HISTORY 3040
CANADA AND THE WORLD
The 1930s
Part One
Dr. Curtis Cole
January 11, 2010
Trent University in Oshawa
The 1930s: Part One
The Great Depression
The 1930s: Part One
Impact of the Depression
Social
Political
Constitutional
Administrative
Psychological
The Great Depression
The 1930s: Part One
The Dirty Thirties
The 1930s: Part One
The Dirty Thirties
The 1930s: Part One
The Roaring Twenties
The 1930s: Part One
The Roaring Twenties
The 1930s: Part One
Summer, 1929
construction down
car inventories up
freight car loadings down
industrial production down
wholesale prices down
The Roaring Twenties
The 1930s: Part One
The Crash
Oct. 21: Market sharply down
Oct. 23: Down further
Oct. 29: BLACK TUESDAY
The Roaring Twenties
The 1930s: Part One
The Crash
NY Stock Exchange Floor, Oct. 29, 1929
The 1930s: Part One
The Crash
Total Losses Oct. 1929: $16 billion
Oct. 25 – Nov. 8: down 40%
The 1930s: Part One
The Crash
Dow Jones Industrials, June 1929 – May 1933
The 1930s: Part One
Causes of the Depression:
Not the Stock Market Crash itself
Profits not passed on to producers:
labourers, farmers
Too much expansion of industrial
capacity
Markets became saturated
The 1930s: Part One
Causes of the Depression:
Government Policy:
Inequitable Tax Load Distribution
High Tariffs
Corporate Concentration
Little or No Securities Regulation
The 1930s: Part One
Impact on Canada:
Canadian Economy Heavily
Dependent on Staple Exports
1929-1923 Canadian Exports Down 60%
Protective Tariffs
US Hawley-Smoot Tariff, 1930
1929-1933 Canadian GNP down 30%
1933, Unemployment Rate: 30%
The 1930s: Part One
Impact on Canada:
1929-1933 Canadian Per Capita Income Down 48%
Saskatchewan Down 72%!
1927: Wheat >$2.00/bushel
1933: Wheat <40¢/bushel
High Fixed Debt Load
The 1930s: Part One
Impact on Canada:
The Dust Bowl
The 1930s: Part One
Impact on Canada:
1929-1933 Canadian Per Capita Income Down 48%
Saskatchewan Down 72%!
Nova Scotia Down 36%
Hardest on the Poor
Laissez-Faire
Thomas Malthus
1766-1834
The 1930s: Part One
Impact on Canada:
1929-1933 Canadian Per Capita Income Down 48%
Saskatchewan Down 72%!
Nova Scotia Down 36%
Hardest on the Poor
Laissez-Faire
Andrew Mellon
US Secretary of the Treasury
1929-1932
The 1930s: Part One
Politics in Canada:
Liberal Leader Since 1919
Prime Minister Since 1921
(except summer of 1926)
Election July 28, 1930
Budget in May
William Lyon
Mackenzie King
The 1930s: Part One
Politics in Canada:
Conservative Leader Since 1927
Higher Tariffs
Blast a Way Into The
Markets of the World
R.B. Bennett
Arthur Meighen
The 1930s: Part One
July 28, 1930 General Election Results:
Conservatives :
Liberals
:
Progressives :
137
91
12
R.B. Bennett
Prime Minister
1930-1935
The 1930s: Part One
Provincial Politics:
Manitoba:
1922-1928: United Farmers
of Manitoba
1928-1931: Progressives
1931-1940: Liberal-Progressives
John Bracken
Manitoba Premier
1922-1942
The 1930s: Part One
Provincial Politics:
British Columbia:
Conservative
Federal Minister of
Agriculture, 1919-1921
Simon Fraser Tolmie
B.C. Premier
1928-1933
The 1930s: Part One
Provincial Politics:
British Columbia:
Liberal
Tolmie’s Conservatives 3rd
Opposition: CCF
Duff Pattullo
B.C. Premier
1933-1941
The 1930s: Part One
CCF:
Cooperative Commonwealth Federation:
Founded Calgary, 1932
Regina Manifesto, 1933
Universal Health Insurance
Workers’ Compensation
Unemployment Insurance
J.S. Woodsworth
The 1930s: Part One
Provincial Politics:
Alberta:
United Farmers of Alberta,
1921-1935
Social Credit, 1935-1971
William Aberhart
Alberta Premier
1935-1943
The 1930s: Part One
Provincial Politics:
Ontario:
George S. Henry
Ontario Premier
1930-1934
The 1930s: Part One
Provincial Politics:
Ontario:
Mitch Hepburn
Ontario Premier
1934-1942
The 1930s: Part One
Provincial Politics:
Quebec:
Union Nationale
Maurice Duplessis
Quebec Premier
1936-39, 1944-59
The 1930s: Part One
Bennett’s Government:
1935 Bennett Buggie
R.B. Bennett
Prime Minister
1930-1935
The 1930s: Part One
Bennett’s Government:
Sept. 1930:
3 measures
Tariff Increase
Anti-Dumping Regulations
Public Works Programs
R.B. Bennett
Prime Minister
1930-1935
The 1930s: Part One
The United States:
The New Deal
Economic Pump-Priming
Government Regulation
FDR Re-elected 1936,
1940, 1944 (died April, 1945)
Franklin D. Roosevelt
US President
1933-1945
The 1930s: Part One
Bennett’s Government:
1935: The Little New Deal
Political Desperation
W.D. Herridge
R.B. Bennett
Prime Minister
1930-1935
The 1930s: Part One
Oct. 23, 1935 General Election Results:
Conservatives : 40 (1930: 137)
Liberals
: 171 (1930: 91)
CCF
: 7
R.B. Bennett
Prime Minister
1930-1935
The 1930s: Part One
Oct. 23, 1935 General Election Results:
Conservatives : 40 (1930: 137)
Liberals
: 171 (1930: 91)
CCF
: 7
William Lyon
Mackenzie King
Prime Minister
1921-26, 1926-30, 1935-48
HISTORY 304 0
CANADA AND THE WORLD
NEXT CLASS
The 1930s
Part Two
Reading:
Stacey, vol. II, pp. 194-269
NOTE:
Next Class (Jan. 18) Starts at 7:45pm