UNIT 10: FUNGI & PLANT ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
CHAPTER
17: The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity
Plant Evolution and Diversity
17.1–17.2 Describe the key plant adaptations to life on land.
17.2 Compare the bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.
Alternation of Generations and Plant Life Cycles
17.3
17.4–17.5
17.7
Describe the alternation of generations life cycle. Explain why it appears that this cycle has evolved
independently in algae and land plants.
Describe the key events of the moss and fern life cycles.
Describe the stages of the gymnosperm life cycle.
Fungi
17.14
17.15
17.18
17.19
17.20
17.21
CHAPTER
Describe the main traits of fungi and their ecological roles.
Describe the generalized life cycle of a fungus. Explain how molds and yeast reproduce.
Explain how parasitic fungi harm plants and animals.
Describe the positive ecological roles of fungi.
Describe the practical uses of fungi.
Describe the structure and characteristics of lichens.
31: Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction
Reproduction of Flowering Plants
31.9 Describe the parts of a flower and their functions. Relate this structure to the overall life cycle of an
angiosperm.
31.10 Describe the processes and events that lead to double fertilization. Describe the advantages of double
fertilization.
31.11 Explain how a seed forms. Compare the structures of eudicot and monocot seeds and explain the
significance of seed dormancy.
31.12 Describe the structure and functions of fruit. Describe some of the adaptations of fruits that promote
seed dispersal.
CHAPTER
32: Plant Nutrition and Transport
The Uptake and Transport of Plant Nutrients
32.1
32.2
32.3
32.4
32.5
Explain what happens to the materials that plants take up from the air and soil.
Compare the intracellular and extracellular movements of material into root xylem. Describe the
function of the Casparian strip.
Explain how the transpiration-cohesion-tension mechanism causes the ascent of xylem sap in a plant.
Explain how guard cells control transpiration. Describe three cues that contribute to stomatal opening
at dawn.
Explain how, when, and where phloem conducts sap.
Plant Nutrients and the Soil
32.6
Distinguish between micronutrients and macronutrients and note examples of each. List the six
macronutrients that make up about 98% of a plant’s dry weight.
Plant Nutrition and Symbiosis
32.12 Explain how and why most plants depend upon bacteria to supply nitrogen.
32.13 Explain how fungi help most plants absorb nutrients from the soil. Describe the significance of plantfungus symbiosis to the evolution of life on land. Describe the special relationship between legumes
and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
32.14 Describe examples of parasitic and carnivorous plants. Explain why carnivorous plants are most
commonly found in acid bogs.
CHAPTER
33: Control Systems in Plants
Plant Hormones
33.1 Describe the experiments and conclusions of the phototropism research
performed by the Darwins, Boysen-Jensen, and Went. Explain why auxin does not seem to play the
same role in sunflowers and other eudicots as it does in grasses.
33.2–33.7 Describe the functions of the five major types of plant hormones.
Responses to Stimuli
33.9 Define phototropism, gravitropism, and thigmotropism. Explain how these reactions occur and
describe their significance to plants.
33.11 Distinguish between short-day plants and long-day plants. Explain why these terms can be misleading.
33.13 Explain how plants defend themselves against herbivores. Describe the systemic acquired resistance
defense response in plants.