Muscular System
The Belgian Blue Breed of Cattle
- the result of a mutation in which the mysostatin
gene has been “knocked out”
Types of Muscle
TYPE
CONTROL
EXAMPLE
The word “striated”
means striped. Skeletal
muscle appears striped
under a microscope.
Muscles and Muscle Fiber Structure
Muscles are composed of many FIBERS that
are arranged in bundles
called _____________________
Individual muscles are separated by
_______________________,
which also forms
_____________________________
Epiphysium =
Periphysium =
Endomysium =
Muscle Layers
Muscle at the Cell Level
Sarcolemma =
Sarcoplasm =
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum -
Myofibrils =
Label
1.
2.
3.
4.
3. (same)
5.
6.
7.
Myofibrils are made of
ACTIN = ______________________________
MYOSIN = ______________________________
Myofilaments ACTIN (thin) and MYOSIN (thick)
-- form dark and light bands
• ___ band = _______ • ____________(myosin)
• ___ band = _______• ______________(actin)
LABEL:
It is important to remember the hierarchy
How Muscles Work with the Nervous System
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION –
MOTOR END PLATE –
SYNAPTIC CLEFT –
SYNAPTIC VESICLES –
Motor Unit or Neuromuscular Junction
1. _______________________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________________________________
The neurotransmitter that cross the gap between the nerve cell and a
muscle cell is ______________________________________________
___________is broken down by
______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________
is stored in vesicles
SLIDING FILAMENT MODEL
The theory of how muscle contracts
SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY (MODEL)
The theory of how muscle contracts is the sliding filament
theory. The contraction of a muscle occurs as the thin
filament slide past the thick filaments.
What is needed:
ATP
Calcium
Myosin & Actin
Acetylcholine
Cholinesterase
Sliding Filament Handout
1.
2.
1.
3.
3.
4.
4.
5.
5.
2.
6.
6.
7.
7.
8.
9.
8.
9.
10.
10.
Energy Source
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
__________
* Only 25% of energy
produced during cellular
respiration is used in
metabolic processes - the
rest is in the form of
HEAT.
- maintains body
temperature.
Other Terms
1. Threshold Stimulus
2. All-or-None Response
3. Motor Unit
5. Recruitment
6. Muscle Tone
7. Muscular Hypertrophy
8. Muscular Atrophy
9. Muscle Fatigue
10. Muscle Cramp
11. Oxygen Debt
1. Threshold Stimulus
2. All-or-None Response
3. Motor Unit
4. Recruitment
5. Muscle Tone
6. Hypertrophy
7. Atrophy -
-
8. Muscle Fatigue -
9.Muscle Cramp -
10. Oxygen Debt
*See Magic School Bus
-
11. Origin and Insertion
Origin =
Insertion =
The biceps brachii has two origins
(or two heads).
What is rigor mortis?
What is tetanus?
A tetanus shot must
be administered
shortly after
exposure to
the bacteria.
Once you develop
tetanus, there is no
cure.
See the dancing frog legs video …