatt et al. 2007
Mankodi et al. 1992
Mankodi et al. 2005b
Mankodi et al. 2005a
Mankodi et al. 2011
Mateu et al. 2008
Mauriello & Bader 1988
McClanahan et al. 1997
Thailand
university
1
general
6
Germany
USA
Switzerland
Switzerland
unclear
Argentina
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
Spain
USA
USA
university
university
university
unclear
unclear
unclear
RC
RC
RC
RC
RC
RC
university
unclear
1
1
unclear
unclear
unclear
unclear
1
1
1
1
1
unclear
unclear
1
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
9
Mengel et al. 1996
Germany
university
1
Overholser et al. 1990
Palomo et al. 1994
Paraskevas et al. 2004
Paraskevas et al. 2005
Perlich et al. 1995
Pradeep et al. 2012b
Pradeep et al. 2012a
Rathe et al. 2007
Renvert & Birkhed 1995
Sanz et al. 1994
USA
Guatemala
Netherlands
Netherlands
USA
India
India
Germany
Sweden
Spain
unclear
unclear
university
university
RC
university
university
university
university
university
unclear
unclear
1
22
1
1
1
1
1
1
dental school patients
dental school patients
school students
company employees
not defined
dental school students
general
general
not defined
not defined
general
general
dental school patients
general
dental school patients, students
and staff
not defined
general
dental school patients
dental clinic patients
general
dental school patients
dental school patients
dental school patients
university students
dental school patients
9
6
6
24
6
9
6
6
6
6
6
Schaeken et al. 1996
Schiff et al. 2006
Schiffner et al. 2007
Sgan-Cohen et al. 1996
Shapira et al. 1999
Sharma et al. 2002
Sharma et al. 2004
Sharma et al. 2010
Spets-Happonen et al.
1991
Spolsky & Forsythe 1977
Sreenivasan et al. 2011
Stephen et al. 1990
Stookey et al. 2005
Svatun et al. 1987
Svatun et al. 1990
Svatun et al. 1993b
Svatun et al. 1993a
Triratana et al. 1993
Triratana et al. 1995
Triratana et al. 2002
Van Leeuwen et al. 2014
Weatherford et al. 1977
Williams et al. 1998
Winston et al. 2002
Wolff et al. 1989
Worthington et al. 1993
Netherlands
USA
Germany
Israel
Israel
USA
USA
Canada
university
university
university
university
university
RC
RC
university
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
students
general
senior subjects
school students
kibbutzs
not defined
not defined
not defined
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Finland
university
1
school students
33
USA
Israel
UK
USA
Norway
Norway
Norway
Norway
Thailand
Thailand
Thailand
Netherlands
USA
USA
USA
USA
UK
dental clinic
university
university
university
unclear
unclear
unclear
unclear
university
university
university
unclear
RC
university
university
company
university
1
1
1
1
1
unclear
unclear
unclear
unclear
1
1
1
unclear
1
unclear
1
1
6
6
6
6
7
6
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
18
6
Yates et al. 1993
UK
university
1
Zimmermann et al. 1993
Germany
university
1
university employees
kibbutzs
not defined
not defined
nurses students
not defined
general
general
general
general
general
non-dentistry students
not defined
general
dental school patients
company employees
dental clinic patients
university and hospital
employees
dental school patients and
students
RC, Research Company.
6
7
Table S2. Study characteristics: periodontal status as defined by the inclusion criteria.
1st author
Allen et al. 1998
Allen et al. 2002
Ayad et al. 1995
Plaque
PI≥1
Q-H ≥1.5
NR
Gingivitis
GI≥1.5
modLS≥1.0
NR
Previous treatments
NR
NR
NR
MGI≥1.75
Periodontitis
NR
NR
NR
no advanced
periodontitis
NR
Ayad et al. 2011
PI≥1
GI≥1.5
Bauroth et al. 2003
Beiswanger et al.
1995
Beiswanger et al.
1997
Bolden et al. 1992
PI≥1.95
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
≥5 sites BOP
NR
NR
PI≥1
GI≥1.5
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
In SPT, basic and advanced
periodontal treatment at least 6
month before entering the trial
Bruhn et al. 2002
Charles et al. 2001
PI≥1.75
MGI≥1.75
Charles et al. 2004
Charles et al. 2013
Chaves et al. 1994
Claydon et al. 1996
Coelho et al. 2000
Cortelli et al. 2012
Cortelli et al. 2013
Cortelli et al. 2014
Costa et al. 2013
Cubells et al. 1991
Deasy et al. 1991
Denepitiya et al.
1992
DePaola et al. 1989
Flemmig et al. 1990
Garcia-Godoy et al.
1990
PI≥1.95
PI≥1.95
NR
NR
PI≥1.95
PI≥1.95
PI≥1.95
PI≥1.95
NR
Q-H ≥1.5
PI≥1
GI≥0.95
MGI≥1.75
30% BOP
25% BOP
MGI≥1.75
MGI≥1.75
MGI≥1.75
MGI≥1.75
40% BOMP
modLS≥1.0
GI≥1.5
no moderate or
advanced periodontitis
NR
NR
≤4 sites PPD>6mm
≤4 sites PPD>4mm
NR
NR
NR
NR
no sites PPD>4mm
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
PI≥1.95
NR
GI≥1.95
≥6 sites BOP
NR
PPD≤4mm
NR
NR
PI≥1.5
GI≥1.0
NR
NR
Gordon et al. 1985
PI≥1.8
GI≥2.0
1
≥1 site BOP
NR
≥5 site BOP
Grossman et al.
1989
Grossman et al.
2002
Harper et al. 1990
Hase et al. 1998
Hoffmann et al.
2001
Jayaprakash et al.
2007
Johansen et al.
1975
Kanchanakamol et
al. 1995
Kocher et al. 2000
Kopczyk et al. 1991
Lang et al. 1982
Lang et al. 1998
Lindhe et al. 1993
Lucas & Lucas 1999
Mallatt et al. 2007
Mankodi et al. 1992
Mankodi et al.
2005b
Mankodi et al.
2005a
Mankodi et al. 2011
Mateu et al. 2008
Mauriello & Bader
existing
plaque
NR
no destructive
periodontal disease
no overt periodontal
disease
no severe gingivitis or
periodontitis
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
≥20% BOP
NR
NR
25% BOP
≤4 sites PPD>4mm
NR
GI<1.5
no periodontitis
NR
NR
NR
no history of EOP or
ANUG
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
PI≥1.5
GI≥1.0
PI≥1.5
PI≥2
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
PI≥1
PBI≥2
50% BOP
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
GI<1.5
no advanced
periodontitis
NR
no periodontitis
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
PI≥1
NR
NR
GI>1.5
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
1988
McClanahan et al.
1997
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
chronic gingivitis or
early signs of
periodontitis
PPD≤ 5mm; no II-III
tooth mobility
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
In SPT, <5 sites with
PPD≥5mm
NR
SPT at regular intervals of 3–4
months for at least a period of 1
year
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
GI≥1.0
NR
no history of periodontal
therapy
PI≥2
NR
NR
GI≥1.0
NR
gingivitis
NR
GI>0.7
NR
PPD≤3mm, CAL=0, no Rx
bone loss
PPD≤3mm, CAL=0, no Rx
bone loss
NR
≤4 sites PPD≥5mm, no
Rx bone loss
no PPD>4mm
NR
mild chronic gingivitis
no PPD>3mm
NR
PI≥1.5
GI≥1.0
no advanced
periodontitis
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
≥8sites BOP
NR
Sharma et al. 2002
PI≥1.95
MGI≥1.75
Sharma et al. 2004
Sharma et al. 2010
Spets-Happonen et
al. 1991
Spolsky & Forsythe
1977
PI≥1.95
PI≥1.95
MGI≥1.75
MGI≥1.75
NR
no moderate or
advanced periodontitis
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
PMA=0.8
Sreenivasan et al.
2011
NR
NR
Stephen et al. 1990
NR
mild gingivitis
Stookey et al. 2005
PI≥3.0
GI≥0.5, ≥10sites BOP
Svatun et al. 1987
NR
Svatun et al. 1990
NR
Svatun et al. 1993b
NR
Svatun et al. 1993a
NR
Mengel et al. 1996
Overholser et al.
1990
Palomo et al. 1994
Paraskevas et al.
2004
Paraskevas et al.
2005
Perlich et al. 1995
Pradeep et al.
2012b
Pradeep et al.
2012a
Rathe et al. 2007
Renvert & Birkhed
1995
Sanz et al. 1994
Schaeken et al.
1996
Schiff et al. 2006
Schiffner et al.
2007
Sgan-Cohen et al.
1996
Shapira et al. 1999
Triratana et al.
1993
Triratana et al.
1995
Triratana et al.
2002
Van Leeuwen et al.
2014
Weatherford et al.
1977
PI≥1.5
mild to moderate
gingivitis
NR
mild to moderate
gingivitis
mild to moderate
gingivitis
GI≥1.0
PI≥1.5
GI≥1.0
NR
GI≥1.0
NR
NR
NR
NR
no advanced
periodontitis
no generalized moderate
to severe chronic
periodontitis
no PPD >3.5mm
no obvious periodontal
disease
NR
not provided
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
no PPD >3.5mm
NR
NR
NR
no PPD >4mm
NR
no PPD >4mm
NR
NR
NR
no advanced
periodontitis
no advanced
periodontitis
no PPD 4-5mm &
Recession or PPD≥6mm
NR
Williams et al. 1998
modPI≥1.5
modGI≥1.0
Winston et al. 2002
Wolff et al. 1989
Worthington et al.
1993
NR
NR
NR
NR
no advanced
periodontitis
NR
NR
PI≥1.5
GI≥1.0
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Yates et al. 1993
Zimmermann et al.
1993
NR
GI≥0.5 (six teeth)
NR
NR
NR
chronic gingivitis
PPD<5mm
NR
NR, not reported; PI, plaque index; Q-H, Quigley-Hein plaque index; LS, Löe-Silness; GI,
gingival index; MGI, modified gingival index; mod, modified; PMA, papillary marginal
attached gingival index ; BOP, bleeding on probing; BOMP, bleeding on marginal
probing; mod, modified; PPD, probing pocket depth; CAL, clinical attachment level;
SPT, supportive periodontal therapy; EOP, early onset periodontitis; ANUG, acute
necrotising ulcerative gingivitis; Rx, radiographic
Table S3. Interventions (dentifrices): description of the products tested, including main
active ingredients and brand name, together with the provided instructions.
reference
1st author
year
aloe
Pradeep
2012
a
AmF/SnF
Sgan-Cohen
1996
control
main
brand or
ingredients
company
LB Aroma and
no antiHealth Care,
inflammatory
Mumbai,
properties
India
NaF toothpaste
NA
AmF/SnF
Shapira
1999
NaF toothpaste
baking
soda
Beiswanger
1997
CHX
Rathe
2007
group
AmF & SnF
NA
AmF & SnF
Meridol
NaF toothpaste
regular Crest
®
baking soda,
hydrogen peroxide,
0.243% NaF
Mentadent
Baking
soda and
Peroxide
brush normally
at least 2/d
144 ppm F
toothpaste
NA
0.05% CHX, 0.8%
aluminium lactate,
1400 F
Lacalut
brush 2/d
NA
conventional
abrasive, 0.4% CHX
NA
brush 2/d with
1g toothpaste
NA
non-abrasive paste,
0.4% CHX
NA
brush 2/d with
1g toothpaste
NA
conventional
abrasive paste,
1.0% CHX
NA
brush 2/d with
1g toothpaste
1994
gum care
toothpaste/plac
ebo rinse
Blen-amed/NA rinse
0.4% CHX, 0.34%
zinc lactate, 1450
ppm NaF/placebo
mouthrinse
NA
brush & rinse
2/d
SmithKline
Beecham
1% CHX
SmithKline
Beecham
Johansen
1975
CHX
Johansen
1975
CHX
Johansen
1975
Sanz
instructions
brand or
company
Aloe Plus
LB Aroma
and Health
Care
Meridol
CHX
CHX
test
conventional
abrasive
toothpaste (no
CHX)
non-abrasive
toothpaste (no
CHX)
conventional
abrasive
toothpaste (no
CHX)
main ingredients
aloe vera
CHX
Yates
1993
toothpaste (no
CHX-NaF)
CHX
Yates
1993
toothpaste (no
CHX-NaF)
SmithKline
Beecham
1% CHX, 1000 ppm
NaF
SmithKline
Beecham
CHX
Pradeep
2012
b
placebo gel
NA
1% CHX
NA
EEOO
Coelho
2000
vehicle control
toothpaste
NA
essential oils
Pfizer
NA
0.22% NaF,
glycerine base
NaF
Wolff
1989
F-free glycerine
gel
pyro
Winston
2002
NaF toothpaste
Crest Regular
sanguinari
ne
Mauriello
1988
toothpaste (no
sanguinarina
extract)
NA
SnF
Beiswanger
1995
NaF toothpaste
NA
SnF
Beiswanger
1995
NaF toothpaste
NA
SnF
Beiswanger
1997
NaF toothpaste
regular Crest
Crest Ultra (without
tric)
750 mcg/g
sanguinarine
extract
0.454% SnF, 1.5%
SnCl, 2.08% sodium
gluconate
0.454% SnF, 1.5%
SnCl, 4.16% sodium
gluconate
0.454% SnF
NR
NR
brush 2/d with
1cm
toothpaste,
rinse 30s with
slurry
brush 2/d,
1min, with
length-head
toothpaste
brush 2/d,
1min, with
length-head
toothpaste
use pea size
amount for
5min
brush 2/d,
1min
NA
2/d, after
toothbrushing,
brush again for
1min
not
commercial
ad libitum
NA
brush at least
2/d
NA
ad libitum
NA
ad libitum
Crest Plus
Gum Care
brush normally
at least 2/d
SnF
McClanaha
n
1997
NaF toothpaste
Colgate Gum
Protection
0.454% SnF, silica
Crest Plus
Gum Care
SnF
Perlich
1995
NaF toothpaste
NA
0.454% SnF
NA
SnF
Wolff
1989
F-free glycerine
gel
NA
0.4% SnF, glycerine
NA
0.454% SnF, SHMP
Crest ProHealth
brush 2/d,
1min
0.454% SnF, SHMP
NA
brush 2/d,
1min
0.3% tric, 2%
copolymer, 0.243%
NaF, silica
0.3% tric, 2%
copolymer, 0.243%
NaF, silica
Colgate
Total Fresh
Stripe
brush 2/d,
1min
Colgate
Total
brush 2/d,
1min
Colgate
Total/contr
ol rinse
2/d, brush
1min, rinse
30sec
Colgate
Total
brush 2/d,
1min
Colgate
Total
brush 2/d,
1min
Colgate
Total
brush 2/d,
1min
Colgate
Total
brush 2/d,
1min
Colgate
Total
brush 2/d,
1min
Colgate
Total
NR
Colgate
Total
brush 2/d,
1min, with
length-head
toothpaste
Colgate
Total
brush 2/d,
1min
Colgate
Total
brush 2/d,
1min
Colgate
Total
Advanced
brush 2/d,
1min
Colgate
Total
brush at least
2/d, 1min
Colgate
Gum
Protection
brush 2/d,
1min
NR
Aquafresh
Triple
Protection
(GSK)
Colgate Cavity
Protections
SnF/SHMP
Mallat
2007
NaMFP
toothpaste
SnF/SHMP
Mankodi
2005
a
MFP toothpaste
tric/cop
Allen
2002
NaF toothpaste
NA
tric/cop
Bolden
1992
NaF toothpaste
NA
tric/cop
Charles
2001
MFP
toothpaste/cont
rol rinse
Colgate
MFP/control
rinse
tric/cop
Cubells
1991
NaF toothpaste
NA
tric/cop
Deasy
1991
NaF toothpaste
NA
tric/cop
Denepitiya
1992
NaF toothpaste
NA
tric/cop
GarcíaGodoy
1990
NaF toothpaste
NA
tric/cop
Kanchanak
amol
1995
customary
dentifrice
NA
tric/cop
Kocher
2000
NaF toothpaste
NA
tric&copolymer/co
ntrol rinse
0.3% tric, 2%
copolymer, 0.243%
NaF, silica
0.3% tric, 2%
copolymer, 0.243%
NaF, silica
0.3% tric, 2%
copolymer, 0.243%
NaF, silica
0.3% tric, 2%
copolymer, 0.243%
NaF, silica
0.3% tric, 2%
copolymer, 0.243%
NaF, silica
0.3% tric, 2%
copolymer, 0.243%
NaF, silica
0.3% tric, 2%
copolymer, 0.243%
NaF, silica
tric/cop
Lindhe
1993
NaF toothpaste
NA
tric/cop
Mankodi
1992
NaF toothpaste
NA
tric/cop
Mankodi
2011
NaF toothpaste
NA
tric/cop
Mateu
2008
NaF toothpaste
Crest Cavity
Protection
tric/cop
McClanaha
n
1997
NaF toothpaste
Colgate Gum
Protection
Formula
tric/cop
Palomo
1994
NaF toothpaste
NA
Pradeep
2012
a
no antiinflammatory
properties
LB Aroma and
Health Care,
Mumbai,
India
tric, polymer,
fluoride
LB Aroma
and Health
Care
Colgate
paradent
Colgate
Total
tric/cop
0.3% tric, 2%
copolymer, 0.243%
NaF, silica
0.3% tric, 2%
copolymer, 0.243%
NaF, special silica
0.3% tric, 2%
copolymer, 0.243%
NaF, 17% silica
0.3% tric, 2%
copolymer, 0.243%
NaF, silica
0.3% tric, 2%
copolymer, 0.243%
NaF, silica
tric/cop
Renvert
1995
MFP toothpaste
Dentosal AB
0.3% tric, 2%
copolymer, SLS
tric/cop
Schiff
2006
NaF toothpaste
& flossing
Crest ®
0.3% tric, 2%
copolymer, 0.243%
brush at least
2/d, 1min
brush at least
2/d, 1min
2/d, after
toothbrushing,
brush again for
1 min
brush 2/d with
1.5 cm of
toothpaste for
each jaw
brush 2/d,
1min, with
NaF, silica
tric/cop
Sreenivasa
n
2011
F- toothpaste
NA
tric/cop
Svatum
1993
a
Mentadent (no
tric, ZnCit)
NA
tric/cop
Triratana
1993
NaF toothpaste
NA
tric/cop
Winston
2002
NaF toothpaste
Crest Regular
0.3% tric, 2%
copolymer, 0.243%
NaF, silica
0.3% tric, 2%
copolymer, 0.243%
NaF, silica
0.3% tric, 2%
copolymer, 0.243%
NaF, silica
0.3% tric, 2%
copolymer, 0.243%
NaF, silica
0.3% tric, 2%
copolymer, 0.243%
NaF, silica &
flossing
lenght-head
toothpaste
NA
brush 2/d
Colgate
Gum
Protection
brush 2/d
Colgate
Total
brush 2/d,
1min
Colgate
Total
ad libitum
Colgate
total
brush 2/d,
1min, with
length-head
toothpaste
tric/cop &
floss
Schiff
2006
NaF toothpaste
Crest
tric/cop
Allen
2002
NaF toothpaste
NA
tric/cop
Triratana
2002
NaF liquid
toothpaste
NA
tric/EEOO
Bruhn
2002
MFP toothpaste
Rot-Weiss
(Dental
Kosmetik)
0.3% tric, 1450 ppm
NaF, Essencial Oils
tric/pyro
Grossman
2002
NaF toothpaste
Crest Regular
0.28% tric, 5.0%
pyro, 0.243% NaF
NA
brush 2/d,
1min
NA
0.3% tric, 5.0%
pyro, 0.32% NaF,
alumina
Neo
Mentadent
-P (Elida
Gibbs)
brush 2/d,
1min
0.3% tric, 5.0%
pyro, SLS
Dentosal
Friskt
brush 2/d with
1.5 cm of
toothpaste for
each jaw
Crest Ultra
Protection
brush 2/d
Crest Ultra
ad libitum
Crest Gum
Health
Formula
(P&G)
brush 2/d,
1min
Pepsodent
brush 2/d wiht
1.5 cm of
toothpaste for
each jaw
NA
NR
NA
NR
UK
Mentadent
brush 2/d
UK
Mentadent
brush 2/d
Sturge &
Ciba
NR
NA
NR
tric/pyro
Palomo
1994
NaF toothpaste
tric/pyro
Renvert
1995
MFP toothpaste
Dentosal AB
tric/pyro
Svatum
1993
a
Mentadent (no
tric, ZnCit)
NA
tric/pyro
Winston
2002
NaF toothpaste
Crest Regular
tric/ZnCit
Palomo
1994
NaF toothpaste
MFP toothpaste
0.3% tric, 5.0%
pyro, 0.32% NaF,
silica
0.28% tric,
5.0%pyro,
0.243%NaF
NA
0.3% tric, 0.5%
ZnCit, 0.85%
NaMFP, alumina
Dentosal AB
0.2% tric, 0.2%
ZnCit, 0.5% SLS
tric/ZnCit
Renvert
1995
tric/ZnCit
Stephen
1990
tric/ZnCit
Svatum
1987
tric/ZnCit
Svatum
1993
b
toothpaste (no
tric, ZnCit)
NA
tric/ZnCit
Svatum
1993
a
Mentadent (no
tric, ZnCit)
NA
tric/ZnCit
Svatun
1990
toothpaste (no
tric, ZnCit)
NA
ZnCit
Williams
1998
MFP toothpaste
NA
toothpaste (no
tric, ZnCit)
toothpaste (no
tric, ZnCit)
0.3% tric, 2%
copolymer, 0.243%
NaF, special silica
0.3% tric, 2%
copolymer, 0.243%
NaF, silica
NA
NA
0.2% tric, 0.5%
ZnCit
0.2% tric, 1% ZnCit,
MFP, alumina
0.3% tric, 0.75%
ZnCit, 0.8% MFP,
silica
0.3% tric, 0.75%
ZnCit, 0.8% MFP,
silica
0.2% tric, 0.5%
ZnCit, MFP
detergent, alumina
2%ZnCit, 0.76%MFP
NA, not available. For other acronyms, see Table 2d.
Colgate
Total Plus
Whitening
Colgate
Total Liquid
Toothpaste
Verum
(Dental
Kosmetik)
brush 2/d,
1min
brush 2/d,
1min
brush normally
Table S4. Interventions (mouthrinses): description of the products tested, including
main active ingredients and brand name, together with the provided instructions.
reference
test group
control
test
1st author
year
main ingredients
main ingredients
alexidine
alexidine
Spolsky
Weatherford
1977
1977
no alexidine
placebo
0.035%alexidine
0.035%alexidine
brand or
company
NA
NA
AmF/SnF
Hoffmann
2001
water
AmF & SnF
Meridol
AmF/SnF
AmF/SnF
AmF/SnF
LC-CHX
Schiffner
Schiffner
Zimmerman
Jayaprakash
SpetsHapponen
2007
2007
1993
2007
no intervention
OHI
only flavour, GABA
placebo
AmF & SnF
AmF & SnF
AmF & SnF
0.05%CHX
Meridol
Meridol
Meridol
NA
1991
no intervention
0.05%CHX
NA
Jayaprakash
2007
placebo
1991
no intervention
1991
no intervention
LC-CHX
LC-CHX
LC-CHX
LC-CHX
SpetsHapponen
SpetsHapponen
0.05%CHX,
0.05%NaF
0.05%CHX,
0.04%NaF
0.05% CHX,
0.04%NaF, strontium
NA
NA
NA
LC-CHX
Hoffmann
2001
water
0.06%CHX
Corsodyl
LC-CHX
Hoffmann
2001
water
0.06%CHX, NaF
Odol med3
Depot
HC-CHX
Hoffmann
2001
water
0.1%CHX
Chlorhexamed
HC-CHX
Lang
1982
placebo
0.1%CHX
NA
HC-CHX
Charles
2004
5% hydro-alcohol
0.12%CHX
Peridex
HC-CHX
Chaves
1994
no rinsing
0.12%CHX
Peridex
HC-CHX
Flemmig
1990
no rinsing
0.12%CHX
Peridex
HC-CHX
Grossman
1989
placebo
0.12%CHX
HC-CHX
Lucas
1999
placebo
0.12%CHX
Peridex
Microsules
Bernabo
LaboratoriesBuenos Aires
HC-CHX
Overholser
1990
5% hydro-alcohol
0.12%CHX
HC-CHX
Sanz
1994
HC-CHX
Stookey
2005
alantoin, urea,
NaMFP dentifrice;
0.12%CHX rinse
0.12%CHX
HC-CHX
Hase
1998
alantoin, urea,
NaMFP dentifrice;
placebo rinse
placebo
minus active
placebo
HC-CHX
Lang
1982
HC-CHX
Lang
HC-CHX
dosage,
instructions
2/d, 15mL, 60s
2/d, 15mL, 60s
control: 2/d,
100mL, 30s; test:
1/d, 10mL, 30s
test, 1/d, 30s
test, 1/d, 30s
1/d, 10mL, 30s
1/d, 10mL
test, 2/d, 5mL, 5d
every third week
1/d, 10mL
test: 2/d, 5mL, 5d
every third week
test: 2/d, 5mL, 5d
every third week
2/d, 10mL, 30s;
control, 100mL
2/d, 10mL, 30s;
control, 100mL
2/d, 15mL, 30s;
control, 100mL
1/d, 15mL, 30s,
6/week
2/d, 15mL, 30s;
control, 20mL
control, brushing;
test, 2/d
control: no rinse;
test: 2/d, 15mL,
30s
15mL, 30sec
2/d, 10mL
Peridex
2/d, 15mL, 30s;
control, 20mL
Blend-a-med /
Peridex
2/d brush & rinse
NA
2/d, 15mL, 30s
0.2%CHX
Hibitane Dental
2/d, 10mL, 60s
placebo
0.2%CHX
NA
1/d, 15mL, 30s,
6/week
1998
minus active
placebo
0.2%CHX
Hibitane Dental
2/d, 10mL, 60s
Lang
1982
placebo
0.2%CHX
NA
control: 1/d, 15mL,
30s, 6/week; test:
2/week
LC-CPC
Allen
1998
no CPC rinse
0.05%CPC
LC-CPC
Cortelli
2012
5% hydro-alcohol
0.05%CPC
LC-CPC
Sharma
2010
hydro-alcohol
LC-CPC
Cortelli
2013
5% hydro-alcohol
HC-CPC
Cortelli
2014
HC-CPC
Costa
2013
HC-CPC
Mankodi
2005b
5% hydro-alcohol
coloured salinebased
placebo, no alcohol
0.05%CPC
0.05%CPC, no
alcohol
0.07%CPC
0.07%CPC, no
alcohol
0.07%CPC, no
Colgate noncommercial
Colgate Plax
Overnight
Colgate Plax
Colgate Plax
Pro-Saude Oral B
Vitis Xtra Forte,
Dentaid
Crest Pro-Health
2/d, 15mL, 30s
2/d, 20mL, 30s
2/d, 20mL, 60s
2/d, 20mL, 60s;
control: 30s
2/d, 20mL, 30s
3/d, 15mL, 30s
2/d, 20mL, 30s
alcohol
HC-CPC
van Leeuwen
2014
minus active
placebo
HC-CPC
Ayad
2011
0.05% NaF no
alcohol, Colgate
0.075%CPC,
0.05%NaF, no
alcohol
Colgate
2/d, 20mL, 30s
HC-CPC
Stookey
2005
placebo
0.075%CPC
NA
2/d, 15mL, 30s
HC-CPC
Stookey
2005
0.10%CPC
NA
2/d, 15mL, 30s
delmopinol
Claydon
1996
0.1% delmopinol
NA
60s
delmopinol
Claydon
1996
0.2% delmopinol
NA
60s
delmopinol
Hase
1998
placebo
minus active
placebo
minus active
placebo
minus active
placebo
0.2% delmopinol,
sodium hydroxide
Decapinol
2/d, 10mL, 60s
delmopinol
Lang
1998
minus active
placebo
0.2% delmopinol,
sodium hydroxide
EEOO
Bauroth
2003
5% hydro-alcohol
EEOO
EEOO
Beiswanger
1997
NaF dentifrice,
Regular Crest
NaF dentifrice /
EEOO rinse
EEOO
Charles
2001
EEOO
EEOO
EEOO
Charles
Charles
Cortelli
2004
2013
2012
Colgate MFP
dentifrice / 5%
hydro-alcohol rinse
5% hydro-alcohol
5% hydro-alcohol
5% hydro-alcohol
Colgate MFP
dentifrice / EEOO
rinse
EEOO
EEOO
EEOO, ZnCl, NaF
EEOO
Cortelli
2014
5% hydro-alcohol
EEOO
EEOO
DePaola
1989
EEOO
EEOO
Gordon
1985
EEOO
Listerine
EEOO
Grossman
1989
EEOO
Listerine
EEOO
EEOO
Overholser
Sharma
1990
2002
EEOO
EEOO
Listerine
Listerine
20mL, 30s; control:
15mL
2/d, 20mL, 30s
2/d, 20mL, 30s
EEOO
Sharma
2004
EEOO, brush, floss
Listerine
2/d, 20mL, 30s
EEOO
EEOO/noALc
Sharma
Cortelli
2010
2013
EEOO
EEOO, no alcohol
Listerine
Listerine Zero
sanguinarine
Grossman
1989
5% hydro-alcohol
minus active
placebo
minus active
placebo
5% hydro-alcohol
5% hydro-alcohol
5% hydro-alcohol,
brush, floss
hydro-alcohol
5% hydro-alcohol
minus active
placebo
Decapinol,
Biosurface
Pharma
Cool Mint
Listerine
regular Crest /
Cool Mint
Listerine
Colgate MFP
dentifrice /
Listerine
Listerine
NA
Listerine Total
Cool Mint
Listerine
Listerine
sanguinarine
Viadent
2/d, 20mL, 30s
2/d, 20mL, 30s
15mL, 15s, 2
consecutive rinses
tric/cop
Ayad
1995
0.025% NaF
tric/cop
Triratana
1995
flavored/colored
water placebo
tric/cop
Worthington
1993
0.025% NaF
tric/ZnS
Schaeken
1996
fluoride rinse, Signal
tric/ZnS
Schaeken
1996
fluoride rinse, Signal
0.07%CPC
Vitis Xtra Forte,
Dentaid
3/d, 15mL, 30s
0.03% tric, 0.125%
copolymer, 0.025%
NaF
0.03% tric, 0.123%
copolymer
0.03% tric, 0.125%
copolymer, 0.025%
NaF
0.15% tric, 0.4% zinc
sulphate, ethanol
15, humectant 40
0.15% tric, 0.4% zinc
sulphate, ethanol
7.5, humectant 20
NA, not available. For other acronyms, see Table 2d.
2/d, 10mL, 60s
2/d, 20mL, 30s
control: brushing;
test; 2/d, 20mL,
30s
2/d, 20mL, 30s
2/d, 20mL, 30s
2/d, 20mL, 30s
2/d, 20mL, 30s
2/d, 20mL, 30s
2/d, 20mL, 30s
2/d, 20mL, 30s
Irgacare MP,
Ciba-Geigy Corp
pre-brush 2/d, 15
mL, 60s
Colgate Plax
2/d, 10mL, 60s
Colgate Plax
2/d, 15mL, 60s
NA
2/d, 10mL
NA
2/d, 10mL
Table S5. Interventions (dentifrice and mouthrinse): description of the products tested,
including main active ingredients and brand name, together with the provided
instructions.
references
group
control
1st author
year
main ingredients
AmF/SnF
Mengel
1996
AmF/SnF
Paraskevas
2004
AmF/SnF
Paraskevas
2005
AmF/SnF
Mengel
1996
sanguinarine
Harper
1990
minus active
placebos
NaF toothpaste /
NaF mouthrinse
F toothpaste / F
mouthrinse
NaF toothpaste
(Everclean Fluor,
Hema)
F toothpaste / F
mouthrinse
sanguinarine
Kopczyk
1991
minus active
placebos
sanguinarine
Kopczyk
1991
minus active
placebos
test
instructions
main ingredients
brand or
company
AmF & SnF dentifrice and rinse
NA
2/d brush & rinse
(10mL, 30s)
AmF & SnF dentifrice and rinse
Meridol
NR
AmF & SnF dentifrice and rinse
Meridol
AmF & SnF dentifrice and rinse
NA
sanguinarine, 2.0% zinc chloride
dentifrice / sanguinarine rinse
Viadent
0.075% sanguinarine, 0.05%
ZnCl, 0.8% MFP, silica dentifrice
/ 0.03% sanguinarine, 0.2% ZnCl
rinse
0.075% sanguinarine, 0.05%
ZnCl, 0.8% MFP, silica dentifrice
/ 0.03% sanguinarine, 0.2% ZnCl
rinse
NR, not reported. For other acronyms, see Table 2.
2/d brush (2min);
test also: 1/d rinse
(10mL, 30s)
2/d brush & 1/d
rinse (10mL, 30s)
2/d brush (usual) &
2/d rinse (15mL,
60s)
NA
2/d brush (1min) &
2/d rinse (15mL,
60s)
NA
2/d brush (1min) &
2/d rinse (15mL,
60s)
Table S6. Evaluation of the risk of bias in individual studies, as suggested by the
Cochrane reviewers’ handbook: other potential sources of bias.
reference
other potential sources of bias
1st author
funding
authors
independency
other factors
Allen et al. 1998
Allen et al. 2002
Ayad et al. 1995
Ayad et al. 2011
Bauroth et al. 2003
Beiswanger et al. 1995
Beiswanger et al. 1997
Bolden et al. 1992
Bruhn et al. 2002
Charles et al. 2001
Charles et al. 2004
Charles et al. 2013
Chaves et al. 1994
Claydon et al. 1996
Coelho et al. 2000
Cortelli et al. 2012
Cortelli et al. 2013
Cortelli et al. 2014
Costa et al. 2013
Cubells et al. 1991
Deasy et al. 1991
Denepitiya et al. 1992
DePaola et al. 1989
Flemmig et al. 1990
Garcia-Godoy et al. 1990
Gordon et al. 1985
Grossman et al. 1989
Grossman et al. 2002
Harper et al. 1990
Hase et al. 1998
Hoffmann et al. 2001
Jayaprakash et al. 2007
Johansen et al. 1975
Kanchanakamol et al. 1995
Kocher et al. 2000
Kopczyk et al. 1991
Lang et al. 1982
Lang et al. 1998
Lindhe et al. 1993
Lucas & Lucas 1999
Mallatt et al. 2007
Mankodi et al. 1992
Mankodi et al. 2005b
Mankodi et al. 2005a
Mankodi et al. 2011
Mateu et al. 2008
Mauriello & Bader 1988
McClanahan et al. 1997
Mengel et al. 1996
Overholser et al. 1990
Palomo et al. 1994
Paraskevas et al. 2004
Paraskevas et al. 2005
Perlich et al. 1995
Pradeep et al. 2012b
Pradeep et al. 2012a
Rathe et al. 2007
Renvert & Birkhed 1995
Sanz et al. 1994
Schaeken et al. 1996
industry?
industry?
industry?
industry
industry?
industry?
industry
industry
industry
industry
industry
industry?
industry
industry?
industry
industry
industry?
industry
industry
industry?
industry?
industry?
not described
industry
industry?
industry
industry
industry?
industry
industry?
not described
not described
not described
industry
industry
industry
industry
industry?
industry?
self funding
industry
industry
industry?
industry
industry
industry
not described
industry?
industry
industry
industry?
industry
industry
industry
not described
industry
industry
not described
industry?
industry?
IR, FC
PRC, IR, FC
PRC
PRC, IR, FC
PRC, FC
IR, FC
FC
PRC, IR, FC
IR
PRC, FC
PRC, FC
PRC, FC
IR
IR, FC
PRC, FC
IR, FC
IR, FC
IR, FC
IR
IR, FC
PRC, IR, FC
PRC, IR, FC
IR
IR
IR, FC
IR
PRC, IR, FC
PRC, FC
IR
IR, FC
IR
IR
IR
IR
IR, FC
IR
IR, FC
IR, FC
IR, FC
IR
PRC, IR, FC
PRC, FC
PRC, FC
PRC, FC
PRC, FC
PRC, FC
IR
IR, FC
IR
IR
IR, FC
IR
IR
PRC, FC
IR
IR
IR
IR
IR, FC
IR, FC
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
?
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
?
?
?
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✔
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
?
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
?
✗
✗
?
✗
✗
No randomisation, dropouts not explained
Dropouts not explained
Nothing to add
Exclusion of non-compliant subjects
Exclusion of non-compliant subjects
Not in meta-analyses (lacking SD at 6m)
No mouthrinse in the control group
Dropouts not explained
Not in meta-analyses (lacking SD)
Nothing to add
Brushing and rinsing at different times
Not in meta-analyses (lacking SD at baseline)
Difficulties for data extraction, also irrigation
Hawthorne effect in the control group
Nothing to add
Nothing to add
Different volumes of rinse in test groups
Unclear definition of indices
Unbalanced groups at baseline for plaque
Poor mechanical hygiene
No randomisation, unclear blinding
Nothing to add
Not in meta-analyses (lacking baseline data)
Not in meta-analyses (lacking SD at 6m)
Nothing to add
Multiple prophylaxis, low plaque levels
Not in meta-analyses (lacking SD)
Not in meta-analyses (lacking SD)
Nothing to add
Adverse effects in test groups
Staining in test group, different volumes
Not in meta-analyses (lacking SD)
Not in meta-analyses (lacking SD)
No randomisation, unclear blinding
Not in meta-analyses (lacking SD)
Side effects, unclear blinding
Not in meta-analyses (lacking SD at 6m)
Not in meta-analyses (lacking mean & SD)
Not in meta-analyses (lacking SD)
Not in meta-analyses (lacking SD)
Nothing to add
No randomisation
Nothing to add
Nothing to add
Nothing to add
Dropouts not explained
Payment for participants
Already published data of two groups
Not in meta-analyses (lacking sample size)
Supervised use
Not in meta-analyses (lacking SD)
Patients with very good hygiene
No mouthrinse in the control group
Not in meta-analyses (duplicate data)
Problems with staining
No description of products and dosages
Possible interactions among ingredients
Lack of blinding due to strong taste of placebo
Not in meta-analyses (lacking SD)
Clear increase in calculus
Schiff et al. 2006
Schiffner et al. 2007
Sgan-Cohen et al. 1996
Shapira et al. 1999
Sharma et al. 2002
Sharma et al. 2004
Sharma et al. 2010
Spets-Happonen et al. 1991
Spolsky & Forsythe 1977
Sreenivasan et al. 2011
Stephen et al. 1990
Stookey et al. 2005
Svatun et al. 1987
Svatun et al. 1990
Svatun et al. 1993b
Svatun et al. 1993a
Triratana et al. 1993
Triratana et al. 1995
Triratana et al. 2002
Van Leeuwen et al. 2014
Weatherford et al. 1977
Williams et al. 1998
Winston et al. 2002
Wolff et al. 1989
Worthington et al. 1993
Yates et al. 1993
Zimmermann et al. 1993
industry
self funding
industry
industry
industry?
industry
industry
public,industry
public
industry
industry?
industry?
industry?
industry?
industry?
industry?
industry?
industry?
industry
industry
not described
industry?
industry
public
industry
industry
industry
IR, FC
IR
IR
IR
PRC, FC
PRC, FC
PRC, FC
IR
IR
IR, FC
IR, FC
IR, FC
IR, FC
IR, FC
IR, FC
IR, FC
IR, FC
IR, FC
IR, FC
IR
IR
PRC, IR, FC
IR, FC
IR
IR, FC
IR
IR
✗
✔
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✔
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
✗
?
✗
✗
✔
✗
✗
✗
Problems of blinding
Hawthorne effect
Hawthorne effect
Hawthorne effect
Use of floss, no bleeding index data
Problems of blinding
Not in meta-analyses (lacking SD)
Not in meta-analyses (lacking sample size, SD)
Problems with staining
Unclear randomisation
Nothing to add
Lack of blinding due to tongue lesions
No numerical data provided in the paper
Unclear definition of indices
Nothing to add
Nothing to add
No prophylaxis
Hawthorne effect
Nothing to add
Low compliance with 3/d usage
Many dropouts, only Ramfjord teeth assessed
Unclear randomisation
Not in meta-analyses (lacking SD at 6m)
Not in meta-analyses (lacking SD)
Difficulties for data extraction
Dropouts and complains for staining
Nothing to add
Funding: industry (supported by a company with commercial interest in the tested
products); industry? (not clearly stated, but employees of a company are listed among
the authors); public (public funding); both (public and industry funding); self (self
funding by the research group); not described (no information provided).
Authors: PRC, Private Research Company researcher; IR, Independent Researcher
(university faculty); FC, Funding Company researcher.
SD, standard deviation.
✔, LOW risk of bias.
✗, HIGH risk of bias.
?, unclear risk of bias.
Table S7. Qualitative and reporting aspects of the included studies with regards to registration, statistics and outcome assessment.
Registration
Reference
Ethic
committee
Informed
consent
CONSORT
reported
RCT
registration
Score
Allen et al. 1998
Allen et al. 2002
Ayad et al. 1995
Ayad et al. 2011
Bauroth et al. 2003
Beiswanger et al. 1995
Beiswanger et al. 1997
Bolden et al. 1992
Bruhn et al. 2002
Charles et al. 2001
Charles et al. 2004
Charles et al. 2013
Chaves et al. 1994
Claydon et al. 1996
Coelho et al. 2000
Cortelli et al. 2012
Cortelli et al. 2013
Cortelli et al. 2014
Costa et al. 2013
Cubells et al. 1991
Deasy et al. 1991
Denepitiya et al. 1992
DePaola et al. 1989
Flemmig et al. 1990
Garcia-Godoy et al. 1990
Gordon et al. 1985
Grossman et al. 1989
Grossman et al. 2002
Harper et al. 1990
Hase et al. 1998
Hoffmann et al. 2001
Jayaprakash et al. 2007
Johansen et al. 1975
Kanchanakamol et al. 1995
Kocher et al. 2000
Kopczyk et al. 1991
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0%
25%
0%
25%
50%
0%
0%
0%
50%
25%
50%
50%
0%
25%
25%
50%
50%
50%
75%
0%
0%
25%
0%
0%
0%
0%
25%
50%
0%
50%
50%
50%
0%
25%
50%
25%
Sample size
& power
analysis
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
Statistics
Primary
statistical
test
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Outcome assessment
Type of
analysis
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
33%
33%
33%
33%
33%
67%
33%
33%
33%
67%
67%
100%
33%
67%
67%
100%
100%
100%
100%
33%
33%
0%
67%
33%
33%
67%
33%
33%
33%
67%
33%
33%
33%
33%
33%
33%
Full or
partial
mouth
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
Calibration
Info on
examiner
Number of
examiners
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
50%
50%
75%
50%
75%
25%
50%
25%
25%
75%
100%
100%
25%
25%
75%
100%
75%
50%
50%
75%
50%
50%
75%
50%
75%
50%
50%
50%
75%
100%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
75%
Lang et al. 1982
Lang et al. 1998
Lindhe et al. 1993
Lucas & Lucas 1999
Mallatt et al. 2007
Mankodi et al. 1992
Mankodi et al. 2005b
Mankodi et al. 2005a
Mankodi et al. 2011
Mateu et al. 2008
Mauriello & Bader 1988
McClanahan et al. 1997
Mengel et al. 1996
Overholser et al. 1990
Palomo et al. 1994
Paraskevas et al. 2004
Paraskevas et al. 2005
Perlich et al. 1995
Pradeep et al. 2012b
Pradeep et al. 2012a
Rathe et al. 2007
Renvert & Birkhed 1995
Sanz et al. 1994
Schaeken et al. 1996
Schiff et al. 2006
Schiffner et al. 2007
Sgan-Cohen et al. 1996
Shapira et al. 1999
Sharma et al. 2002
Sharma et al. 2004
Sharma et al. 2010
Spets-Happonen et al. 1991
Spolsky & Forsythe 1977
Sreenivasan et al. 2011
Stephen et al. 1990
Stookey et al. 2005
Svatun et al. 1987
Svatun et al. 1990
Svatun et al. 1993b
Svatun et al. 1993a
Triratana et al. 1993
1
0
0
0
1
0
?
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
50%
25%
25%
0%
50%
0%
25%
25%
25%
25%
0%
0%
25%
25%
0%
50%
50%
0%
50%
50%
50%
25%
25%
25%
25%
25%
25%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
0%
25%
0%
25%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
67%
0%
33%
33%
67%
33%
33%
33%
33%
33%
33%
33%
33%
67%
0%
33%
67%
33%
67%
67%
67%
33%
33%
33%
33%
100%
33%
33%
33%
33%
100%
33%
33%
100%
33%
33%
33%
33%
67%
67%
33%
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
50%
50%
75%
25%
25%
50%
50%
50%
75%
50%
50%
25%
25%
50%
25%
75%
50%
25%
50%
25%
25%
50%
50%
50%
25%
25%
50%
50%
50%
75%
75%
50%
50%
50%
50%
0%
25%
25%
50%
50%
75%
Triratana et al. 1995
Triratana et al. 2002
Van Leeuwen et al. 2014
Weatherford et al. 1977
Williams et al. 1998
Winston et al. 2002
Wolff et al. 1989
Worthington et al. 1993
Yates et al. 1993
Zimmermann et al. 1993
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0%
25%
75%
25%
25%
50%
0%
25%
25%
0%
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
33%
33%
67%
33%
33%
33%
33%
33%
67%
33%
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
Ethic committee, Informed consent, CONSORT adherence reported, RCT registration: 0, not reported; 1, reported.
Sample size & power analysis: 0, not done or not reported; 1, reported.
Primary statistical test: 0, not reported; 1, reported.
Type of analysis: 0, not reported or per-protocol; 1, intent-to-treat or both intent-to-treat and per-protocol
Full or partial mouth: 0, not reported or partial mouth assessment; 1, full-mouth assessment.
Calibration: 0, not reported or not performed; 1, performed and described.
Info on examiner: 0, no information available; 1, information on examiner/s skills and/or experience.
Number of examiners: 0, not reported; 1, available information.
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
50%
75%
50%
50%
50%
50%
75%
75%
100%
25%
18