Essential Question:
EQ: In what ways do fungi impact humans?
LT: Students will be able to identify basic characteristics
of fungi (reproduction, energy sources, and impact on
humans)
POU:
• I can define and describe fungi
• I can explain how fungi reproduce
• I can list ways in which fungi are helpful and
harmful
• I can review what I have learned about viruses &
bacteria.
F & R for Tuesday, 11/18
*Place on last page of Notebook*
1.
What are two things that make fungi
unique?
Voice Level “0”
Expectations
Microbes Vocab
4
1. Microbe - – any organism or near life form that cannot be seen with the naked eye
2. Virus- A tiny non-living particle that enters and reproduces inside a living cell. They are
composed on nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and a protein coat.
3. Host – organism that provides energy (Example: human, dog, tomato)
4. Parasite an organism that is living on or in a host cell that causes harm to the host
5.Bacteria- single-celled organisms organisms that lack a nucleus, prokaryotic
6. Prokaryotic-organism that lacks a nucleus (has DNA) and other cell structures
7. Fungi- a eukaryotic organism that has cell walls, use spores to
reproduce, and is a heterotroph that feeds by absorbing its food.
8. Eukaryotic – has true nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Frayer on 4 Words Due Friday
What type of mushroom likes
to party?
A “ Fungi”
2nd Quarter Table of Contents
Title
1
Assignment #
Microbe Vocab - Frayer on Back
Brainpop: Virus (Front) and Bacteria(Back)
Bacteria Growth Lab (2 pages)
Bacteria Notes
Virus vs Bacteria Venn
Brainpop: Fungi
Fungi Notes
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Fungi Notes
Fungi


More then 50,000 species belong to this
kingdom.
When you eat mushrooms, bread made
with yeast, you are eating fungi.
Fungi
Fungi-Eukaryotic, non-photosynthetic (can
not use photosynthesis) organisms.
Eukaryotic means it has a true nucleus &
membrane bound organelles


Most are multi cellular heterotrophs
Heterotroph means cannot make their
own food like plants.
Growth Conditions

They prefer moist warm places

But they can grow in the coldest and
hottest places on Earth.

Live in water, soil, in or on other
organism including humans.
Structure of Fungi

Grow by producing fine tubelike threads
called hyphae.

Hyphae extends to soil or material they
feed on.

A mass of hyphae is called mycelium –
usually looks white and fuzzy.
Fungi are made of hyphae
(cells joined in thread-like strands)
Reproduction:

They reproduce both sexually (produce
spores) and asexually (budding).
Asexual

•
Asexual reproduction –
offspring arise from a
single parent
Asexual method is used
when environmental
conditions are good so
they spread rapidly.
Asexual reproduction
Which other
organism uses
this method?
Sexual


Sexual reproduction – creation
of a new organism by
combining genetic material
from two organisms
When environment is under
stress, sexual reproduction
ensures genetic variation. So
offspring will be suited for
environment.
Mushrooms are for sexual
reproduction. They produce spores
Hyphae = the “bricks” from which the mushroom is built
Question
The white mushrooms comprise how
many fungal individuals?
•
•
•
1
42
420
Benefits to Fungi
Mycorrhizae
“myco” = fungus and “rhiza” = root
Symbiotic relationship (Mutualism)
between plant roots and fungi.
This helps to expand root size

Fungi expand the surface area
available for nutrient uptake
What do fungi “eat?”

Fungi are decomposers. They break down
complex molecules into sugars or consume
sugars found in environment
Examples:
• common bread mold (absorbs carbs in
bread)
• shelf fungi on logs (absorbs carbs in cell wall
of wood)
• white button mushrooms in store (absorbs
sugars and cellulose in dung)
What would happen if wood was
not decomposed?
Fungi are important
decomposers!
Fungi are the only organisms that can completely
decompose lignin (what makes wood hard)
Lignin must be broken down before any other
decomposition can occur (no fungi = no
decomposition by anyone).
Fungi also decompose
cellulose to glucose and
play a major role in the
global carbon cycle.
Examples of foods made
possible by fungi
Yeast
 Beer and Wine
 Bread
Mushrooms
 White button,
crimini,portabella
 Truffles, chanterelles
Mycoprotein
(food additive like tofu)
Cheese
•Rennin,
•blue cheese
Soy sauce
Tempeh
Citric acid
(soft drinks)
Fungi Make Medicines

The antibiotic penicillin is produced by
the fungus Penicillium.

Cyclosporine, an important drug used to
help fight the body’s rejection of
transplanted organs, also is derived from
a fungus.
Penicillium
WWI, bacterial
infections killed
more soldiers than
bullets.
1928 Dr. Andrew Fleming
working at St. Mary’s
Hospital in London noticed
that mold growing on
staph bacterial culture
plates had killed the
pathogen
zone of dead
bacteria
Penicillin kills bacteria by
interfering with their ability to
synthesize a cell wall.
Why do fungi make antibiotics?
Fungi produce
antibiotics for the
same reason we
need them:
to fight off
bacterial
infections
What else do fungi absorb?

Predatory fungi, catch
and digest other
organisms can cause
diseases
But still absorptive nutrition! Just have to catch it first…
Fungal Diseases in agriculture



Many sac fungi are well-known by farmers
because they damage or destroy plant
crops.
Diseases caused by sac fungi include
Dutch elm disease, apple scab, and ergot
disease of rye.
Smuts and rust are club fungi that cause
billions of dollars worth of damage to food
crops each year.

Fungi is a major concern because it
attacks our food sources
Fungi that can cause diseases
in Humans and Animals


Ringworm and athlete’s foot are skin
infections caused by species of
imperfect fungi.
Other fungi can cause respiratory
infections.
Athlete’ s Foot
Video from WebMD on Ringworm
and Athlete’s Foot

http://www.webmd.com/skin-problemsand-treatments/fungal-infections12/default.htm
In addition


Mold spores can cause mild to serious
allergies in some people.
Billions of mold spores can become
airborne and may then be inhaled,
triggering an allergic reaction.
Some fungi can grow to be
several football fields in length.


Article from Scientific America:
Next time you purchase white button
mushrooms at the grocery store, just
remember, they may be cute and bitesize but they have a relative out west
that occupies some 2,384 acres (965
hectares) of soil in Oregon's Blue
Mountains. Put another way, this
humongous fungus would encompass
1,665 football fields, or nearly four
square miles (10 square kilometers) of
turf.The discovery of this giant Armillaria
ostoyae in 1998 heralded a new record
holder for the title of the world's largest
known organism, believed by most to be
the 110-foot- (33.5-meter-) long, 200-ton
blue whale. Based on its current growth
rate, the fungus is estimated to be 2,400
years old but could be as ancient as
8,650 years, which would earn it a place
among the oldest living organisms as
well.
seedling weight (g)
seedling height (cm)
% survival
Do pine seedlings grow better
with a mycorrhizal (fungal)
partner?
Table Talk

Looking at the POU, turn to your table
partner and explain the “I can
statements”
Summary of Fungi





Do no move from place to place
Cannot make their own food.
Reproduce by releasing spores.
Most are many celled and a few are
single celled.
Can cause disease that attack us as well
as our food sources
Brainpop: Fungi
9
I think the two most important things about fungi
are…….
Watch video (No notes)
Watch video (2x) (Take notes)
Title: Summarization of Fungi
•
Write a 2 sentence summary about the video
I now know the most important things about
fungi are…
Fungi Foldable