Art
appreciation
Outline
Humanities
Etymology
Definition
Why do we need to study
Humanities?
History
Other related fields in humanities
Art
Etymology
Definition
Work of Art
Importance of Art
Functions of Art
Categories
Different classifications
Other Classification
Elements
Principles
Different subject of work of art
Different ways of presenting the
subject
Artist and his medium
Artist and his technique
Outline
Painting
History
Filipino Painters
Purposes
Elements
Different mediums
Different techniques
Sculpture
Etymology
Definition
History
Materials
Elements
Types
Function
Processes & technique
Music
Etymology
Definition
Function
Properties
Elements
Different mediums
Kinds
Outline
Dance
Etymology
Definition
History
Elements
Different kinds
Photography
Etymology
Definition
History
Modes of
production
Steps
Example of
photographs
Award giving body
Cinema
Etymology
Definition
History
Elements
Different kinds
humanities
ETYMOLOGY
It came from the Latin word “humanus” which means refined,
culture and human
Refined
- Norms, being civilize, and socialize
Cultured
- Adaptation to environment (social interaction, norms)
Human
- Having the nature of people, being a person
Definition
-
-
The expression of ourselves without using of words (painting,
sculptures, dancing, mosaic, cross stitch, collage, paper and
folding)
The study of man’s expression feelings, thought, intuition,
values, and ideas
The study of man’s experience, goals, and aspirations
It is used to dramatize individual expressions
Why do we need to study
humanities?
The humanities serve to provide the student
with certain skills and values through the arts.
Students learn to appreciate the importance of
value that no other subject can describe those
values which are directly an exact.
Aim of Humanities
•During Medieval Age
The humanities dealt with the metaphysics of the
religious philosopher.
•During Renaissance Period
To make man richer because during that time only the
rich people can make art like paintings, sculpture and etc.
•During 19th and 20th century
Is to appreciate and understand the importance of
human being, his ideas and aspirations
Other Related fields in
Humanities
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Anthropology
History
Literature
Philosophy
Religion
Sociology
Visual and Performing Arts
Art
Etymology
It came from the Latin word “ars/artis” which means to do or man
made
Definition
– It is a medium of expression because through arts we express
our ideas, emotions, feelings, without using words.
– Creative activity which involves skill or expertness in
handling materials and organizing them into a new.
Work of Art
Definition
– A thing of beauty having aesthetic value. Obra maestra, provides
aesthetic values to the viewers.
– It must have an artistic merit and literary merit.
– It is a symbolic state of meaning rather having a practical function.
Example:
Spolarium
The Last Supper
Mona Lisa
Madonna and child
Banaue Rice Terraces
Importance of Art
• Driven our existence
• Satisfies the needs for personal expression
• Develop our skills to express ourselves
• Challenge us to see things differently
• It unleash our hidden desires and passion
• It can change our ways in life
• To see the truth that we might understand before
• It gives pleasure, satisfaction and gratification
Functions of Art
• To express beauty
• It gives man moment of relaxation and spiritual
happiness
• It serves as a channel of man’s passion
• Arts reformed man
• Overcomes the feelings of restlessness and
loneliness
Categories of work of art
considered to be great
•
Best selling - it is very popular in its day, or is produced by an
artist who has done other very popular piece.
•
Ground breaking- that it does not follow regular convention or
already tried artistic methods real closely. It is not, in short, just
one more soap opera following an old, old formula, no matter
how well done.
•
Inherently beautiful - means just as the art critics do
require and demand that a work of art have an inner
harmony, beauty, and emotional/intuitive meaning that
are unified, strong and intense, and deeply moving to
us. Something that appeals to your senses and
emotions.
Different classifications of Art
I. By the Audience
- focus on how audience classified arts
1.
Performing Arts- something an artist used body as a medium.
An art form that is moving from one place to another.
Example: play, movies, live music, movies/TV, operas,
mime, puppetry, acrobatic, dance, and ballet
2.
Visual Arts- usually exist in two dimensional form and stay in
one place. Something that we see and hear.
Example: painting, photography, drawing, films,
sculpture, engraving, wooden materials, silk screen,
cartoon, stained glass, mosaic, and stage setting.
3.
Literature- talks about language that affects our imagination and
make us think
Example: non fiction, fiction, stage play, poetry, screenplay and
song
4.
Sculptural- a three dimensional form that we can touch, see, and
climb. It stays in one place.
Example: Monument, Architectural Designs, Rice terraces, Rock
Garden, Eiffel Tower, Statue of Liberty, flower gardens, water
fountain, and buildings.
II. By Critics
- Focus on how people judge art
Major Arts or Fine Arts- those that includes music, literature,
sculpture, painting, dance, theater, photography, and architecture.
2.
Minor Arts or Applied Arts- those that includes ceramics,
furniture, weaving, photography, and letterings.
a.
Pure Art- created and performed for other sake and to satisfies the
audience
Example: Watching movie
b.
Practical Art- with a purpose, for practical use that
something is useful
Example: Chair and Table
III. By an Artist
- Characterize by special sensing, physical and special senses
1.
Sight art- something that you can see, imagine, and create
Example: painting, drawing, mosaic, drafting design, stage
design, light displays and graphic design
2.
Sound Art- something that you can hear
Example: Literature, Poetry, plays and Music
3.
Touch Art- something that you can feel or touch
Example: Sculpture, Curving, Wood Craft, Pottery,
Dance Movement, and building
IV. Other Classification
1.
Real Art- something that is understandable “what you
see is what you get”, objective and representational.
Example: photography, stage play, dance, sculpture,
and architecture
2.
Abstract Art- non subject matter, non representational
that we cannot understand on the part of the listener.
Example: Grey Tree by Piet Mondrian
Elements of Art
I.
Color (Hue) - gives meaning, value, intensity and saturation to
an object. It has series of wave lengths which strikes our retina.
Example of Color and its meaning
Color
Black
Blue
Brown
Green
Orange
Pink
Red
Violet
White
Yellow
Meaning
-
Death, despair, gloom, sorrow,
Infinity, Freedom, Calmness,
Humility
Nature, Freshness, Prosperity, Hope, Money
Sweetness, Cheerfulness,
Feminity, love,
Bravery, Energy, Passion, War, Warm
Royalty, Dull
Purity, Clarity, Simplicity, Virginity, Peace
Joyful, Life, Vibrant, Sunshine, Happiness
Properties of colors
a.
Value- lightness, brightness, darkness of color
b.
Saturation- degree of quality, purity, and strength such as
scarlet and indigo. 2 to 3 colors in things.
Classification of colors
a.
Primary colors- colors that cannot be formed from mixtures
because they are pure colors.
Example: red, blue and yellow.
b.
Secondary colors- colors form out of combination of two
primary colors.
Example:
Blue
+
Yellow =
Green
Red
+
Blue =
Violet
Red
+
Yellow =
Orange
c.
Intermediate colors- colors form out of mixing one primary and
one secondary.
Example:
Yellow
Red
Red
d.
+
+
+
Green =
Violet =
Orange =
Yellow green
Red violet
Red orange
Tertiary colors- form out of combination of two secondary
colors.
Example:
Orange
Orange
Purple
+
+
+
purple =
green =
green =
russet
citron
olives
II. Line - one or two dimensional art that indicates direction,
orientation, movement, and energy. It is considered as the oldest,
simplest, universal element.
Direction of Line
a. Vertical line- basic framework of all forms, power &
delimination, strength, stability, simplicity, and efficiency.
b. Horizontal line- creates an impression of serenity and perfect
stability. Rest, calmness, peace, and reposed.
c. Diagonal line- it shows movement and instability. Portrays
movement action.
d. Jog line- it shows violence, zigzag, confusion, and conflict.
e. Curve line- it shows a gradual change of direction and
fluidity. It signifies subtle form.
III.
Medium - it denotes the means of artists to express his ideas, it
pertains to materials used to express feelings through art.
IV.
Rhythm- pattern, arrangement of lines, color, synchronization
or connection of path that suggest gracefulness.
V.
Style- the typical expressing and training of artist and outlook
in life.
VI.
Structure- surface and quality of object either real or made to
be appeared real. It gives variety and beauty on art.
VI.
Shape - the enclosed space defined by other elements of
art. shapes may take on the appearance of two-d or
three- objects.
Principles of Art
• Emphasis – the composition refers to developing points of interest to
pull the viewer's eye to important parts of the body of the work.
• Balance – it is a sense of stability in the body of work. It can be
created by repeating same shapes and by creating a feeling of equal
weight.
• Harmony – achieved in a body of work by using similar elements
throughout the work, harmony gives an uncomplicated look to your
work.
• Variety – refers to the differences in the work, you can
achieve variety by using difference shapes, textures, colors
and values in your work.
• Movement – adds excitement to your work by showing action and
directing the viewers eye throughout the picture plane.
• Rhythm – a type of movement in drawing and painting. It is seen in
repeating of shapes and colors. Alternating lights and darks also give
a sense of rhythm.
• Proportion or scale – refers to the relationships of the size of objects
in a body of work. Proportions give a sense of size seen as a
relationship of objects. such as smallness or largeness.
• Unity – is seen in a painting or drawing when all the parts
equal a whole. Your work should not appear disjointed or
confusing.
Different subject
of
work of art
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Nature
Woman
Emotion
Places
Animals
Events
Saints
8. churches
9. Child
10. Fruits
11. Toys
12. Landscapes
13. Seascapes
14. Religion
Different ways of presenting
the subject
1. Realism - the artists portrays the subject as ease.
Example: Bonjour, Monsieur Courbet by Gustave Courbet in 1854
2. Abstraction - there is no subject
but only his feelings and ideas. You
cannot figure out the subject/object.
Example: Figura by Arturo Luz
3. Distortion - usually done to
dramatize the shape of a figure
or to create an emotional
effect. Measurement is not
proportioned.
Example: Caricature
Artist and His Medium
-
As the materials, the artist way of expressing his emotion in
order to communicate his ideas.
1. Visual - that can be seen and can occupy space.
Example: painting and drawing
2 Auditory/time - that can be heard.
Example: music and literature
- That can be seen and heard.
Example: opera, dance, drama and movies
Artist and His Technique
How to control his medium to achieve his
desire in the work of art. It also pertains to
technical requirement of the particular work of
art. It is how he manipulates his medium
Painting
definition
– The practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a
surface (support base). In art, the term describes both the act and the
result, which is called a painting.
– Paintings may have for their support such surfaces as walls, paper,
canvas, wood, glass, lacquer, clay or concrete.
– Paintings may be decorated with gold leaf, and some modern
paintings incorporate other materials including sand, clay, and
scraps of paper.
– Tangible canvass that we see through the use of his hands.
– It is the most widely practiced and appreciated.
Example: canvass, paper, wood, plaster
History of Painting
It is originated in France and was introduced in the
Philippines by the Spaniards during 17th century.
The history of painting reaches back in time to
artifacts from pre-historic humans, and spans all cultures,
that represent a continuous, though disrupted, tradition from
Antiquity. Across cultures, and spanning continents and
millennia, the history of painting is an ongoing river of
creativity that continues into the 21st century. Until the early
20th century it relied primarily on representational, religious
and classical motifs, after which time more purely abstract
and conceptual approaches gained favor. Developments in
Eastern painting historically
parallel those in Western
painting, in general, a few centuries
earlier.
African art, Islamic art, Indian art, Chinese art, and Japanese
art each had significant influence on Western art, and, eventually, viceversa.
The oldest known paintings are at the Grotte Chauvet in
France, claimed by some historians to be about 32,000 years old. They
are engraved and painted using red ochre and black pigment and show
horses, rhinoceros, lions, buffalo, mammoth or humans often hunting.
However the earliest evidence of painting has been discovered in two
rock-shelters in Arnhem Land, in northern Australia. In the lowest
layer of material at these sites there are used pieces of ochre estimated
to be 60,000 years old. Archaeologists have also found a fragment of
rock painting preserved in a limestone rock-shelter in the Kimberley
region of North-Western Australia, that is dated 40 000 years old.
[1]There are examples of cave paintings all over the world—in France,
Spain, Portugal, China, Australia, India etc.
In Western cultures oil painting and watercolor painting
are the best known media, with rich and complex traditions in
style and subject matter. In the East, ink and color ink historically
predominated the choice of media with equally rich and complex
traditions.
Filipino Painters
Juan Luna’s famous works include the “The Death of
Cleopatra”, which won him a silver medal at the National Exposition
of Fine Arts (1881) and “The Spolarium”, his greatest masterpiece
that won him a gold medal at the National Exposition of Fine Arts
held in Madrid in 1884. The “Battle of Lepanto” won him another
gold medal at the Barcelona Exposition in 1888. Among his
last painting include “El Pacto de Sangre” which won first prize
in Paris and at the St. Louis Exposition, USA in 1904.
Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo's place in Philippine Art
was secured in the last quarter of the nineteenth century
through his large Neoclassical canvases which harvested
Gold and Silver Medals in prestigious International
Exhibitions. At a time when merely to have one's painting
accepted and hung in the highly competitive International
Exhibits was a mark of having arrived as a painter,
Hidalgo's entries stood out among thousands of paintings
(representing in these Exhibits the best Europe and America
had to offer) to win distinction: a Gold Medal for his major
work, La Barca de Aqueronte and Silver Medals for two
others (Jovenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho and
Adios del Sol). It is therefore through these two historical
paintings “in the grand manner" (a seascape with figure,
Adios del Sol is a departure from the traditional manner)
that Hidalgo's reputation as a painter is assured in both
Philippine Art history and the popular mind. He is the
painter of “Assassination of Gov. Gen. Fernando
Bustamante.”
Purposes of Painting
1. Painting commemorates historical
events.
2. For recognition of religious
activities.
Elements of Painting
• Line – it is a man’s own invention; extension of a
point.
• Vertical lines – power, stability, strength
• Horizontal lines – relaxation, calmness, at peace,
laziness
• Diagonal lines – movement
• Curve lines – graceful movements, fluidity, flexibility
• Shape – it is an area of flat surface enclosed by a line.
• Texture – it refers to the feel or tactile quality of a
surface of an object; the roughness or smoothness of
an object.
• Size – it is smallness or largeness of an object.
• Color – it a series of wave lengths which strike our
retina. Spectrum consists of different colors: red,
orange, blue, indigo and violet.
Paints
Paints are composed of three
materials:
 Pigment
 Binder
 Solvent
Paints
Pigment: natural or synthetic colored
materials finely ground into power clay,
gemstones, minerals, plants and insects.
www.webexhibitts.org/pigments/
Paints
Binder: holds the pigment together and
adheres the paint to a surface, egg yolks,
oil and wax.
www.webexhibitts.org/binder/
Paints
Solvent: can be added to thin or thicken
paint, slow or speed up its drying time
with oil or water.
www.webexhibitts.org/solvent/
Painting Styles
Fresco
•mixing pigments with plaster (walls,
ceilings)
•Buon “true” Fresco: paint is bound in the
wet plaster
•Fresco secco: paint is applied to dry
plaster.
http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/f/fresco.html
Tempera
•water based, egg binder, used prior to
1400’s, colors cannot be mixed, narrow
range, fast-drying
http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/t/tempera.html
Oil
• easily mixed, more permanent, used after
1400, slow-drying.
•painting with pigments that are bound with a
medium of drying oil. It had a glossy and
varnish-like effect.
• MURAL PAINTING – involved
blowing colored pigments through tubes
onto the canvas or walls.
PAINTING MEDIA
DRY MEDIA
• PENCIL – cheap, easily available, easy to
work with and can be erased. Graphite
pencils or lead pencils have probably
made more drawings than any other
medium.
PENCILS
METALPOINT
• A metal point drawing is made by dragging a
metal stylus over the surface of a prepared
paper, leaving a mark much like a graphite
pencil.
• Many metals such as copper, brass, silver,
gold and platinum can be used to create a
metal point drawing, each having unique
characteristics.
• Metal point drawings are labor intensive
and require great patience .
METALPOINT PENS
• CHARCOAL – Dark, soft and harsh
lines. They are burned sticks of wood . It is
used greatly for sketches and portraits.
CHALK AND CRAYON
• The main difference between them is the
BINDER ( the substance that holds the
pigment together). Chalk have nonfat binders
while crayons have greasy or oily, fat and wax
binders.
PASTEL
• is a painting medium in the form of a stick,
consisting of pure powdered pigment and a
binder.
• Pastel painting is fragile and easily smudged, its
preservation requires protective measures.
LIQUID MEDIA
• PEN AND INK – Uses pens and ink to
create uninterrupted lines. A major variable in
ink drawings is the thickness or thinness of lines.
• BRUSH AND INK – When ink is
diluted in water and applied with a brush,
the result is called a WASH.
ENCAUSTIC
• Also known as hot wax painting,
involves using heated beeswax to
which colored pigments are added.
• The liquid/paste is then applied to a
surface—usually prepared wood,
though canvas and other materials
are often used.
• Wax gives a clear luminous/shining
effect.
OIL
• Painting with pigments that are bound
with a medium of drying oil.
• Use of oil started with 15th century
Netherlandish painter Jan van Eyck.
• The presence of oil makes the painting
shiny and varnished. It dries slowly.
GOUACHE
• Also known as water paint, splash or body color.
• Gouache is a water based paint consisting of pigment to
be used in an opaque/cloudy painting method.
• Gouache differs from watercolor in that the particles are
larger, the ratio of pigment to water is much higher .
• This makes gouache heavier and more opaque, with
greater reflective qualities.
• WATERCOLOR - paints are made of
pigments suspended in a water soluble
vehicle. The traditional and most common
support for watercolor paintings is paper;
other supports include fabric/cloth, wood, and
canvas.
SYNTHETIC MEDIA
• WATER-BASED ACRYLICS –
most popular synthetic paint introduced in
1950s. Quick-drying and intense colors.
• THINNED DOWN ACRYLICS –
synthetic paints that are shot through
airbrushes and spray paint containers.
Different Techniques
– Ability which artist fulfill his work of art and
manipulates ideas.
1. Realism - introduced by a French man named
Gustave Courbet in 19th century. Adopted to describe
things represent figures and exactly how they look
like in real life.
Example: sunset, sunrise, and nature
sunset
sunrise
nature
2. Surealism - invented from the word super naturalism.
It is used to emphasize the unconscious creative
activity of the mind.
Example:
dream
deja’vu
3. Cubism - initiated by Cezanne, the father of cubism.
It shows
the flatness of the picture and rejects traditional
perspectives.
Example: Demoiselles d’ Avignon in 1907 by Pablo Picasso
4. Expressionism - tries to express subjective feelings and emotions of
the artists. It is how the artist feels about the subject.
Example: The Scream by Edvard Munch in 1892
5. Impressionism - the artist depicts what stimulates the eye. What
we see is important in an impressionist. When they create an art
they are more concerned with the effects of lights that would
get the attention of the audience.
Example: Soleil Levant (Impression, sunrise) by Claude
Monet in 1872
6. Symbolism - the visible sign of something invisible such as
ideas or quality. Something that you can create in the mind such
as
ideas that can be depicted through painting.
Example: La mort du fossoyeur ("The death of the
gravedigger") by
Carlos Schwabe
7. Pointillism
- a style of painting in which the artists use
small distinct dots of color forming a figure and it has
an item of “luminosity” and create the impression of a
wide selection of other colors and blending.
Example: La Parade de Cirqu by Seurat (1889)
8. Futurism - an art movement that originated in Italy in the
early 20th century. Machine and motions is the main
subject of this technique which try to show movement and
speed. Rejected the traditional perspectives and attempted
to glorify a new life.
Example: The City Rises by Umberto Boccioni (1910)
9. Minimalism - the form is reduced to outmost
simplicity geometrical shape which emphasizes space.
Example: The reconstruction of German Pavillion in
Barcelona, Spain
10. Fauvism - the painter try to paint picture by using
bright and extreme colors in order to assume
positive characters.
Example: The portrait of Madame Matisse (The
green line) by
Henry Matisse in 1905
11. Dadaism - a post-World War I cultural movement in
visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry),
theatre and graphic design. It shows a movement that
shock and provokes the viewers.
Example: Hitler in Hell by George Grosz
12.Constructivism - derived from the word
“construction.” Construction of abstract pictures such
as metal and wire.
Example: Model of the Monument to the Third
International by Tatlin Tower.
SCULPTURE
Etymology
The term of " sculpture" comes from Latin word "
sculpere" which means to cut or remove pieces with a
stone.
Definition
– It is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or
combining hard and/or plastic material, sound, and/or
text and or light, commonly stone (either rock or
marble), metal, glass, or wood.
– Aesthetic art of modeling shaping single block or mash
materials into a 3 dimensional form out of rock, wood,
and metal.
Example: Statue of David and U.P Oblation
Statue of David
U.P Oblation
History
• The sculpture prowess of the Philippines occurred
during Spanish regime.
• The sculpture started when people begun to worship
statues “anino.”
• People began to do something on clays, loams then it
evolves through technology.
• It is often use to form religious item like catholic
saints.
• It is known to be the oldest art form.
It varied and is illustrative of how sculpture has
changed extensively over the ages. The art of sculpture
continues as a vital art form worldwide.
From pre-historic and ancient civilizations to the
contemporary, from the utilitarian and religious to
modernist abstraction, and conceptual manifestations
of both form and content,
creativity
&
compassion.
an
a continuous stream of
extremely
modest
show
of
• Sculpture has been central in religious
devotion in many cultures, and until recent
centuries large sculptures, too expensive for
private individuals to create, were usually an
expression of religion or politics.
Historical Background of
Sculpture
Pre-Historic Sculpture
• The primitive people produced the so
called fertility statues. It has been
described as giving emphasis on the
female sexual attributes. It emphasizes the
women’s wide hips and opulent breasts.
• Primitive men made this for fear of
extinction and it will remind them to go on
and on to produce more offspring.
Egyptian Sculpture
• The sphinx is the most popular piece in
Egypt.
• It is a huge sculpture which is described as
the human head with a body of a croaching
lion.
• The head of the Sphinx is symbolic of the
pharaoh, the mighty reler of Egypt, and the
body of the croaching lion is symbolic of the
mighty country Egypt.
• Therefore it symbolizes the mighty strengths
and protective power of Egypt.
Greek Sculpture
• the Golden Age of Athens was the complete
fulfillment of the term classic for it was the
culmination of the ideals of the time and of the
ancient world as well. It falls into four classes:
• Sculptures created without regard to their ultimate
location or method of display. Free standing.
• Free standing sculpture ,that is surrounded on all
sides by space, except the base.
• Statues identified as kore otherwise known as
female standing sculpture.
• Statues identified as kouros otherwise known a
male standing sculpture.
• Sculptures designed as ornaments for specific
positions.
Roman Sculpture
• Given the Etruscan descendant of
naturalism, Roman portraiture set an early
standard of excellence that became the
model for the whole Western tradition.
• It falls into two classes: portraits and
historical relief.
• Both reflect the highly developed Roman
taste of realism.
Baroque Sculpture
• A restless, dynamic style with its diagonals
and floating curved lines, and it’s
sensuous textural effects.
• Gian Lorenzo Bernini was the Baroque
artist par excellence.
• His known sculpture is the “Ecstasy of St.
Therese.”
Ecstasy of St. Therese
Byzantine Sculpture
• Sculptured relief during the Byzantine was
used to adorn magnificent palaces and
churches.
• It is the richest expression of Christian
doctrine.
Renaissance Sculpture
• It showed some traces of classical
influence in the pulpits of the Cathedrals of
Pisa and Sienna.
• The great master of this period is
Michaelangelo.
• His masterpiece was the “Pieta” today a
treasure of St. Peter’s in Rome.
Pieta
Materials in Sculpture
Elements of Sculpture
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Plastic
Aluminum
Bronze
Rock
Wood
Metal
Form
Color
Line
Volume
Perspective
Texture
Style
Types of Sculpture
Some common forms of sculpture are:
1. Free-standing sculpture, sculpture that is surrounded
on all sides by space, except the base. It is also known as
sculpture "in the round", and is meant to be viewed from any
angle.
2. Sound sculpture - Sound sculpture (related to sound art and
sound installation) is an intermedia and time based art form in
which sculpture or any kind of art object produces sound, or the
reverse (in the sense that sound is manipulated in such a way as
to create a sculptural as opposed to temporal form or mass).
3. Light sculpture - is an intermedia and time based
art form in which sculpture or any kind of art object
produces light, or the reverse (in the sense that light is
manipulated in such a way as to create a sculptural as
opposed to temporal form or mass).
4. Jewelry – objects of personal adornment made
of precious metals, gems, or imitation
materials.
5. Relief - the sculpture is still attached to a
background; types are bas-relief, alto-relievo,
and sunken-relief.
6. Site-specific art - is artwork created to exist
in a certain place.
7. Kinetic sculpture - involves aspects of
physical motion.
8. Statue - representation list sculpture depicting a
specific entity, usually a person, event, animal or
object
a. Bust - representation of a person from the
chest up
b. Equestrian statue - typically showing a
significant person on horseback
9. Stacked art - a form of sculpture formed by
assembling objects and 'stacking' them.
10. Architectural sculpture - Architectural
sculpture is the term for the use of sculpture by
an architect and/or sculptor in the design of a
building, bridge, mausoleum or other such
project.
Function
• Sculpture functions as an integral part of many
ceremonies and events.
• Often unnoticed, it gives us a visual reference for our
emotional experiences throughout the passages of
life.
• Tombstones, for example, are a form of sculpture
commemorating death, a universal event.
Processes and Techniques
• Processes in sculpting vary, and always depend on the
materials used. There is cast sculpture, where a material, such
as bronze, begins as a clay form that is cast in a mould to
produce a given shape; there is also carved sculpture, such as
wood or stone.
• Two distinct methods have emerged; an additive process,
where material is added again and again to build up the form,
for example with clay, and the subtractive process, where the
artist removes or subtracts materials to create the form, as in
marble or stone carving.
• Sculpture may be free standing (sometimes referred to
as sculpture in the round even if it is a square shape),
often on a pedestal or base where you can walk around
it, or relief, where raised forms project from a
background or surface.
• There is low relief, where the figure emerges at a level
closer to the surface; and high relief, where the figure
may almost be completely detached from the surface or
ground.
• Types of representation and composition in
relief are defined by their need for the ground
plane on which the forms are superimposed or
from which they emerge.
• Relief can be carved in wood or stone; molded
in clay or wax; cast in metal, plaster or resin.
Music
Etymology
The word music comes from the Greek “mousikê”
(tekhnê) by way of the Latin musica. It is ultimately
derived from “mousa,” the Greek word for muse.
Definition
– Consist of sounds and silences in such a manner
as to convey emotions and feelings of the composer.
– Combination of melodious tones, and sounds
of varying pitch to produce harmony.
Function of Music
1.
Religious and ceremonial purpose
2.
Release the tensions and emotion
3.
To listen to music intelligently
4.
Therapeutic value
5.
For entertainment
6.
Experience reflect music
7.
Learning is made easy to music
Properties of Music
1.
2.
3.
4.
Pitch - highness and lowness of tone.
Duration - the length of time over which vibration is maintained.
Volume - loudness and softness of voice.
Timber/tone color - distinctive or individual quality of the sound.
Elements of Music
1.
2.
Rhythm - the over all movement or swing of music, slow or fast
movements.
Melody - emotional motions, sometimes called the memory
element of music. It is what the listener remembers.
3.
4.
5.
Harmony - it is the combination of different tones and blending of
voice.
Dynamics - the softness and loudness of voice. It is the force of
music.
Style - the result of restraining, temperament. Singers’ way of doing
his music.
Different Mediums of Music
I. Vocal medium – refers to human voice.
Vocal classes
a. Soprano - highest register of voice for female
Example: Sylvia dela Torre and Armida
Siguion-Reyna, (coloratura soprano) Charlotte Church
b.
Mezzo soprano - medium register of voice for female
Example: Betty Allen (america) and Lea Salonga
c.
Alto - lowest register of voice for female
Example: Claire dela Fuente and Isay Alvarez
d.
Tenor - highest register of voice for male
Example: Luciano Pavarotti was (this century's most famous
tenor) Carreras, Pavorotti, Placido Domingo, and Eric Caruso
e.
Baritone - medium register of voice for male
Example: Nonoy Zuñiga
f.
Bass - lowest register of voice for male
Example: Tim Riley (performed in Gold City Quartet)
Solo
- singing without accompaniment
Duet
- a group of two singers or a composition of two voices
Acappella- is an all-male Contemporary Christian vocal group founded
in 1982 by Keith Lancaster, who has variously played the role
of singer, songwriter and producer throughout the group's
history. Chorus or choir - a musical ensemble of singers.
Choir/chorus - a body of singers who perform together. Often applied
to groups affiliated with a church.
Quartet - a method of instrumentation (or a medium), used to
perform a musical composition, and consisting of four parts.
II. Instrumental medium - with the use of musical instruments.
1.
Strings - They consist of the violin, viola, cello, and double
bass. They all have the same basic shape, but are very different
in size. They each have four strings, are made of wood, and are
played by drawing a bow across the strings or plucking the
strings with the fingers.
2.
Brass - instruments are the loudest members of the orchestra.
They include French horn, trumpet, trombone, and tuba. Brass
instruments are long tubes of metal which the player blows into
through a mouth-piece at one end. The player makes a buzzing
sound with his or her lips, and the sound comes out the other end
which is wider, like a bell.
3.
Woodwinds - instruments are most commonly made of wood or
metal, and are played by blowing air across an opening at one end
or through a "reed", and by covering and uncovering holes along
the instrument with fingers or levers, keys, and pads. The
members of this family are flute and piccolo, oboe and English
horn, clarinet and bass clarinet, and bassoon and contra-bassoon.
4.
Percussion - instruments are the rhythm section of the orchestra.
They make sounds when they are struck, scraped, or rattled with
hands or special sticks. Some percussion instruments have a
definite highness or lowness, a quality called pitch, and some do
not have a definite pitch. Xylophone, timpani, chimes,
vibraphone, and Celesta are examples of pitched percussion
instruments, while bass drum, snare drum, triangle, cymbals, and
tambourine are non-pitched percussion instruments.
Kinds of Music
1.
Program music - any music which is connected on poem or
story more on literature.
Example: An Alpine Symphony by Richard Strauss
2.
Folk music - tradition music of people, race, generation which
is past from one generation to another generation.
Example: Tinikling, Singkil, Itik-Itik
3.
Art music - normally accompanied by piano. The most
sophisticated of all.
Example: Serenade by Franz Schubert
4.
Jazz music - more on trumphets, violin, clarinet, trombone,
drums, and saxophone.
Example: Careless Whisper and Somewhere Over the
Rainbow
5. Classical music - depicts love
Example: Oh ilaw, hating gabe, nasan ka irog
6. Opera - combination of song, dance, acting, ballet,
Broadway
Example: Miss Saigon, Chicago, les miserables,
New York
Composer - a person who create musical or literary work
Best Composers
Vennie Saturno
Ogie Alcasid
Danny Tan
Lito Camo
Ryan Cayabyab
Jose Marie Chan
Louie Ocampo
George Canseco
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Be my Lady
Kung mawawala ka
Close to where you are
Para Sa’yo
Kailangan Kita
Christmas in our hearts
Say that you love me
Kastilyong Buhangin
Dance
Etymology
The word “Dance” comes from an old German word, “Danson”, which
means “to stretch.”
Definition
-
a sport and art form that generally refers to movement of the body, usually
rhythmic and to music used as a form of expression, social interaction or
presented in a spiritual or performance setting.
-
It is an art performed by individuals or groups of human beings, existing in
time and space, in which the human body is the instrument and movement is
the medium
-
Rhythmic movement of the body to create emotions with music
-
Succession or arrangement of steps performed for purposes
such as rituals or expression of inner thoughts
History
Dance has certainly been an important part of ceremony,
rituals, celebrations and entertainment since before the birth of the
earliest human civilizations. Archeology delivers traces of dance
from prehistoric times such as the 9,000 year old Rock Shelters of
Bhimbetka paintings in India and Egyptian tomb paintings
depicting dancing figures from circa 3300 BC.Dance does not
leave behind clearly identifiable physical artifacts such as stone
tools, hunting implements or cave paintings. It is not possible to
say when dance became part of human culture.
One of the earliest structured uses of dances may have been
in the performance and in the telling of myths. It was also
sometimes used to show feelings for one of the opposite gender.
It is also linked to the origin of "love making." Before
the production of written languages, dance was one of
the methods of passing these stories down from
generation to generation.
Elements of Dance
1.
Choreography - creation of steps with music and movement with
a rhythm of music
2.
Costumes- the style of dress that a dancer wears. It depends upon
the color
3.
Dancer - a person who perform synchronize movement. usually
employed on contract or for particular performances/productions
such as Anna Pavlova Patrick Swayze Rudolf Nureyev.
4.
Decoration - it pertains to props, design and accessories.
5.
Movement - the action of the dancer as they move to
create various and to communicate with audience
6.
Music - the mood and the plan based on the music
7.
Technique - control of the muscles over the body
8.
Theme - it is actually the main content of the dance. It tells us
what the dance is trying to convey
Choreographer - Choreographers are generally university trained
and are typically employed for particular projects or, more rarely
may work on contract as the resident choreographer for a specific
dance company. Joy Cancho, Geleen Eugenio, Leonides D. Arpon,
Gerald Casel, and Max Luna III Filipino
DIFFERENT KINDS OF DANCES
1. Folk Dance - it pertains to traditional dance
Example: Tinikling, Cariñosa,
2. Social Dance - it is a kind of dance that we perform in small
gatherings
Example: Ballroom Dance, Cha Cha, Rumba, Waltz, and Sway
3. Modern Dance - based on the natural expressive movements by
which means the dancer expresses a wide range of emotions
Example: Solo, Group Dance, and Interpretative Dance
4. Ethnic Dance - used to perform their rituals
Example: Pagdiwata of the Tagbanwa of Palawan
5. Indian Dance - highly exaggerated facial expression and extensive
vocabulary of hand gestures
Example: Kathakali, Bhangra, and Punjab
6. Ballet - a stage entertainment which enacts a story of expresses a
dramatic idea through dance or theatrical story telling. It is a
combined with music, drama, poetry, song, costumes and dance.
Example: The Swan
7. Court Dance - a street dance.
Example: Panagbenga and Ati-atihan
8. Theatrical Dance - perform in order to convey drama or play.
Example: Opera, Myme, and Classical dance
Photography
Etymology
The word "photography" comes from the Greek (phos) "light" +
(graphis) "stylus", "paintbrush" or (graphê) "representation by
means of lines" or "drawing", together meaning "drawing with
light." Traditionally, the products of photography have been called
negatives and photographs, commonly shortened to photos.
Definition
- It is the art or process of producing images through the use of a light
sensitive chemical or film.
- A photography is an actual likeness, that production of
which may not actually involve artists creativity. One only
has to press a button on a camera to produce this actual likeness.
History
Photography is the result of combining several technical
discoveries. Chinese philosopher Mo Ti described a pinhole camera
in the 5th century B.C.E.
Photography as a usable process goes back to the 1820s with
the development of chemical photography. The first permanent
photograph was an image produced in 1825 by the French inventor
Nicéphore Niépce. However, because his photographs took so long
to expose, he sought to find a new process. Working in conjunction
with Louis Daguerre, they experimented with silver compounds
based on a Johann Heinrich Schultz discovery in 1724 that a silver
and chalk mixture darkens when exposed to light.
Niépce died in 1833, but Daguerre continued the
work, eventually culminating with the development of
the daguerreotype in 1837. Daguerre took the first ever
photo of a person in 1839 when, while taking a
daguerreotype of a Paris street, a pedestrian stopped for a
shoe shine, long enough to be captured by the long
exposure
Eventually, France agreed to pay Daguerre a pension for his
formula, in exchange for his promise to announce his discovery to the
world as the gift of France, which he did in 1839.
Meanwhile, Hercules Florence had already created a very
similar process in 1832, naming it Photographie, and William Fox
Talbot had earlier discovered another means to fix a silver process
image but had kept it secret. After reading about Daguerre's invention,
Talbot refined his process so that portraits were made readily available
to the masses. By 1840, Talbot had invented the calotype process,
which creates negative images. John Herschel made many contributions
to the new methods. He invented the cyanotype process, now familiar
as the "blueprint". He was the first to use the terms "photography",
"negative" and "positive".
He discovered sodium thiosulphate solution to be a
solvent of silver halides in 1819, and informed Talbot and
Daguerre of his discovery in 1839 that it could be used to "fix"
pictures and make them permanent. He made the first glass
negative in late 1839.
In March 1851, Frederick Scott Archer published his findings
in "The Chemist" on the wet plate collodion process. This became
the most widely used process between 1852 and the late 1880s when
the dry plate was introduced. There are three subsets to the
Collodion process; the Ambrotype (positive image on glass), the
Ferrotype or Tintype (positive image on metal) and the negative
which was printed on Albumen or Salt paper.
Many advances in photographic glass plates and printing were
made in through the nineteenth century. In 1884, George Eastman
developed the technology of film to replace photographic plates,
leading to the technology used by film cameras today.
In 1908 Gabriel Lippmann won the Nobel Laureate in Physics
for his method of reproducing colors photographically based
on the phenomenon of interference, also known as the
Lippmann plate.
Modes of production
Amateurism
An amateur photographer is one who practices photography as a
hobby and not for profit. The quality of some amateur work is
comparable or superior to that of many professionals and may be
highly specialized or eclectic in its choice of subjects. Amateur
photography is often pre-eminent in photographic subjects which
have little prospect of commercial use or reward.
Commerce
Commercial photography is probably best defined
as any photography for which the photographer is paid
for images rather than works of art. In this light money
could be paid for the subject of the photograph or the
photograph itself. The commercial photographic
world could includes:
• Advertising photography: photographs made to illustrate and usually
sell a service or product. These images, such as pack shots, are
generally done with an advertising agency, design firm or with an
in-house corporate design team.
• Fashion and glamour photography: This type of photography usually
incorporates models. Fashion photography emphasizes the clothes or
product, glamour emphasizes the model. Glamour photography is
popular in advertising and in men's magazines. Models in glamour
photography may be nude, but this is not always the case.
• Crime Scene Photography: This type of photography
consists of photographing scenes of crime such as
robberies and murders. A black and white camera or an
infrared camera may be used to capture specific details.
• Still life photography: it depicts inanimate subject matter,
typically commonplace objects which may be either
natural or man-made.
• Food photography: it can be used for editorial, packaging or
advertising use. Food photography is similar to still life
photography, but requires some special skills.
• Editorial photography: photographs made to illustrate a story or idea
within the context of a magazine. These are usually assigned by the
magazine.
• Photojournalism: this can be considered a subset of editorial
photography. Photographs made in this context are accepted as a
documentation of a news story.
• Portrait and wedding photography: photographs made and sold
directly to the end user of the images.
• Landscape photography: photographs of different locations.
• Wildlife photography: it demonstrates life of the animals.
• Photo sharing: publishing or transfer of a user's digital
photos online.
Steps in Photography
Choosing the subject- requires the wise judgment and artistic sense
of the photographer.
Mechanical one- a light sensitized film contained in a darken box is
exposed to the light from the object being photographed.
Chemical one- after the film has been exposed, it is treated with a
series of chemical solutions to develop the film and produce a
permanent negative. A photographic paint is produced from the
negative.
Example of Photographs :
Life photography by Kas Chan on
may 26 2009
Colours of life
Journey
by Ferne Merrylees
Journey of life
Award Giving Body
Camera club of the Philippines
Best Photographers for 2007
-
Federico M. Ortiz - Master Photographer
Philip Clayton S. Yu - 2nd Place
Raphael L. Santos - 3rd Place
Gerardo M. Sabado - 4th Place
Francisco G. Balagtas - 5th Place
Norlito S. Quimel - 6th Place
Rodolfo M. de Leon - 7th Place
E. Billy B. Mondonedo - 8th Place
Leonardo A. Riingen - 9th Place
Raoul E. Littaua - 10th Place
CINEMA
Etymology
Derived from the Greek word “kineo” (to stir literally or
figuratively; to stir (transitively), literally or figuratively)
Definition
- It is a term that embraces many types of film or movies: cartoons,
newsreels, commercials, industrial film, educational films, social
documentaries, and even home movies.
- It is an act of presentation in lights made picture possible to appear
in a two dimensional surface
- It is combination of frames and lights
- It is a way of expressing ideas, attitudes, feelings, dreams,
and fantasies to an audience through series of lights and
images.
History
It was the time of Shakespeare when drama became modern of
play. The play came from Shakespeare story. It was Thomas Edison
who made cinema possible through his invention called optic lights
which gives rise to motion pictures. We cannot imagine life without
cinema because through this we appreciate the past.
Elements of Cinema
1.
Music - a movie is being remembered by its music and it is
usually came out during the climax of the story
2.
Characters - those who act to portray the role of the story
that is being presented
3. Directors - the one who do and undo the film; regarded as the
captain of the ship
4. Script - the subject of the film. It is the story itself
5. Cinematography - anything you see in the screen it is the picture in
motion that you see in the cinema.
6. Camera shots - gives the definite point of view, the focus, the
angles, and the movement
7. Value - to make a man a better person, cultured, and refined
Different Kinds of Film
1.
Action - a movie with a lot of exciting effects like car chases and
gun fights, involving stuntmen. They usually involve 'goodies'
and 'baddies', so war and crime are common subjects. Action
films usually need very little effort to watch, since the plot is
normally simple
Example: Die hard, Saving Private Ryan, Quantum of Solace,
Rambo, Isang Bala ka lang, Batas ng lansangan, and Anak ni
Baby Ama.
2.
Comedy - are funny movies about people being silly or doing
unusual things that make the audience laugh.
Example: Bruce Almighty, Click, The Love Guru,
You Don't Mess with the Zohan, Pedro Penduko, and
Skul Bukol
3.
Horror - films use fear to excite the audience. Music, lighting and
sets (man-made places in film studios where the film is made) are
all designed to add to the feeling.
Example: The Ring, The grudge, Shutter, Ouija Board, Halimaw
sa Banga, and Feng shui
4.
Drama - are serious and often about people falling in love or
people who have to make a big decision in their life. They tell
stories about relationships between people. They usually follow a
basic plot where one or two main characters (each actor plays a
character) have to 'overcome' (get past) an obstacle (the thing
stopping them) to get what they want.
Example: A Walk to Remember, Hwang Jini, Mila,
Abakada Ina, and Bata Bata Pano ka ginawa?
5.
Documentary - present a fact without bias judgment and comment.
Movies that are about real people and real events. They are nearly
always serious and may involve strongly emotional subjects.
Example: Batang Kalabaw, Nanay na si Nene,
6.
Animated - movies use childish images like talking pigs to tell a
story. These films used to be drawn by hand, one frame at a time,
but are now made on computers.
Example: Babes, Cats and Dogs, Ice Age, Fantasia, Kung Fu
Panda, Bolt, Mulan, and Prinsesa Urduja
7.
Fantasy - a movie of daydream or illusion
Example: Peter Pan, Harry Potter, Lord of the Rings,
Darna, Captain Barbel, and Lastikman
8. Thrillers/Suspense - are usually about a mystery, strange event, or
crime that needs to be solved. The audience is kept guessing until
the final minutes, when there are usually 'twists' in the plot
(surprises).
Example: Da Vinci code, Angels and Demons, Sigaw, and Patayin
sa Sindak si Barbara
9. Romance - are usually love stories about 2 people from different
worlds, who must overcome obstacles to be together. It is always
light-hearted, but may include some emotion.
Example: Titanic, Twilight, Slumdog Millionaire, One More
Chance, The Promise, and I Will Always Love You
10. Buddy - movies involve 2 heroes, one must save the other,
both must overcome obstacles. Buddy movies often
involve comedy, but there is also some emotion, because
of the close friendship between the 'buddies'.
Example: Shanghai Nights, Forbidden Kingdom, Shaolin Kid,
and Buddy and Sol
AWARD GIVING BODIES IN THE
PHILIPPINES
- These are institutions, academies and fellowships that are
handing out awards, citations and recognitions to outstanding
film achievements for a certain calendar year.
FAMAS - Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences
FAP - Film Academy of the Philippines
MMFF - Metro Manila Film Festival
Gawad Urian- Manunuri ng Pelikulang Pilipino
Star Awards for Movies (Philippine Movie Press Club)
Catholic Mass Media Awards (Archdiocese of Manila)
Gawad Pasado (Film Desk Critics' Circle)
Golden Screen Awards (Entertainment Press Society)
UP Young Critics Circle Awards
Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival
ACADEMY OF MOTION PICTURE
ARTS AND SCIENCES (AMPAS)
Oscars Awards
Grammy Awards
Nickelodeons Kids Choice Awards
Golden Globe Awards
Emmy Awards
Glossary
Acrylic
-
synthetic material made from acrylic acid
Art critics
-
people who are expert in a work of art
Artistic Merit
-
quality of the work of art that people can
attach to that work of art
Fresco
-
painting done in watercolor on a wall or ceiling
before the plaster is dry
Human Being
-
highest form of creation
Last song syndrome
-
mental motion that associated with
Literary Merit
-
it is actually applied to the general fiction
characteristics against law. It is not precise but it
depends on judgment of the people.
Pastel
-
crayon of powdered pigment bound with a gum
solution
Tempera
-
method of painting using an emulsion, example
of pigment with egg yolk and water
Bibliography
Humanities notes of Mary Estelita Landicho, Rachelle Prado, R-jay
Moreno, Bernadette dela Cruz, Mary Ann Carpio
Art: Perception and Appreciation by Ma A. Ortiz
MAPEH-CAT IV by Vilma Perez
Oxford- Dictionary of Current English
Merriam Webster Dictionary
http://www.colourtheraphyhealing.com
http://www.wikipedia.org
http://www.humanitiesweb.org/human.php
http://www.globalpinoy.com
http://www.ncca.gov.ph
http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/sculpture.htm
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