Excretion & Immunity Review
1. Explain how the lungs, skin, liver, and kidneys act as organs of excretion.
2. What is the most poisonous element to get rid of?
3. Explain the role of the kidney as an excretory organ in removing metabolic wastes
from the body.
4. Identify and describe the main structures of the urinary system, including the
kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra.
5. Be able to label the urinary system.
6. Be able to label and describe the internal structure and function of the kidney
including the cortex, medulla, and renal pelvis.
7. Describe the flow of blood through the kidneys (include arteries, veins and
glomerulus)and filtrate through the nephron. Be able to label the nephron and
describe how cellular wastes are removed and where water, Na+ Cl-, glucose,
proteins, and urea are reabsorbed or excreted (or maybe they don’t enter the
nephron at all).
8. Be able to write about the presentations you did in class.
9. Explain the biofeedback loop between the hypothalamus, the pituitary and the
concentrations of ADH and urine output in the body.
10. Why does alcohol consumption increase urine output?
11. Know where the kidneys are located in the body.
12. Know how many nephrons are in 1 kidney.
13. Be able to tell if the nephron has high or low pressure flow.
14. Be able to complete the chart on immunity, including the army metaphors.
15. Be able to recognize what happens to a fish in terms of water flow in or out of
their cells in a hypertonic or hypotonic environment.
16. Know what causes a kidney stone.
17. Know what a diseased kidney looks like and what can be done to cure it.
18. Know the success rate of a kidney transplant.
19. Know what an antigen is and does.
20. Know what the 3 lines of defense are.
21. Know the difference between passive and active immunity.
22. Know what happens when an allergic reaction occurs.Know firing and blistering.
23. Be able to list autoimmune disorders.
24. Using a flow chart show the action of T & B cells.
25. Be able to explain why the first time you are exposed to a disease it takes a long
time for your body to fight it but not the second time, using a graph.