CD22a Overall Background Paper Annex 1

NOTE: This table provides links between the Core Document list (CD14), the evidence base therein and specific policies, for the convenience of plan users.

The majority of references are available on-line, however where there are no hyperlinks the Council will endeavour to provide these as soon after submission as possible. Please check the Council’s Submission Core Strategy web-site for updates to Core Document 14.

Chapter 1: Introduction

Key elements

Relationship of the Core

Strategy to other documents

Evidence base

LCC, 2011, Community Strategy – Vision for Leeds

LCC, 1996, Unitary Development Plan Review

LCC, 2013, Local Development Scheme (CD07)

LCC, 2013, Sustainability Appraisal Reports (CD09a-f)

LCC, various dates, Habitats Regulations Assessment

(CD15a-b)

LCC, various dates, Annual Monitoring Report

LCC, 2011, City Priority Plan

LCC, 2011, City Council Business Plan

LCC, 2012, Local Housing Investment Plan

Government Office for Yorkshire and Humber, 2008, Yorkshire and Humber Plan

Stationery Office, 2011, Localism Act

Specific references

Chapter 2: Profile of Leeds Metropolitan District

Key elements

Key facts about the District

Evidence base

Refer to specific policies below

Cushman & Wakefield, 2010, European Cities Monitor

LCC, various dates, Annual Monitoring Report

LCC & Leeds Initiative, 2012, State of the City Report


Chapter 3: Spatial Vision

Vision

Key elements Evidence base

Refer to specific policies below


LCC, 2011, Community Strategy – Vision for Leeds

Leeds City Region, 2011, Leeds City Region Interim Strategy

Statement

Leeds City Region, 2010, Realising the Potential: The Leeds

City Region Local Enterprise Partnership Plan


Chapter 4: Spatial Development Strategy

Policy S P1: LOCATI ON OF DEV ELOPME NT

Key elements

Settlement hierarchy and spatial approach

Evidence base


Communities and Local Government, 2012, National Planning

Policy Framework

LCC, 2013, Housing Background Paper (CD25)


YH1 – YH9; LCR1 - LCR2

¶17 Core Planning Principles

Appendix 1: Explanation of the Settlement Hierarchy

Leeds City Region, 2011, Leeds City Region Interim Strategy

Statement

Policy S P2 : HI ERARCHY OF CENTRES & SP ATIAL APP ROACH TO RE TAILI NG, OFFICES, INTE NS IVE LEI SURE &

CUL TURE

Key elements

Hierarchy of centres

Evidence base



Required that towns and local service centres to be accessible and vibrant places which should be the main


Policy Framework


Colliers, 2011, Leeds City Centre, Town and Local Centres

Study

Communities and Local Government, 2005,

Statement 6: Planning for Town Centres


Planning Policy

Planning Policy

Statement 4: Planning for Sustainable Economic Growth

White Young Green, 2009, East and South East Leeds and

Aire Valley Town and Local Centre Assessment focus for housing, employment, shopping and leisure.

Especially pertinent are Policies YH4 - YH6; LCR1 - LCR2

¶17 Core Planning Principles;

¶23 Ensuring the Vitality of Town Centres (including that plans should be positive, promote competitive town centres and should manage and grow centres)

¶34 Plans should ensure developments that generate significant movement are located where the need to travel will be minimised and the use of sustainable transport modes can be maximised.

¶161.3 - Use evidence base to assess the role and function of town centres and the relationship between them, including any trends in the performance of centres

Appendix 1: Explanation of the Settlement Hierarchy

Provides an up to date, comprehensive picture of current and future capacity for retailing and related town centre uses across the District and projects the future retail need.

Includes assessing existing and proposed hierarchy of designated centres and identifying any gaps.

Highly relevant at time of initial plan drafting. Directed centres first principles and informed emerging sequential approach.

Extant at time of responding to representations on Core

Strategy Preferred Approach, and Publication Draft. Directs the centres first approach and the definition of main town centre uses, and the network and hierarchy of centres.

Supports the centres first approach and helps to determine the detailed sequential and impact test thresholds.

Reinforces the need for a sequential approach and identifies the network and hierarchy of centres in EASEL and AVL.

Policy S P3 : ROL E OF LEE DS CI TY CE NTRE

Key elements

The role of the city centre

Evidence base



Policy Framework

National Planning


YH4 Establishes the role of Leeds City Centre as a Regional

City

LCR1 - LCR2

¶17 Core Planning Principles; ¶23 Ensuring the Vitality of

Town Centres

LCC, City Centre Area Action Plan (and supporting documents)


Study

Leeds City Council, 2012, City Centre Audit 11

Provides general background on the genesis of city centre planning policy

Confirms the status of the City Centre

Provides quantities and trends of land uses in the city centre including offices, residential, retail, hotels, theatres and an audit of movement, and community safety statistics

Policy S P4 : REGENERATION P RIORITY PROGRAMME ARE AS

Key elements

Overall approach to regeneration

Evidence base

Leeds City Region, 2009, Housing and Regeneration Strategy and Investment Framework

Regeneration Priority

Programme Areas – Aire

Valley Leeds


Programme Areas – East

Leeds

Leeds City Council, 2010, Leeds Local Investment Plan 2011

– 2015

See SP5 below


Aire Valley Town and Local Centre Assessment

LCC, Leeds Western Gateway Area Regeneration Framework Regeneration Priority

Programme Areas – Leeds

Bradford Corridor


Programme Areas – South

Leeds




Sets a framework for local authorities to create mutually reinforcing economy and housing markets across the City

Region. Sets key common themes of regeneration including promoting eco-living and delivering strategic urban renewal.

Sets out specific evidence in support of broad identified regeneration priorities.

Policy S P5 : AI RE V ALL EY L EE DS URBAN E CO -SE TTL EME NT

Key elements Evidence base Specific references


Programme Areas – Aire

Valley Leeds

LCC, 2010, Executive Board Report on Aire Valley Leeds

Area Action Plan, Urban Eco-Settlement and Accelerated

Development Zone

Leeds City Region, 2009, Urban Eco Settlements Delivery

Assessment

LCC, 2010, Aire Valley Leeds location profile



Leeds City Region, 2010, Green Infrastructure Strategy

Leeds City Region, 2007, New Growth Point Status for the

Leeds City Region

CO2 Sense, 2011, Local Carbon Framework - Local Low

Carbon Energy Investment Strategy & Prospectus -

Carbon Trust, 2011, Carbon Management Energy Efficiency

Report - District Heating Assessment

Outlines activities of the Council to progress proposals to promote the development of the Aire Valley Leeds area of the city

Identifies AVL and York North West as the preferred and most deliverable sub-regional urban eco-settlements

Key facts about the area

Provides illustration of the potential for low carbon energy generation in the area.

Policy S P6 : T HE HO USING REQUIREME NT AND ALLOCATI ON OF HOUSING L AND

Key elements

Housing growth principles

Housing requirement for

70,000 (net) dwellings

Evidence base

Leeds City Council, 2011, Housing Growth Principles

Consultation Document

GVA & Edge Analytics, 2011, Strategic Housing Market

Assessment

LCC, 2013, Duty to Cooperate Background Paper (CD23)

Two periods of housing delivery:



3660 for 2012/13-2016/17



4700 for 2017/18-2027/28




Assessment


The seven principles are borne out of active engagement brokered between housebuilders and community groups at a number of workshops held during 2011

Figure 6.9 Employment Led Fixed Headship Rate data. It identifies a need for 68,286 dwellings for years 2010/11 –

2025/26. Rounded up to 70,000. Years have been rolled forward to 2012/13 – 2027/28.

Appendix 5 Issue 1a. All Leeds City Region authorities have agreed that the scale of housing planned for by Leeds is not an issue of material significance for them.

Proposition 3 – set a realistic and phased target for the delivery of new homes

Figure 6.10 Employment Led Fixed Headship Rate data

Windfall - delivery of 500 dwellings per annum

Criterion i) Sustainable locations (meet standards of public transport accessibility) supported by existing or access to new local facilities and services

Criterion ii) Preference for brownfield and regeneration sites



Policy Framework




LCC, 2007, Issues and Alternative Options Sustainability

Appraisal


Policy Framework

Leeds City Council, 2011,

Assessment

National Planning

Strategic Housing Land Availability

Section 5. on windfall

¶47 and ¶48 outlining role of windfall

Appendix 1: explanation of the settlement hierarchy

The consultation with communities and business agreed to

Housing Growth Principle 2 “Ensure housing growth is linked to the creation of more sustainable neighbourhoods throughout the city”. This was translated into principle i) in

Core Strategy ¶4.6.2

Issues and Alternative Options Question 10 Sustainability

Appraisal Scenarios – a) S2, the compact city b) S3, dispersed development hubs c) S4, new urban neighbourhoods

¶17 Core Planning Principles, bullet point 8; ¶111: encourage the effective use of land by reusing land that has been previously developed (brownfield land), provided it is not of high environmental value; consider setting local target

Of the 255,526 dwellings in SHLAA 2011 sites that were identified as being appropriate for development under current policy (Yes sites), 85.5% were brownfield. Shows that brownfield sites still abundant and without having to change current planning policy, able to identify a large portion of sites for development

Principle 6 – Facilitate the development of brownfield and regeneration sites

Criterion iii) the least impact on

Green Belt purposes



Issues and Alternative Options Sustainability Appraisal


Policy Framework



Criterion iv) Opportunities to enhance the distinctiveness of existing neighbourhoods and quality of life of local communities through the design and standard of new homes

Criterion v) the need for realistic lead-in-times and build-out-rates for housing


Assessment

Strategic Housing Land Availability

Scenarios – a) S2, the compact city b) S3, dispersed development hubs c) S4, new urban neighbourhoods

¶17 Core Planning Principles, bullet point 5; Section 9 paragraphs 79 to 92

Principle 5 - Enhance the distinctiveness of existing neighbourhoods and quality of life of local communities through the design and standard of new homes

¶3.16 – agreement by partnership that 50 units/annum represents maximum figure for annual build rates on sites, unless large flat development; ¶4.2 identify range between

construction

Criterion vi) Least negative and most positive impacts on green infrastructure, green corridors, greenspace and nature conservation


Policy Framework

Criterion vii) Generally avoiding or mitigate areas of flood risk


Policy Framework


SA Addendum 1 - Overview Update Apr 2013 (CD09a)

25-50 units/annum

¶114: Local planning authorities should: set out a strategic approach in their Local Plans, planning positively for the creation, protection, enhancement and management of networks of biodiversity and green infrastructure;

¶14 Presumption in Favour of Sustainable Development and especially footnote 9.

¶9 “Pursuing sustainable development involves seeking positive improvements in the quality of the built, natural and historic environment, as well as in people’s quality of life, including (but not limited to)…moving from a net loss of biodiversity to achieving net gains for nature…”

Core Planning Principle, ¶17, bullet point six: support the transition to a low carbon future in a changing climate, taking full account of flood risk and coastal change, and encourage the reuse of existing resources, including conversion of existing buildings, and encourage the use of renewable resources (for example, by the development of renewable energy); Section 10, ¶143 outlining need to minimize future flood risk, mitigate current and use sequential test

Appendix 2 describes the sieving exercise to check that the housing requirement is deliverable in a way that minimises development in zones of higher flood risk. This used data from the Strategic Flood Risk Assessment 2007 and the

Environment Agency Flood Risk Mapping 6 monthly Updates

Section on Flood Risk

Policy S P7: DI STRI BUTION OF HOUSI NG LAND AND AL LOCATIONS

Key elements

Origin of the 11 Housing

Market Characteristic Areas

Evidence base


Assessment

LCC, 2013, Housing Background Paper (CD25) Quantum of housing delivery by settlement hierarchy and by housing market characteristic areas

Distribution of housing LCC, 2013, Housing Background Paper (CD25)

LCC, 2007, Core Strategy Issues and Alternative Options:

Shaping the Future

LCC, 2007, Issues and Options Development Scenarios


¶1.27 – 1.30 and Figure 1.3 “SHMA Sub-area geographies”

The section starting at ¶8.6.31 and Appendix 2 explains how the housing requirement was distributed spatially

Appendix 1: Explanation of Settlement Hierarchy

Four spatial scenarios are set out in Section 5 of the document.

This short paper provides more detail of the four spatial

Alternative hypothetical distributions of new housing

Definition of what is considered infill and extension

Thorp Arch as an example of an exception to development according with the settlement hierarchy

Background Paper

LCC, 2007, Issues and Alternative Options Summary

GVA & Edge Analytics, 2011,

Assessment

Strategic Housing Market



LCC, 2007, Core Strategy Issues and Alternative Options

Sustainability Appraisal

LCC, 2008, Report of Consultation on Issues and Alternative

Options scenarios.

The summary contains schematic maps of the four spatial scenarios

Section 3 provides a summary of the sustainability appraisal of Question 29 concerning Spatial Scenarios.

Appendix 1 sets out the appraisal table for Question 29 which shows how the Scenarios scored against the 22 sustainability objectives.

From p.71 the responses to Question 29 are summarised.

Many comments suggest that the scenarios require further modification to work in practice or that qualities of different scenarios ought to be combined.

Figure 6.11 gives future housing distribution if historical trends of housebuilding are followed. Figure 6.12 gives future housing distribution according to the distribution of households in Leeds at 2010.

¶8.6.47

¶8.8.6 – 12 Description of Thorp Arch history, location, development opportunity and why exceptional

Policy S P8: E CONO MIC DEV ELOPME NT PRIORITIE S

Key elements

Identifying the economic priorities and establishing locations for economic development

Evidence base


Policy Framework


¶19 need to support economic growth through the planning system.

¶20 plan proactively to meet the development needs of business and support an economy fit for the 21st century.

¶21 recognise and seek to address potential barriers to investment, including a poor environment or any lack of infrastructure, servicing or housing.

¶22 should avoid the long term protection of sites allocated for employment use where there is no reasonable prospect of a site being used for that purpose. Land allocations should be regularly reviewed.

¶23 promote competitive town centre environment.

¶28 support economic growth in rural areas in order to

Leeds City Region, 2010, Employment and Skills Strategy

Leeds City Region, 2010, Realising the Potential: The Leeds

City Region Local Enterprise Partnership Plan

Yorkshire Forward, 2006,

Yorkshire Forward, 2006,

Economic Strategy

Regional Economic Strategy

Progress Update - Regional

Leeds City Council & Leeds Initiative, 2012, State of the City

Report


Leeds

Community Strategy – Vision for support the sustainable growth and expansion of all types of business and enterprise in rural areas, both through conversion of existing buildings and well-designed new buildings

¶111 encourage the effective use of land by re-using land that has been previously developed brownfield land

¶1.4 Leeds accounts for just under one-third of all jobs in the

City Region followed by Bradford, Kirklees and Wakefield.

Appendix 1 The dominant employment centre is Leeds which is the highest level of commuters in the area, making Leeds

Station the second busiest station outside of London. Leeds is the main employment centre in the City Region, accounting for just under third of all jobs(407,800 jobs),

Bradford (196,900) is the second largest employment centre followed by Kirklees (154,700) then Wakefield (142,800).

The policy approach aligns with the overall policy approach.

The policy approach aligns with the overall policy approach.

Priorities for Leeds and the City Region are to support,



Sustainable & competitive businesses



Skilled people



Connecting people to jobs



Improve transport provision, infrastructure & natural environment

This document supports the policy overall approach. Page

25 Economic Resilience – Despite being the third largest business centre in the UK, business start-up rates in Leeds lag behind the national and regional averages. Page 26

Economic Resilience – The Centre for Cities ‘2011 Cities

Outlook report’ forecast that Leeds would be one of the top five cities to help steer the UK away from recession and towards recovery. Page 26 Economic Resilience –

Improving the city’s broadband infrastructure is also seen as critical to the economic success and prosperity of the city.

Pg 5 Developing our new vision – the top priorities to emerge include new job opportunities and good quality, reliable public transport.

Pg 8: Leeds will be a place, which encourages enterprise,

Leeds City Region, 2012, Skills Research in Leeds City

Region

Leeds City Council, 2012, Scrutiny Inquiry Report –

Maximising Powers to Promote, Influence and Create Local

Employment and Skills Opportunities


Leeds City Region, 2010,

Leeds Growth Strategy

Employment and Skills Strategy competition and innovation in the knowledge economy. It will be a city where significant new job opportunities are created, businesses are supported to start-up, innovate thrive and grow. People choose sustainable travel options and we all benefit from a low carbon economy.

Pg 10: Leeds City Region - the creation of the Local

Enterprise Partnership, led by business and involving the local councils will help to achieve Leeds local priorities for our economy, skills, housing, transport and innovation.

Leeds’ role nationally and internationally - build on the excellent reputation and international profile of our universities, our cultural offer, our hospitals and health care excellence, our sporting facilities and teams and our businesses and their expertise to create a city that is a world class destination

Research study into the short to medium term skill needs of the four Yorkshire and Humber Local Enterprise Partnership areas.

The report explores how the obstacles linking local people to jobs, such as the cost of training and procurement law and practice could be removed.

¶27 It is advised that larger developments would have greater potential to provide a significant impact in terms of employment and skills opportunities, both during construction and when in use. The Board has explored the risk of the negative economic impact obligations (S106) could present to small or medium size developers and therefore agreed that minimum thresholds, as presented during the inquiry by officers, should be imposed to target larger developments.

The Growth Strategy sets out the seven core employment sectors (health and medical, low carbon manufacturing, digital and creative, retail, housing and construction, social enterprise and the voluntary sector) which the growth strategy aims to prioritise and support up to 2030.

The Leeds City Region Employment and Skills strategy research for VisitBritain forecasts that tourism will be one of the UK’s best performing sectors over the coming decade

(2010 – 2020). It is also predicted that the hospitality industry is likely to follow the same growth pattern. The hospitability


Leeds City Council, 2010, economic performance

Employment and Skills Strategy

Leeds: The agenda for improved

Leeds City Council, 2010, Leeds Employment Land (Update

2010)

Leeds City Council, 2010, Leeds Economy Handbook

Leeds City Region, 2010, Leeds City Region Initial Labour

Market

Leeds City Council, 2012, Executive Board Report - Leeds industry employs the highest percentage of young people

(1624 year olds). ¶3.22: Research for VisitBritain, forecasts that tourism will be one of the UK’s best performing sectors over the coming decade (2010 – 2020), with the value added contribution to the economy growing at 3.5% per annum.

¶ 3.23: Within the leisure element, hospitality accounts for over 55% of the hotel and restaurant sector employment. It has the highest percentage of workforce who are aged 16-19 at 24.5% compared to average for all sectors at 4.7%, and the biggest share of 20-24 year olds.

¶3.61: The population in receipt of “workless benefits” represents an underused labour supply. Many of these people may wish to work even though they may not actively be looking for employment. However, they often face a number of barriers to employment (e.g low skills, lack of availability of transport and childcare, effects of benefits system, poor health, debt, etc) and can therefore be isolated from the labour market.

Although Leeds is a city of regional, national and growing international importance this is not the full story, as there are still areas where the city needs to improve and key challenges which must be addressed. These include; the

City’s economic performance at a European level; the continued high levels of deprivation, particularly in the inner city; the need for improved enterprise and residents skills levels; and major improvements to th e City’s transport networks.

The purpose of the study is to review the demand for and supply of employment land and premises across the Leeds district.

The annual publication covering all aspects of the Leeds economy.

¶2.7: Commuting flows into Leeds are particularly significant.

¶2.13 – 2.18 : Leeds is the main employment centre in the

City Region. Leeds has the greatest proportion of employment in the business service sector.

¶3.54: Leeds continues to face a significant skills challenge

A mandatory requirement of having an Enterprise Zone is

Enterprise Zone Update

Leeds City Region, 2011, LCR Interim Strategy Statement

Leeds City Region, 2012, Unlocking our economic potential: A

Leeds City Region Deal that the planning process is genuinely simplified to encourage business growth.

The Interim Strategy Statement establishes the strategic policy position in place of the revoked Regional Spatial

Strategy.

The Proposal includes key economic priorities including tackling skills & worklessness, transport improvements, increasing investment and closing the pay gap.

ECOTEC, 2010, Impact of Employment growth on housing buying

Examines the impact of the pattern and type of job growth on households ability to purchase housing in the Yorkshire and

Humberside region.

Policy S P9: P ROVIS ION FOR OFFICE S, INDUST RY AND WARE HOUSI NG, EMPL OYMENT L AND AND PREMIS ES

Key elements

Overall policy

Evidence base


Policy Framework

Communities and Local Government, 2011, Draft National

Planning Policy Framework


Specific references

¶7: the role of planning and sustainable development

¶22: need to avoid the long term protection of sites allocated for employment use where there is no reasonable prospect of a site being used for that purpose.

¶23: allocate a range of suitable sites to meet the scale and type of office needed in town centres. It is important that needs for office are met in full and are not compromised by limited site availability. Local authorities should therefore undertake an assessment of the need to expand town centres to ensure a sufficient supply of suitable sites

¶29: should have a clear understanding of business needs within the economic markets operating in and across their area.

¶30: use this evidence-base to assess:

 the requirements for land or floorspace for economic development

 the existing and future supply of land available for economic development

The review provides information and justification for the amount of land that is proposed for the B use class

2010)

Leeds City Council, 2006, Leeds Employment Land

Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, 2004, Employment Land

Reviews – Guidance Note employment uses for the Leeds district.

This a partial review of the earlier study which reflects changes in circumstances in particular,

- change in planning policy at the time including the publication of the then Draft National Planning Policy

Framework and Planning Policy Statement 4: Planning for Economic Development)

The base date of 31 March 2010 has been used for the assessment of the existing employment land supply.

The consultants Arup produced the Leeds Employment Land

Review which was a full review in March 2006 however this document is now out of date.

The report includes a range of methods and data sources for both quantitative and qualitative, to ensure a comprehensive and well-grounded approach.

The guidance note provides specific advice to identify an up to date and balanced portfolio of employment sites and the tools with which to assess demand for and supply of land for land for employment.

Policy S P10: GREE N BE LT

Key elements

Overall policy approach

Evidence base


Policy Framework


¶14 Presumption in Favour of Sustainable Development

¶79 to ¶90 protecting Green Belt land

Sets out initial sites for allocation Leeds Site Allocations Plan: Issues and Options (to be published in June 2013)

Leeds City Council, 2012, Green Belt Review Proforma

Methodology

Policy S P11: T RANSPORT I NFRASTRUCTURE I NV ESTM ENT PRIORITI ES

Key elements

Overall approach and framework for policy

Evidence base


Policy Framework


Section 4 ‘Promoting Sustainable Transport’ outlines that the transport system needs to be balanced in favour of sustainable transport modes, giving people a real choice

Spatial Priorities


Strategy

West Yorkshire Integrated Transport Authority, 2012,

Executive Board Report on West Yorkshire Plus Transport

Fund

Leeds City Region Transport

West Yorkshire Local Plan Partnership, 2012, Draft Rail Plan

7 about how they travel. Encouragement should be given to solutions which support reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and reduce congestion

Planning policies should aim for a balance of land uses within their area so that people can be encouraged to minimise journey lengths for employment, shopping, leisure, education and other activities

Sets out how transport should support the future development and prosperity of the Leeds City Region in the context of the transition to a lower carbon economy. The strategy identifies the main issues and priority challenges for transport, and the wider policy and spatial outcomes that transport needs to support.

Leaders confirmed in their City Deal with Government in July

2012, that they intend toput in place a £1billion fund to invest in transport over the next decade. Leaders have previously agreed that the development of a West Yorkshire Transport

Fund (WYTF) has the potential to:



Generate significant additional economic investment that would deliver jobs in the short and longer term;



Enhance connectivity to, from and within West

Yorkshire;



Establish a fully integrated transport system for West

Yorkshire; and



Substantially reduce dependence on central funding, giving local communities and

 businesses surety over a 10 year programme of

Major Transport Schemes.

Seeks to build on the Local Transport Plan (LTP3) 2011-26 and the Yorkshire Rail Network Study by setting out Metro’s approach to deliver sustainable economic growth by improving the rail network in West Yorkshire. Rail Plan will be used to influence the key decision makers in Government and the rail industry to secure improvements to the network and deliver economic growth. Rail Plan 7 reflects the general aspirations of SP11(i) and (x)

Map 9 – Key elements of Leeds

Transport Strategy

City Centre

West Yorkshire Local Transport Plan 2011-2026

METRO, 2009, Investing in public transport – a framework for

Leeds


Plan

Leeds City Council, 2012

(Draft) Leeds Local implementation

Transport Planning (March 2012)

Scrutiny Board (Sustainable Economy and Culture)

The LTP is the statutory plan for transport in West Yorkshire and sets out the needs, objectives, ambitions and strategy over the medium to long term. The vision is ‘Working together to ensure that West Yorkshire’s transport system connects people and places in ways that support the economy, the environment and quality of life’.

In this report a framework is set out for the development of the public transport system in Leeds. It shows how we plan to enhance our rail network and bus system. New

Generation Transport, or NGT, a rapid transit system for

Leeds being jointly promoted by Metro and the City Council, is at the heart of this approach, as reflected in the aspirations of SP11.

The Draft Leeds LIP and Transport Strategy document have been prepared to complement the overall plan for West

Yorkshire by setting out in greater detail the planned investments in transport at the local level over the next three years. Recognising the need to also give greater clarity to transport planning for Leeds, the document elaborates on the detail of future transport strategy, aspirations and programme of schemes for Leeds and shows how these support the objectives of the overarching LTP document.

The aspirations of the LIP are reflected in SP11.

The report contains a draft Transport Strategy for the City

Centre and outlines the key challenges for transport provision are described in terms of ensuring adequate investment; managing demand for travel from a widening and potentially growing commuter catchments; supporting the development of the bus network; the major opportunity that a high speed rail network will bring; and ensuring good connectivity and mobility remains possible in local communities.

Policy S P12: MANAGING THE GROWTH OF LEEDS BRADF ORD INT ERNATIONAL AI RPORT

Key elements

Overall context

Evidence base


Policy Framework


When planning for ports, airports and airfields that are not subject to a separate national policy statement, plans should take account of their growth and role in serving business, leisure, training and emergency service needs. Plans should take account of this Framework as well as the principles set out in the relevant national policy statements and the

Government Framework for UK Aviation. NPPF Section 31 and 33.

Leeds Bradford International Airport Economic Impact

Assessment


Strategy

Leeds City Region Transport

Department for Transport, 2003,

White Paper

The Future of Air Transport

Leeds Bradford International Airport, 2005 The LBIA

Masterplan and Airport Access Strategy (2005

West Yorkshire Local Plan Partnership, 2011, West Yorkshire

Local Transport Plan 2011-2026

West Yorkshire Local Plan Partnership, 2012,

7

– 2016) LBIA.

Draft Rail Plan

This plan sets out how transport should support the future development and prosperity of the Leeds City Region in the context of the transition to a lower carbon economy. The strategy identifies improved surface access to the airport as a policy priority.

¶1.4.2 The City Region Development Programme (CRDP)

¶4.4.8 Airport Growth

¶5.2.2 The International Gateways

Sets out the strategic framework for the development of airport capacity in the United Kingdom over the next 30 years, against the wider context of the air transport sector. Chapter

8 – The North of England - Leeds Bradford International

Airport page 88.

Sets out the stages of development for Leeds Bradford

Airport over the next 10 years and outlines general proposals for the period from 2016 to 2030Masterplan looks at the development of the Airport and its forecast growth in passengers until 2030.

LTP3 sets the framework for the policy. Specific Airport references include:



Land Use planning - Proposal 12 (p 60)



3.5 Transport Issues for Economic Growth (page 41)



Investment to support local economic objectives,

Local Development Frameworks and Housing Growth

Areas (p 74)

Includes details on the Horsforth Line Improvements, including the Tram Train Link to LBIA. 5.9. Harrogate Line

(Leeds – Harrogate – York) page 68.

Policy S P13 : STRATEGIC GRE EN INFRAST RUCT URE

Key elements

Compatibility of strategically planned GI and urban growth

Evidence base

Natural England, 2012, Microeconomic Evidence for the

Benefits of Investment in the Environment


Enhancing and extending GI by linking green spaces or by filling gaps in GI corridors, including into City Centre.

Gill, Handley et al, 2006, Adapting Cities to Climate Change:

The role of Green Infrastructure

Enhancing and extending

Strategic GI to maximise multiple functions and resultant benefits. Focusing upon enhancement of nine identified strategic GI corridors.


Strategic GI to maximise multiple functions and resultant benefits. Focusing upon enhancement of nine identified strategic GI corridors. These have the Aire valley as the strategic ‘hub’ allowing the City’s strategic GI to extend from urban centres through the green corridors to open countryside,

Natural England Leeds Strategic Green Infrastructure Map

(2010)

Natural England, 2009, Green Infrastructure Guidance

Natural England, 2000, Yorkshire and the Humber Green

Infrastructure Mapping Project

Leeds City Region, 2011, Green Infrastructure Study

Modelling at Manchester University showed that current maximum temperatures in the city centre of 27.9 degrees C were projected to increase by up to 3.7 degrees C by the

2080s. However, they could keep close to the current maximum by a increasing green cover by 10%. Conversely, if 10% of the green cover were removed, temperatures in

Manchester could be 7-8 degrees C warmer.

This report provided a ‘wake up call’ in relation to the important (and cost effective) role that well planned Green

Infrastructure can play in our adaptation to climate change.

Leeds’ strategic GI Mapped (2010) in partnership with LCC following guidance detailed in Natural England’s ‘Green

Infrastructure Guidance (2009)’.

Building upon the unique natural topography of the Leeds district with its existing, well defined green corridors, this mapping exercise succinctly sets out the importance of green infrastructure and the drivers for it, as well as the key environmental functions and the socio-economic benefits of the green infrastructure approach.. It articulates the importance of early planning for green infrastructure and integrating green infrastructure strategies within spatial planning. It also focuses on how delivery can be achieved.

Identifies Policy Priorities and promotes a GI typology to aid identification of the most important GI functions as a tool to creating a hierarchy for strategic GO corridors.

This worked strongly influenced the creation of SP13 and the

Strategic GI Map (Map15).

Focused on Leeds City Region scale and identifies 4 strategic objectives:



Promoting Sustainable Growth and Economic

Development



Adapting to and mitigating climate change



Encouraging Health and Wellbeing



Improving Biodiversity

The strategy identifies 4 Strategic Investment initiatives and identifies the River Aire as a major Strategic Project (‘Fresh

supporting the natural, recreational and ecological processes which are integral to health and quality of life in sustainable communities.


Strategic GI to maximise multiple functions and resultant benefits. Focusing upon enhancement of nine identified strategic GI corridors.

Forestry Commission, 2010, Benefits of Green Infrastructure

Aire’ – major partnership initiative that will shape and help co-ordinate all activity within the Aire and Calder river valley system. Fusing issues of environmental conservation, enhancement and land management and making this compatible with enhancing the wider City Region’s growth and economic development.

Provides the evidence and puts this in context to describe maximised if ‘green space creation and management are integrated with traditional land development and built infrastructure to cre ate a strong ‘connectivity’.

Focuses upon:



Climate change adaptation



Health and well being



Economic Growth And Investment



Land Regeneration



Wildlife and Habitats



Stronger Communities

Chapter 5: Strategic Themes and Policies

Policy CC1 : CI TY CENT RE DE VELO PMENT

Key elements

Overall approach and genesis of policy

Evidence base


Policy Framework


¶17.11 - Actively manage patterns of growth to make fullest possible use of public transport, walking and cycling, and focus significant development in locations which are or can be made sustainable.

¶23.1 - Recognise town centres as heart of communities and support viability and vitality.

¶23.2 - define network and hierarchy of centres resilient to future economic changes

¶23.3 - Define boundaries town centres and primary shopping areas, primary and secondary frontages. Set policies which make clear which uses will be permitted in such locations.

¶23.4 - promote competitive town centres that provide customer choice and diverse retail offer and reflect

LCC, Various Dates, City Centre Area Action Plan (and supporting documents)


Statement 6: Planning for Town Centres


Planning Policy

Planning Policy


Government Office for Yorkshire and Humber, 2008, Yorkshire and Humber Plan individuality.

¶23.9 - Recognise that residential development can plan an important role in ensuring the vitality of centres, set out policies to encourage this

¶34 - Plans should ensure developments that generate significant movement are located where the need to travel will be minimised and the use of sustainable transport modes can be maximised.

¶70.1 - Plan positively for the provision and use of shared space, community facilities (such as local shops, meeting places, sports venues, cultural buildings, public houses and places of worship) and other local services to enhance the sustainability of communities and residential environments.

¶70.2 – Guard against the unnecessary loss of valued facilities and services, particularly where this would reduce the community’s ability to meet its day-to-day needs.

¶70.3 - Ensure that established shops, facilities and services are able to develop and modernise in a way that is sustainable, and retained for the benefit of the community

¶70.4 - Ensure an integrated approach to considering the location of housing, economic uses and community facilities and services.

¶161.3 - Use evidence base to assess the role and function of town centres and the relationship between them, including any trends in the performance of centres.

Preparation of this AAP was abandoned in 2008 but the evidence base remains relevant for the Core Strategy and

Policies CC1 to CC3. In particular significant public consultation was undertaken and the results of this have fed into the policy.

Extant at time of early work on Core Strategy. Directed its centres first principles and informed emerging sequential approach.



Established Leeds as one of the four regional cities. Towns and local service centres to be accessible and vibrant places which should be the main focus for housing, employment, shopping and leisure. Policy YH4 - regional cities should be the prime focus for development, including shopping, leisure

Colliers, 2011,

Study

Leeds City Centre, Town and Local Centres

Experian, 2010, Experian Retail Planner Note Briefing Note

8.1

Experian Retail Planner Note Briefing Note 10, September

2012

Leeds City Council, 2011, Eastgate and Harewood Quarter –

Application 11/01000/OT and employment.

The Study aim was to provide an up to date, comprehensive picture of current and future capacity for retailing and related town centre uses across the District and to project the future retail need. That included assessing the existing and proposed hierarchy of designated centres and identify any gaps. It supported the centres first approach and helped to determine the detailed sequential and impact test thresholds.

The Study methodology included a bespoke household telephone survey as well as business surveys. See the final report for further information on its own evidence base and methodology - pg 92 sets out the principal data sources, which are expanded in the Appendices. The Study

Recommendations included:



In the City Centre no need for further allocations or specific proposals at this time.



Confirmation of the status of centres on the hierarchy



Support for favourable consideration of small scale stores to support local needs.



Access to convenience shopping facilities within 500 metres walking distance should be a policy objective in the interests of sustainability and minimising the need to travel by car.



Suggests threshold of 1,500 sqm for retail impact assessments.

Provides projections of future spending and growth. Informed

Colliers Centres Survey and subsequent cautious approach to capacity projections in the Core Strategy.

Future spending forecasts have reduced and therefore supports the cautious approach to capacity projections in the

Core Strategy. Is informing emerging Site Allocations DPD.

Application for major redevelopment involving mixed use to provide retail stores, restaurants, bars, offices, leisure, and casino use as part of a retail-led mixed use development

(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, B1, and D2 use classes). Amendment approved April 2012. The need to allow the scheme to be completed due to its regeneration and economic benefits, and allow a period for subsequent readjustment of floorspace, directed the City Centre Chapter and the approach to comparison provision across the District.

Leeds City Council, 2010 Grant of Full Planning Permission for Trinity Quarter Development

Leeds City Council, 2012, City Centre Audit 11

KW Linfoot & Rachel Unsworth, 2005, City Living in Leeds

Application for 3 storey retail development of A1 A2 and A3 units, public space, pedestrian routes, and 8 storey offices.

Approved 09/03/04. The need to allow the scheme to be completed due to its regeneration and economic benefits, and allow a period for subsequent readjustment of floorspace, directed the City Centre Chapter and the approach to comparison provision across the District.

Provides quantities and trends of land uses in the city centre including offices, residential, retail, hotels, theatres etc and an audit of movement, and community safety statistics.

Assessment of City Living in Leeds City Centre, including a survey of residential occupiers. Survey questions explore the reasons why people would leave the city centre and what factors would improve city centre living

Policy CC2: CI TY CENT RE SOUT H

Key elements

Overall approach

Evidence base

South Bank Development Potential table and map – assembled by the Leeds Sustainable Development Group

South Leeds Life, 2012, Website Article - New Free School for

City Centre South and Hunslet


Provides an assessment of the scale of floorspace that could be developed in the southern half of Leeds City Centre, unconstrained by market conditions. Illustrates the overall potential of the area to deliver significant growth. Does not imply LCC support for schemes on individual sites.

Describes the proposal for a Free School to the southern half of Leeds City Centre. Provides an indication of ambition for

Leeds City Centre to host a more diversified population including families with school children.

Policy CC3: IMPRO VING CONNE CTIVIT Y BE TWEE N T HE CI TY CENTRE & NEIGHBOU RING COMMUNITIES

Key elements

Overall approach

Evidence base

West Yorkshire Local Plan Partnership, 2011, West Yorkshire

Local Transport Plan 2011-2026

METRO, 2009, Investing in public transport – a framework for

Leeds


The LTP is the statutory plan for transport in West Yorkshire and sets out the needs, objectives, ambitions and strategy over the medium to long term. The vision is ‘Working together to ensure that West Yorkshire’s transport system connects people and places in ways that support the economy, the environment and quality of life’.

In this report a framework is set out for the development of the public transport system in Leeds. It shows how we plan to enhance our rail network and bus system. It illustrates the importance of transport connectivity to the city centre and in page 11 highlights the need to connect the city centre to

areas of deprivation.

Policy H1 : MANAGE D RE LE AS E OF SIT ES

Key elements

Controlling the release of housing sites to achieve sufficiency of supply, geographical distribution in accordance with SP7 and achievement of the PDL target

PDL targets of 65% for first 5 years and 55% thereafter

Priority for locations with the best public transport accessibility

Evidence base


Policy Framework


Policy Framework


Report and Schedule

National Planning

Housing Land Monitor March 2012



Policy Framework



¶17 bullet 5 which notes the importance of promoting the vitality of our main urban areas, protecting Green Belts and recognising the intrinsic character and beauty of the countryside.

Also bullet 8 encourages the use of previously developed land. Whilst ensuring sufficient release of sites for sufficiency of supply, the phasing of Policy H1 will help maximise opportunity for sites associated with urban areas and for PDL sites to be developed early. This will help achieve the national policy principles noted.

¶111 says, “Local Planning Authorities may continue to consider the case for setting a locally appropriate target for the u se of brownfield land.”

HLM March 2012 Table 1 shows that between 2002 – 2008,

94% of new housing in Leeds was built on PDL. Over recent years this percentage has begun to fall. The historic trend is not a reliable indicator of the future because prior to May

2011, Leeds sought to resist development of greenfield sites, which is no longer the case.

The sieving exercise of 2011 SHLAA sites described in

Appendix 2 which produced a distribution of sites to inform

Policy SP7 also informed the likely percentages of PDL that could be achievable in the first 5 years and thereafter (see

¶7.1.1 of main report and ¶9.1 of Appendix 2).

The background paper ( ¶7.1.2-6) also offers quantifications of the likely greenfield/PDL split of the infill/Extension numbers in Table 2 of Policy SP7. Tables 6 and 7 show that

SHLAA submitted sites over the 3 years of submissions are offering increasing greenfield dwelling potential in 2012 than

2011 and 2009.

Bullet 11 expects patterns of growth to be managed to make the fullest use of public transport, walking and cycling.

Appendix 2 ¶6.12 – 15 explain measurement of public transport accessibility using proximity to bus stops and train stations and frequency of service. The standards were

Locations with the best accessibility to local services

Locations with least impact on

Green Belt objectives derived originally from the Regional Spatial Strategy and were refined in Leeds’ Public Transport Improvements and

Developer Contributions Supplementary Planning Document

(2008). The standards allow an isochrone map to be drawn of land within the Leeds district that is within the appropriate distances from bus/rail stops running the expected minimum level of service.

As Policy H1 is designed to guide the preparation of Site

Allocation Plans rather than deal with planning applications, the plan preparation process will be able to comparatively assess “better” and “best” public transport accessibility credentials of sites, using the minimum standards as a base.

Table 13.9: Origin accessibility: access from housing Government Office for Yorkshire and Humber, 2008, Yorkshire and Humber Plan

Leeds City Council, 2008, Public Transport Improvements and

Developer Contributions



Methodology

Green Belt Review Proforma

Section 4.3 ii) and iv)

Appendix 2 paragraphs 6.1 – 6.11 explains how

ACCESSION software was used to map the level of accessibility to local services in Leeds.


Allocation Plans rather than deal with planning applications, the plan preparation process will be able to comparatively assess “better” and “best” access to local services. Potential to provide new services as part of major housing development can be considered as part of the process.

This Methodology was presented to the City Council’s

Development Plan Panel in July and August 2012 as part of the preparation of the Site Allocations Development Plan

Document. It sets out how prospective housing sites should be evaluated against national Green Belt objectives.

Policy H2 : NEW HOUSING DEV ELOPME NT ON NON ALLO CATE D SIT ES

Key elements

Infrastructure. Expectation that the number of dwellings should not exceed the capacity of transport, educational or health

Evidence base


Policy Framework


¶17 bullet 11 expects growth to make the fullest use of public transport, walking and cycling, and focus significant development in locations that are or can be made sustainable.

infrastructure as existing or to be provided as part of the development.

Accessibility. Expectation for the location of developments to accord with accessibility standards.




Greenfield land should not be developed which has intrinsic value as amenity space or for recreation or for nature

Appendix 1: explanation of the settlement hierarchy

The consultation with communities and business agreed to

Housing Growth Principle 2 “Ensure housing growth is linked to the creation of more sustainable neighbourhoods throughout the city”. This was translated into principle i) in

Core Strategy paragraph 4.6.2

Bullet 11 expects patterns of growth to be managed to make the fullest use of public transport, walking and cycling.


Policy Framework



Leeds City Council, 2008, Public Transport Improvements and

Developer Contributions


Policy Framework

Appendix 2 Paragraphs 6.1 – 6.11 explain how

ACCESSION software was used to map the level of accessibility to local services in Leeds. Paragraphs 6.12 – 15 explain measurement of public transport accessibility using proximity to bus stops and train stations and frequency of service. The standards were derived originally from the

Regional Spatial Strategy and were refined in Leeds’ Public

Transport Improvements and Developer Contributions

Supplementary Planning Document (2008). The standards allow an isochrone map to be drawn of land within the Leeds district that is within the appropriate distances from bus/rail stops running the expected minimum level of service.


Allocation Plans rather than deal with planning applications, the plan preparation process will be able to comparatively assess “better” and “best” public transport accessibility credentials of sites using the minimum standards as a base and to comparatively assess “better” and “best” access to local services. Potential to provide new services as part of major housing development can be considered as part of the process..

Table 13.9: Origin accessibility: access from housing

Leeds City Council, 2008, Public Transport Improvements and Developer Contributions

Paragraph 17 Bullet 5 to take account of the intrinsic character and beauty of the countryside; Bullet 6 contribute to conserving the natural environment. Bullet 10 conserve heritage assets.

conservation or makes a valuable contribution to the visual, historic and/or spatial character of an area

Greenfield land may be developed if it concerns a piece of designated greenspace found to be surplus to requirements by open space, sport and recreation assessment


Policy Framework


Assessment

Open Space, Sport and Recreation

Paragraph 73 notes the important contribution to health and well being that access to open spaces can make. It expects assessment of need for open space sports and recreation facilities to inform the level of open space, sports and recreational spaces required.

Chapter 1 – Introduction – provides an overview of the study.

Chapter 13 – Implementation – sets out the surpluses or deficits for the different open space typologies for different geographies of Leeds.

Policy H3 : DE NSI TY OF RESIDENTIAL DEVE LOPME NT

Key elements

The rationale for intervention to expect minimum densities of housing

Evidence base


Policy Framework

Evidence for the densities in

Policy H3



Paragraph 47 bullet one expects Local Planning Authorities to ensure the full objectively assessed needs for housing are planned for. Part of the policy framework that Leeds needs to help ensure delivery of housing to meet needs is a density policy. This means that land will not be under-developed

(unless there are overriding technical planning reasons) helping to deliver the numbers of dwellings that Leeds needs.

Section 7 requires good design and Section 12 concerns the historic environment. Policy H3 does not expect minimum densities in every circumstance. Consideration of townscape, character and design factors is part of the policy to accord with the design and conservation policies of the

NPPF.

Section 8 sets out evidence of historic trends of housing densities of residential development since 2004 and seeks to show how the densities of Policy H3 align with the density assumptions of Leeds SHLAA

Policy H4 : HOUSING MIX

Key elements

The rationale for intervention to ensure an appropriate mix of

Evidence base


Policy Framework


Section 6 is entitled “Delivering a wide choice of high quality homes”. This implies a desire to see a wide choice of homes

housing

Evidence for the housing mix in

Table H4

Leeds City Council, 2008, Non-statutory interim Policy

Guidance on Housing Mix - Approved by Executive Board

16th July 2008 (link is to full reports agenda – the guidance is item 25)

LCC, 2007, Strategic Housing Market Assessment


Assessment

Strategic Housing Market provided.

Paragraph 50 expects local planning authorities to intervene to deliver a wide choice of homes and create sustainable, inclusive and mixed communities. The first bullet point is to plan for a mix of housing based on current and future demographic trends and the needs of different groups in the community. The second bullet point says “identify the size, type, tenure and range of housing that is required in particular locations reflecting local demand”.

Policy H4 and its supporting text including Table H4 do exactly what is expected of NPPF paragraph 50 in setting out the evidence of trends, needs and survey preferences.

The first paragraph of the policy is not too prescriptive in asking developments to include an appropriate mix of dwellings having regard to needs measured over the long term. It accords with the intentions of the NPPF first bullet point.

The second paragraph of the policy, in expecting larger housing schemes to submit local housing needs assessments, accords with the intentions of the NPPF second bullet point.

This policy was introduced because of concern that too many flats were being developed in the years up to 2008. Its targets are informed by four strands of evidence: historic trend of housing delivery, survey preferences, existing housing stock and household projections

Tables 30, 31, 34, 35, 37 & 38 set out results of the household preference survey for different sizes, types and tenures of housing.

Figure 6.19 calibrates the preferences expressed in the 2007

SHMA by the different household groups of the Pop-Group

Model (used in the SHMA 2011) to produce the mix of dwellings required for the Employment-led Scenario of future housing need in Leeds.

Policy H5: AF FORDABL E HOUSING

Key elements

Overall approach

Evidence base Specific references

Communities and Local Government, 2012, National Planning The National Planning Policy Framework outlines the

Establishment of thresholds

Policy Framework


Assessment

LCC, 2007, Strategic Housing Market Assessment

Leeds City Council, various dates, Annual /Authority

Monitoring Reports

DTZ, 2010, Economic Viability Assessment opportunities for affordable housing highlighting the need for affordable housing and the need for providing this.

¶159 of the NPPF states that in delivering a wider choice of high quality homes, Local Authorities should have a clear understanding of housing needs in their area. The SHMA was used to inform the development of the Leeds

Development Framework including the Core Strategy. In relation to Policy H5 understanding the requirements and needs for affordable housing. ¶7.22 sets out need for affordable housing

The report sets out the monitoring and delivery of affordable housing, including the HCA Affordable Homes Programme

(AHP).

The study carries out an economic viability assessment of the delivery of affordable housing across the District as an evidence base for affordable housing policy.

Policy H6: HOUSE S IN MULTIPL E OCCUP ATION (HMOs ), S TUDENT ACCOMMODATION, AND FL AT CONVE RSIONS

Key elements

Policy overall

Evidence base

A Strategy for Housing Students in Leeds

2005 – 2010


Presents a joined up approach between the Council,

Universities, UNIPOL and resident / landlord associations to encourage sustainable housing for students. Provides detailed history of rise in student numbers and effects on neighbourhoods. Highlights work done between UDP leading up to Core Strategy involving stakeholders. Leeds

City Council’s role with the new Core Strategy - Encouraging dispersal of student housing through the Core Strategy and the Area Action Plans of the Local Development Framework

(in accordance with Policy H15A of the Revised UDP).

Leeds Private Rented Housing Strategy 2009 – 2012 Sets out the strategic direction for private rented housing in

Leeds. Gives further information and data on the PRS and links different departments across Leeds City Council and other stakeholders.

Evidence Gathering – Housing in Multiple Occupation and possible planning responses

Unipol Briefing – December 2010

P.7 of the report summarises the negatives effects that can be caused by high concentrations of HMOs

Provides some quantification of the demand and supply for student bed-spaces in Leeds. UNIPOL estimates there are nearly 25,000 off street bed spaces to let to students. Hyde

Park, Woodhouse, Headingley the most popular areas.

Provides information on surplus bed spaces (2011-12 =

4,144) and estimates for 2012-13.

Article 4 Direction report to Executive Board -5 th January 2011

& Chief Planning Officer Article 4 Delegated Decision Report -

Confirmation

Article 4 Direction report to Executive Board -5 th January

2011



Appendix 4 – Map of properties that are HMOs



Appendix 5 – Table showing the percentage of properties that are let as HMOs either to students/families/individuals



Appendix 6 - Table showing the number of complaints received by Environmental Health regarding issues that can be associated with high concentrations of HMOs



Appendix 7 – Burglary rates by ward (March 2009/10)


Assessment

Strategic Housing Market Anticipates an increase in private renting, including households sharing over the plan period. This is put down to demographic trends, the costs of accessing owner occupation and changes to the benefit system. Especially

¶8.38 – 8.56

CLG response to challenge of Article 4 Directions by RLA 5th

March 2012

The Residential and National Landlord Associations challenged 19 Article 4 Directions including Leeds. CLG concluded there was no justification to revoke Article 4

Directions.

Email from LCC Licensing Services Jan 2012 & Private Sector

House Condition Survey 2007

Shows the number of HMOs throughout Leeds exceeds national average. Certain HMOs are required to have a licence (usually over 5 occupants or over three storeys), the

Council currently has 2,755 licensed HMOs. Private Sector

House Condition Survey 2007 estimated Leeds to have

8,600 HMOs or 3.5% of the total housing stock compared to the national average of 2%.

Part C

Re' New - Assessment of Housing Market Conditions and

Demand Trends in Inner North West Leeds

Leeds City Council, 2009, Supplementary Planning Guidance

6: Development of Self Contained Flats

As context for Policy H6, this report provides the most up to date evidence of student housing in Leeds. The report was commissioned by UNIPOL to examine the current status of

HMOs and student accommodation within the Inner North

West area. Outlines recent changes in accommodation supply, particularly decline in students occupying HMO accommodation.

SGH1 – Original policy on flat conversions.

Policy H7 : ACCOMMODATION FOR GY PSIE S, TRAV ELL ERS AND T RAVEL LING SHOW PEOPL E

Key elements

Overall approach

Level of accommodation need in the District

Evidence base

Communities and Local Government, 2012, Planning Policy for Traveller Sites

Sheffield University, 2008, West Yorkshire Gypsy and

Traveller Accommodation Assessment


Sets the national framework for local authorities to plan for the need of Gypsies, Travellers and Travelling Showpeople.

Draft Leeds City Council Accommodation Assessment 2013

Presents the findings of the West Yorkshire GTAA and provides a quantitative assessment of pitch requirements for

Gypsies and Travellers and Travelling Showpeople. Findings are based on a survey of the Travelling population, a survey of local authorities, stakeholder interviews and interviews with the community. The findings show a substantial need for residential pitches in West Yorkshire in order to meet the backlog of unmet need and provide for new forming households.

NB: Leeds City Council has not accepted the findings of this piece of work (Appendix E page 98). See CD22 for further details.

Work by Leeds City Council Housing Department has been

(to be tabled) done to assess current and future Traveller needs. This is currently in draft stage and awaits Council endorsement and consultation with the Travelling community. This will be completed by the time the Core Strategy is examined at hearing sessions.

Policy H8: HOUSING FOR INDE PE NDE NT LIVI NG

Key elements

Principles of policy

Evidence base


Policy Framework

Homes and Communities Agency, Housing our Ageing

Population: Panel for Innovation (HAPPI)

Communities and Local Government, 2009, Delivering

Lifetime Homes, Lifetime Neighbourhoods - A National

Strategy for Housing in an Ageing Society

National Housing Federation, 2012, Housing in later life planning ahead for specialist housing for older people

Habinteg, 2012, Lifetime Homes Standards


¶50 requires local authorities to deliver a wide choice of high quality homes including for future demographic trends, older people and people with disabilities

These documents set out national good practice for the preparation of positive planning policies to support the delivery of housing for older people.

The Lifetime Homes standard is a nationally recognised set of 16 design criteria that provide a model for building accessible and adaptable homes.

¶5.8.1

¶5.4

Desirable design standard – driveways for parking – gradient of 1:20

Desirable design standard – driveways for parking – crossfall of 1:40

BS8300:2009 – Design of buildings and their approaches to meet the needs of disabled people – Code of Practice.


Communities and Local Government, 2011, Part M of the

Building Regulations – Access to and use of buildings

¶5.4

¶1.13 (c)

Desirable design standard – driveways for parking –

Minimum size of 6m x 3.6m

Desirable design standard –

Access routes to from parking or pavements/pedestrian routes - minimum surface width of 1.2m



Draft BS9266 – Design of accessible and adaptable general needs housing – Code of practice





¶5.1

¶5.2

¶ 6.5

Regulation M1

Access routes to from parking or pavements/pedestrian routes – must not rely on steps


Access routes to from parking or pavements/pedestrian routes – must have a gradient less than

1:20

Desirable design standard – principal entrance door - -Shall have a 1200mm x 1200mm level landing clear of door swing.

Desirable design standard – principal entrance door - -Shall have a threshold no higher than

15mm.

Desirable design standard principal entrance door –

–

Minimum effective clear opening width of 800mm.









Lifetime Homes Design Guide





¶0.14

¶6.1 to 6.7

¶3.1 / 3.2

¶5.8.1

¶5.4

¶5.8.4

¶6.7.1

¶4.7.2

¶6.2

¶7.7

¶4.3.2

Table 2

¶7.6.2

¶4.4.1

Policy E C1: GE NE RAL EMP LOYME NT L AND

Key elements

Supporting economic growth

Evidence base


Policy Framework

Prioritising key manufacturing objectives.

Department for Business, Innovation & Skills, 2011, BIS

Economic Paper Number 10 - Manufacturing in the UK

Specific references

¶18: Significant weight should be placed on the need to support economic growth through the planning system.

¶21: Recognise and seek to address potential barriers to investment, including a poor environment or lack of infrastructure, services or housing.

¶22: Avoid long term protection of sites allocated for employment use where there is no reasonable prospect if the site being used for that purpose.

An Economic Analysis of the Sector Department for

Business Innovation & Skills (Dec 2010)

The paper sets out the characteristics of UK manufacturing and the way in which the sector has evolved. Lack of skills, innovation, investment, supply chain collaboration and

Determining the assessed sites Leeds City Council, 2010, Leeds Employment Land (Update

2010)

Identifying waste use needs Natural Resources and Waste Development Plan Document institutions were identified as barriers to growth and internationalisation.

The Employment Land Review is a technical report, site assessments were undertaken in order to determine whether a development site holds the potential to be suitable, available and deliverable for employment uses.

The waste sector was identified as a local growth sector which offers numerous job opportunities.

¶4.29: Waste uses are employment generators and therefore contribute towards providing sufficient employment land.

Policy E C2: OFFI CE DEV ELOPME NT

Key elements

Location of office development.

Sequential & Impact thresholds

Evidence base

Leeds City Council, 2012, Travel Plans SPD


Policy Framework

Leeds City Council review of planning applications for office development.

European Commission, 2005, The new SME definition - User guide and model declaration

Specific references

Pg 16: Table 1 – Indicative Threshold by Use Class sets out the threshold for B1 employment uses. Which is less than

1,500sqm.

¶24: sequential test to planning applications for main town centre uses that are not in an existing centre and are not in accordance with an up-to-date Local Plan.

¶25: sequential approach should not be applied to applications for small scale rural offices or other small scale rural development.

¶26: impact assessment if the development is over a proportionate, locally set floorspace threshold (if there is no locally set threshold, the default threshold is 2,500 sqm).

¶27: where an application fails to satisfy the sequential test or is likely to have significant adverse impact on one or more of the above factors, it should be refused.

The review involved collating the floorspace sizes of existing offices in out of centre locations in villages and rural locations across the district in order to help to define what the threshold for ‘small’ development means for Leeds.

Pg 14: Establishes the new thresholds used to define micro, small and medium sized. The definition is based upon

Headcount Annual Work, Annual Turnover and Annual

Balance Sheet total. Small enterprises are defined as enterprises which employ fewer than 50 persons and annual turnover or annual balance sheet total does not exceed 10 million euro. Micro enterprises are defined as enterprises

which employ fewer than 10 persons and whose annual turnover or annual balance sheet total does not exceed 2 million euro.

Policy E C3: S AF EGUARDING E XIS TING EMPLOYME NT L AND AND INDUST RIAL ARE AS

Key elements

Identify &address areas of shortfall

Evidence base


2010)

Publication Draft Core Strategy, Appendix 2: Accessibility

Standards


Policy Framework

Specific references

Establishes the amount of land needed to deliver the Core

Strategy Vision over the plan period. Section 5 and

Appendix G identifies areas of shortfall. Sites have been assessed based on a criteria which considers the suitability, availability, marketability and deliverability.

Table 1: Accessibility standards and indicators for employment and social infrastructure.

¶22: Employment land should not be retained unnecessary.

Avoid long term protection of sites allocated.

Policy P 1: TOWN AND LOCAL CE NTRE DESIGNATIONS

Key elements Evidence base Specific references

Centres Hierarchy Communities and Local Government, 2009,



Policy Framework

Planning Policy

National Planning



¶23.1 - Recognise town centres as heart of communities and support viability and vitality.

¶23.2 - Define network and hierarchy of centres resilient to future economic changes

¶23.10 – Plan positively where town centres are in decline to encourage economic activity.

¶161.3 – Use evidence base to assess the role and function of town centres and the relationship between them, including any trends in the performance of centres.

Draft Site Allocations Development Plan Document (to be published in June 2013)

Survey work and subsequent floorspace mapping has allowed for more fine-grained analysis of the thresholds between the hierarchy of centres, the types of uses within them, and some alterations to anomalies in the categorisation of specific centres and identification of new centres.

Towns and local service centres Government Office for Yorkshire and Humber, 2008, Yorkshire Policy YH4 - the regional cities and sub-regional cities and

to be accessible and vibrant places which should be the main focus for housing, employment, shopping and leisure.

Cautious approach to capacity projections in the Core Strategy and Humber Plan: Regional Spatial Strategy to 2026

Sequential approach. towns should be the prime focus for development, including shopping, leisure and employment.

Experian Retail Planner Note Briefing Note 8.1, August 2010 Provides projections of future spending and growth. Informed

Colliers Centres Survey and subsequent cautious approach to capacity projections in the Core Strategy.


2012


Core Strategy. Is informing emerging Site Allocations DPD.

East and South East Leeds and Aire Valley Town and Local

Centre Assessment


Study

Identifies the network and hierarchy of centres in EASEL and

AVL.

The Centres Study methodology included a bespoke household telephone survey as well as business surveys.

See the final report for further information on its own evidence base and methodology - pg 92 sets out the principal data sources, which are expanded in the

Appendices. The Study Recommendations included:



Confirmation of the status of centres on the hierarchy



Suggested that local centres be separated into higher order and lower order.



No support for additional development at the White

Rose Shopping Centre.

Policy P 2: ACCE PT ABL E USE S IN AND ON THE E DGE OF TOWN CE NT RE S

Key elements

Approach to town centres

Evidence base

Communities and Local Government, 2009, Planning Policy



Glossary definition of main town centre uses has not changed from PPS4.


Policy Framework

¶23.3 - Define boundaries town centres and primary shopping areas, primary and secondary frontages. Set policies which make clear which uses will be permitted in such locations.

¶23.4 - Promote competitive town centres that provide customer choice and diverse retail offer and reflect individuality.

¶23.9 - Recognise that residential development can plan an important role in ensuring the vitality of centres, set out policies to encourage this


Study

Sets out retail needs for town centres.

Policy P 3: ACCE PT ABL E USE S IN AND ON THE E DGE OF LOCAL CE NT RE S

Key elements

Approach to local centres

Evidence base


Policy Framework


Study


No specific NPPF glossary definition of local centre, states that town centre encompasses the definition. Core Strategy defines the difference more precisely.

¶23.9 - recognise that residential development can play an important role in ensuring the vitality of centres, set out policies to encourage this.

¶17.4 - Always seek to secure high quality design and a good standard of amenity for all existing and future occupants of land and buildings.

¶70.2 - Guard against the unnecessary loss of valued facilities and services, particularly where this would reduce the community’s ability to meet its day-to-day needs.

¶171 - Should work with public health leads and health organisations to understand and take account of the health status and needs of the local population… and any information about relevant barriers to improving health and well-being.

Policy P4: S HOP PING P ARADES & SMALL SCAL E STAND ALONE FOOD STORES S ERVI NG LOCAL

NEIGHBOURHOODS AND COMMUNITIE S

Key elements

Centres first approach

Support for local service facilities and sustainable modernisation/extensions.

Evidence base




Policy Framework



Strategy Preferred Approach, and Publication Draft. Directs the centres first approach and the definition of main town centre uses.

¶17.11 - Actively manage patterns of growth to make fullest possible use of public transport, walking and cycling, and focus significant development in locations which are or can be made sustainable.

Targeting areas of deprivation

(and therefore CS approach of supporting small-scale retail schemes)

Resisting change of use from retail where would impact on the community or vitality and viability of the range of shops.


Policy Framework

Identified the need to maintain neighbourhood shopping provision for local daily needs.



¶23.8 - Set policies for main town centre uses in out of centre locations.

¶37 - Policies should aim for a balance of land uses within their area …to minimise journey lengths for employment, shopping, leisure etc

¶70.3 - Ensure that established shops, facilities and services are able to develop and modernise in a way that is sustainable, and retained for the benefit of the community.

¶161.5 - Use evidence base to assess locations of deprivation which may benefit from planned remedial action.

¶17.4 - Always seek to secure high quality design and a good standard of amenity for all existing and future occupants of land and buildings.

¶70.2 - Guard against the unnecessary loss of valued facilities and services, particularly where this would reduce the community’s ability to meet its day-to-day needs.

¶171 - Should work with public health leads and health organisations to understand and take account of the health status and needs of the local population… and any information about relevant barriers to improving health and well-being.

Identifies the network and hierarchy of centres in EASEL and

AVL including those smaller scale than local centres.

Centres first approach and detailed sequential and impact test thresholds.


Study

The Study Recommendations included:



Suggested that local centres be separated into higher order and lower order.



Support for favourable consideration of small scale stores to support local needs.



Access to convenience shopping facilities within 500 metres walking distance should be a policy objective in the interests of sustainability and minimising the need to travel by car.



Opportunities for convenience stores up to 20,000 sq ft gross could remedy particular deficiencies, best associated with large local centres.

Policy P 5: AP PRO ACH TO ACCOMMODATING NEW FOOD STORE S ACROS S L EEDS

Key elements

Overall approach


Communities and Local Government, 2012, National Planning ¶23.8 – Sets policies for main town centre uses in out of

Policy Framework

As Policy P1 to P4 above centre locations.

¶23 - Policies should be positive, promote competitive town centres and should manage and grow centres.

¶23.10 – plan positively where town centres are in decline to encourage economic activity.


Policy P 6: AP PRO ACH TO ACCOMMODATING NEW COMPARISON S HOPPI NG IN TOWN AND LOCAL CE NT RE S

Key elements

Approach to comparison provision

Evidence base

Leeds City Council, 2011, Eastgate and Harewood Quarter –

Application 11/01000/OT

Leeds City Council, 2010 Grant of Full Planning Permission for Trinity Quarter Development


Policy Framework

As Policy P1 to P4 above


Application for major redevelopment involving mixed use to provide retail stores, restaurants, bars, offices, leisure, and casino use as part of a retail-led mixed use development

(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, B1, and D2 use classes). Amendment approved April 2012. The need to allow the scheme to be completed due to its regeneration and economic benefits, and allow a period for subsequent readjustment of floorspace, directed the City Centre Chapter and the approach to comparison provision across the District.

Application for 3 storey retail development of A1 A2 and A3 units, public space, pedestrian routes, and 8 storey offices.

Approved 09/03/04. The need to allow the scheme to be completed due to its regeneration and economic benefits, and allow a period for subsequent readjustment of floorspace, directed the City Centre Chapter and the approach to comparison provision across the District.

¶23.8 – Set policies for main town centre uses in out of centre locations.

¶23 - Policies should be positive, promote competitive town centres and should manage and grow centres.

Policy P 7: THE CRE ATION OF NEW CE NTRES

Key elements

Overall approach

Evidence base


Policy Framework


¶17.4 – Always seek to secure high quality design and a good standard of amenity for all existing and future occupants of land and buildings.

¶17.11 – Actively manage patterns of growth to make fullest




Study

As Policy P1 to P4 above possible use of public transport, walking and cycling, and focus significant development in locations which are or can be made sustainable.


Identified the need for a new town centre in the Richmond

Hill area (at Great Clothes site) and for new centres within the AVL, although the AAP is to determine further.

The Study Recommendations included confirmation of the status of centres on the hierarchy

Policy P 8: SEQUENTIAL AND IMP ACT ASS ES SME NTS FOR TOWN CENT RE USES

Key elements

Overall approach

Evidence base





Strategy Preferred Approach, and Publication Draft. Directs the centres first approach the definition of main town centre uses, and the sequential and impact tests.


Statement 4: Planning for Sustainable Economic Growth -

Practice guidance on need, impact and the sequential approach

Guidance to PPS4 is still extant (not superseded by the

NPPF). Provides detailed guidance on implementation of the sequential and impact tests.


Policy Framework

National Planning ¶23 - Policies should be positive, promote competitive town centres and should manage and grow centres.


¶34 - Plans should ensure developments that generate significant movement are located where the need to travel will be minimised and the use of sustainable transport modes can be maximised.


Experian Retail Planner Note Briefing Note 8.1, August 2010 Provides projections of future spending and growth. Informed

Colliers Centres Survey and subsequent cautious approach to capacity projections in the Core Strategy, and therefore the need for a strict sequential approach to larger scale


2012


Study development.


Core Strategy, and therefore the need for a strict sequential approach to larger scale development. Is informing emerging Site Allocations DPD.

The Study aim was to provide an up to date, comprehensive picture of current and future capacity for retailing and related town centre uses across the District and to project the future retail need. That included assessing the existing and proposed hierarchy of designated centres and identify any gaps. It supported the centres first approach and helped to determine the detailed sequential and impact test thresholds.

The Study Recommendations included:

- Support for favourable consideration of small scale stores to support local needs.

- Access to convenience shopping facilities within 500 metres walking distance should be a policy objective in the interests of sustainability and minimising the need to travel by car.

- Opportunities for convenience stores up to 20,000 sq ft gross could remedy particular deficiencies, best associated with large local centres.

- Suggests threshold of 1,500 sqm for retail impact assessments.

Policy P 9: COMMUNITY F ACI LITIES AND OTHER SE RVI CES

Key elements

Centres first approach and the definition of main town centre uses.

Evidence base




Policy Framework

Mix of uses in centres and parades.




Extant at time of plan preparation. Policy EC13: Determining planning applications affecting shops and services in local centres and villages.

¶28 Bullet 4 – Promotes retention and development of local services and community facilities in villages, such as local shops, meeting places, sports venues, cultural buildings, public houses and places of worship.

The Assessment’s evidence base included bespoke surveys of visitors and businesses in centres, which highlighted the importance of a mix of uses in centres and parades.

General Colliers, 2011, Leeds City Centre, Town and Local Centres The Study aim was to provide an up to date, comprehensive

Study picture of current and future capacity for retailing and related town centre uses across the District and to project the future retail need. That included assessing the existing and proposed hierarchy of designated centres and identify any gaps. It supported the centres first approach and helped to determine the detailed sequential and impact test thresholds.

The Centres Study methodology included a bespoke household telephone survey as well as business surveys.

See the final report for further information on its own evidence base and methodology - pg 92 sets out the principal data sources, which are expanded in the

Appendices.

Policy P 10: DESIGN

Key elements

Overall approach

Evidence base

LCC, 2000, City Centre Urban Design Strategy (CCUDS)

LCC, 2003,

Residential Design in Leeds

LCC,

Neighbourhoods for Living

10 Urban Design Principles

LCC, 2011, Building for Tomorrow Today - Sustainable

Design and Construction SPD

– A Guide for


The aim of the City Centre Urban Design Strategy (CCUDS) is to provide a working tool which can be used to encourage good distinctive design proposals appropriate to Leeds City

Centre. The Urban Design analysis identified 4 principles which have allowed the document to be structured in terms of Form (buildings and morphology), Movement (vehicles and pedestrians), Space (types and landscapes) and Use

(activity and regeneration)

Provides relevant guidance for all types of residential proposal, ranging from small scale infill housing schemes to major projects on large sites involving a mix of uses. The fundamental aim of the guide is to develop better houses and better places to ensure the highest quality, sustainable places to live. In response to these broad-ranging issues/aspirations an extensive set of topics were grouped into themes (use, movement, space and form) and urban design principles were established.

These principles have been adopted for use by Leeds City

Council in its day to day development activities

This SPD on Sustainable Design and Construction encourages developers to support the Council’s aim to achieve the highest possible levels of sustainability. It contains a checklist fo developers and case studies.

Developers are encouraged to support and follow the guidance and demonstrate how the aims and objectives

LCC, 2010, Tall Buildings Design Guide SPD

Association of Chief Police Officers Secured by Design have been incorporated into proposals.

Provides clear design guidance on the location, form and appearance of tall buildings so that they can be successfully integrated into the environment and contribute to the changing skyline of the city. The guide also includes key principles required for good practice in the location and design of tall buildings


Policy Framework

¶9, ¶17 and Section 7

Policy P 11: CONSE RV ATION

General

Key elements

Conservation Area character assessments and management plans

Specific conservation assets

Buildings at Risk

Regeneration

Accommodating new development in areas of conservation

Enabling Development

Evidence base


Policy Framework

Current Leeds Conservation Appraisals

English Heritage, 2011, Understanding Place: Conservation

Area Designation, Appraisal and Management

The National Heritage List for England

Historic Environment Record

English Heritage, 2012, Heritage at Risk Register

LCC, 2009, Buildings at Risk Register and Strategy

Townscape Heritage Initiatives at:



Armley



Chapeltown



Lower Kirkgate

Building in Context Toolkit


Policy Framework

Enabling development and the conservation of significant places


Section 12: Conserving and enhancing the historic environment

48 plans in the Leeds MD

Sets the context for how local authorities should conduct conservation area appraisals

Provides a description for every designated heritage asset in Leeds

Comprises: information on all known archaeological sites and find-spots in West Yorkshire, including battlefields, historic parks and gardens and some conservation areas.

Information on historic buildings, including those of industrial archaeological interest.

Provide up to date information on Grade I and II* Listed

Buildings at Risk

Provides information on Grade II Listed Buildings in Leeds and provides a strategy to deal with these

Live initiatives in Leeds which tackle structural and economic decline resulting from underinvestment in buildings and streetscape.

Sets approaches for integrating new development, including for dealing with low carbon and conservation agendas.

¶140 sets out support in principle for enabling development as a departure from the plan

Sets out a robust approach to determining applications for enabling development.

Policy P 12: L ANDS CAPE

Key elements

Establishment of Leeds

Landscape Character Areas outside of the main urban area.

Evidence base

Leeds Landscape Assessment (1994)

Guidance for new development

Site planning and design

Greening The Built Edge (Supplementary Guidance No 25)

Guideline Distances from Development to Trees Securing

Space for Existing and New Trees (updated March 2011)

Site planning and design

Implementation

Neighbourhoods for Living SPG

Village and Neighbourhood Design Statements


Divides up the Leeds District outside the urban conurbation into units that share a common landscape character. The key components that make up the character are well defined.

It also makes judgements on the quality of these landscape units in terms of a Management Strategy ranging from creating a new landscape character in areas where the character has been depleted to the conservation of outstanding areas. Underpins the Special Landscape Areas in terms of evaluation of the special quality of the landscape areas. It is used to inform decision making on what would be sympathetic to the character of the landscapes.

This document underpins Saved Policy N24 where proposals abut greenbelt, green corridors etc.

This document provides advice on Site Planning and Design to ensure that sufficient space is provided in layouts to satisfy both the needs of trees and those of the building users . The distance dimensions in the Dimensions Table at the back of the document allow for growth of different species to maturity without conflicting with the amenity of the building occupants.

Strongly supports good landscape practice including advice on garden sizes and tree retention

Most of these are adopted SPDs. These statements recognise the contribution of landscape as fundamental to these areas. Trees and the management of trees is recognised as being critical to the sustainability of the character.

Policy T 1: TRANSP ORT MANAGEMENT


West Yorkshire Local Transport Plan 2011 –2026 (WYLTP3).

(2011) West Yorkshire Local Plan Partnership.


T1 cross references LTP3 Proposal 11(page 58) ‘Strengthen demand management and enforcement to gain maximum benefit from measures to enable more sustain able choices’.

In order to meet all plan objectives (particularly reducing carbon while facilitating economic growth), demand management will be required - on both road and rail - to

Draft Travel Plan Supplementary planning Guidance

Leeds City Council .

(2011)


Policy Framework influence change. This approach will both encourage the selection of sustainable travel and freight modes and also ensure that the benefits of improvements to the network are locked in. Research to help shape the approach to demand management over the next 15 years was carried out within the Transport for Leeds study.

The draft SPD sets out the circumstances where a Travel

Plan will be required as part of any planning consent. A draft

Travel Plans SPD was previously consulted on in May 2007, but was not adopted. This 2007 document has been fully updated in 2011 to take account of national guidance on travel plans and experience of using the draft SPD over the last four years. Outlines details of sustainable travel plan proposals and travel planning measures. Section 4 – ‘Policy

Context’ Page 6

All developments that generate significant amounts of movement should be supported by a Transport Statement or

Transport Assessment. Plans and decisions should take account of whether:

National Planning Policy Framework (section 4 page 9) outlines the opportunities for sustainable transport modes depending on the nature and location of the site, to reduce the need for major transport infrastructure; safe and suitable access to the site can be achieved for all people; and improvements can be undertaken within the transport network that cost effectively limit the significant impacts of the development. Development should only be prevented or refused on transport grounds where the residual cumulative impacts of development are severe.

Sustainable Education Travel Strategy and 2010. Leeds City Council.

(2008) updated 2009

If setting local parking standards for residential and nonresidential development, local planning authorities should take into account: the accessibility of the development; the type, mix and use of development; the availability of and opportunities for public transport; local car ownership levels; and an overall need to reduce the use of high-emission vehicles. Section 30 page 11

The Education and Inspections Act 2006 places a new duty on Local Authorities to develop a Sustainable

Education Travel Strategy which promotes the use of sustainable travel and transport in schools and further

Draft Parking SPD (public consultation in Autumn 2012) Leeds

City Council. education establishments.

Leeds City Council's Sustainable Education Travel Strategy is a statement of the authority's overall vision, objectives and actions which will meet the future demands on transport provision for children and young people who live in the

Leeds District. Outlines details of sustainable travel plan proposals and travel planning measures.

The Council currently has a number of policies on parking, contained in the Unitary Development Plan and other documents. In the process of adopting the Core Strategy it was felt that the parking guidelines for new developments should be reviewed and amended where necessary in order to reflect current transport trends and wider policy.

It was felt that the best way to both formalise the current parking policies and update the parking guidelines was to produce a supplementary planning document covering parking. Several other core cities have already adopted such an approach.

The SPD is intended to elaborate on the details of the broader parking policies contained within the draft Core

Strategy. The parking SPD is due for consultation in Autumn

2012, and will be published concurrently with the Core

Strategy submission

Policy T 2: ACCE SSI BILITY REQUI REME NTS AND NEW DE V ELOPME NT



Technical Guidance on the use of the criteria tables.


Policy Framework

Specific references provides clear and detailed guidance on the use of public transport accessibility criteria as presented in tables 7.1 and

7.2.

All developments that generate significant amounts of movement should be supported by a Transport Statement or

Transport Assessment. Plans and decisions should take account of whether:

National Planning Policy Framework (section 4 page 9) outlines the opportunities for sustainable transport modes have been taken up depending on the nature and location of the site, to reduce the need for major transport infrastructure; safe and suitable access to the site can be achieved for all

people; and improvements can be undertaken within the transport network that cost effectively limit the significant impacts of the development. Development should only be prevented or refused on transport grounds where the residual cumulative impacts of development are severe

Draft Travel Plan Supplementary planning Guidance (2011) The draft SPD sets out the circumstances where a Travel

Plan will be required as part of any planning consent. A draft

Travel Plans SPD was previously consulted on in May 2007, but was not adopted. This 2007 document has been fully updated in 2011 to take account of national guidance on travel plans and experience of using the draft SPD over the last four years.

Natural Resources and Waste Development Plan Document.

The Natural Resources and Waste Development Plan

Document is part of the local development framework. The plan sets out where land is needed to enable us to manage resources, like minerals, energy, waste and water, over the next 15 years and identifies specific actions which will help us use our natural resources in a more efficient way. The plan safeguards sites which can be accessed from railway sidings and canal wharfs. See - Natural Resources and

Waste policy position docs – sidings wharves mapbook.

Policy G1: E NHANCING AND EXT E NDING GREEN INFRAST RUCTURE

Key elements

Compatability of strategically planned GI and growth ambitions

Enhancing and extending GI by linking greenspaces or by filling gaps in GI corridors, including in the City Centre

Evidence base

Natural England (2012) Microeconomic Evidence for the


Gill, Handley et al (2006) Adapting Cities to Climate Change:

The role of Green Infrastructure

Leeds City Region Green Infrastructure Strategy (2010)

Overall report


Integral to establishing the link between GI policy and Leeds’ resilience to climate change. Modelling at Manchester

University showed that current maximum temperatures in the city centre of 27.9 degrees C were projected to increase by up to 3.7 degrees C by the 2080s. However, they could keep close to the current maximum by a increasing green cover by

10%. Conversely, if 10% of the green cover were removed, temperatures in Manchester could be 7-8 degrees C warmer.

Focused on Leeds City Region scale and identifies 4 strategic objectives:



Promoting Sustainable Growth and Economic

Development

Overall approach and delivery of policy – maintenance and improvement of corridor functions in growth areas



Adapting to and mitigating climate change



Encouraging Health and Wellbeing



Improving Biodiversity

The strategy identifies 4 Strategic Investment initiatives and identifies the River Aire as a major Str ategic Project (‘Fresh

Aire’ – major partnership initiative that will shape and help co-ordinate all activity within the Aire and Calder river valley system. Fusing issues of environmental conservation, enhancement and land management and making this compa tible with enhancing the wider City Region’s growth and economic development.

Natural England (2009) – ‘Green Infrastructure Guidance’

Forestry Commission (2010) Benefits of Green Infrastructure Defines GI and how to maximise the delivery of multiple benefits in the built environment:



Climate Change: heat amelioration; reducing flood risk; improving water quality; SUDS; improving air quality.



Health & Wellbeing: increasing life expectancy/reducing health inequality; improving levels of physical activity; improving psychological health and mental wee-being.



Economic Growth and Investment: inward investment/job creation; land and property values; local economic regeneration.



Land Regeneration: regeneration of previously developed land; improving quality of place; increasing environmental quality and aesthetics.



Wildlife and Habitats: increasing habitat area; increasing populations of some protected species; increasing species movement.



Stronger Communities: social interaction, inclusion and cohesion; GI toolkits covering community engagement; case studies involving community engagement; case studies – lessons learnt; evidence notes covering community cohesion; benefits of GI knowledge portal.

Forest Commission (2011) – ‘Health Benefits of Street Trees’ Review of the scientific and economic evidence on the

(iv) The opportunity is taken to increase appropriate species of woodland cover in the district.

Supporting the need and desire to increase native and appropriate tree cover in ¶5.5.4

Woodland Trust (2010) – ‘Space for People – Targeting action for woodland access’

Read et al (2009), ‘Combating Climate Change – a role for UK forests health benefits provided by street trees. Focusing upon the role of street trees in moderating the climate and environment of urban areas, the following benefits were considered:

 reducing air pollution,

 providing an environment conducive to physical activities,

 reducing stress and improving mental health,

 reducing noise levels,

 cooling air in summer by giving shade (including associated savings to the National Health Service

(NHS) from avoided heat stroke),

 reducing ultraviolet radiation through shading

(including associated savings to the NHS from avoided skin cancer),

 reducing wind speeds in winter thereby reducing heat loss from buildings.

Evidence based approach to describe the multiple benefits that woodlands located close to people can bring to strategic

GI (Section 1 – Context). Woodland Trust research recommending that everyone should have access to a minimum of 2 hectares of woodland within 500m of where they live and a minimum of 20+ hectares within 4km of where they live.

Highlights in particular the benefits to:

 health and wellbeing, and costs to national economy in treating both physical and mental health disorders

(£8.2 Billion per annum);

 how trees and woods improve ecosystem services and the benefits these bring;

 providing cost effective solutions to adapting to the effects of climate change – including carbon sequestration, lowering urban heat Island temperatures, mitigating effects of flooding and contributing to Sustainable Urban drainage; and

 important contribution played by native woodland to improving biodiversity.

An assessment of the potential of the UK’s trees and woodlands to mitigate and adapt to climate change. This is an important and influential report. It forms a synthesis of scientific evidence that demonstrates how increasing tree and woodland cover in the UK would have a major multibeneficiary effect on helping to adapt to climate change, in



Policy G2: CRE ATI ON OF NEW TREE COVE R

Key elements

Supporting the need and desire to increase native and appropriate tree cover

Evidence base

Trees and Design Action Group (2012) Trees in the

Townscape – A Guide for Decision Makers terms of carbon sequestration, flood alleviation, reduction of air pollutants, temperature regulation, provision of carbon lean bio-fuels plus utilisation of timber products (transfer of carbon to a long-term store) etc.

‘Woodland creation provides highly cost-effective and achievable abatement of Green House Gas emissions when compared with potential abatement options across other sectors.’ (pp.1 – Key Findings)

Evaluation of the science reviewed by this report ‘… shows that the UK forestry sector can contribute significantly both to the abatement of emissions and to ensuring, through effective adaptation, that the multiple benefits of sustainable fores t management continue to be provided.’ (pp.5 – first paragraph)

Emphasises the economic contribution that urban trees bring to the built environment and the importance of developing a balanced green and ‘grey’ infrastructure .


Principle 6 – Seeking Multiple Benefits that trees can deliver as part of a local green infrastructure system (pages 41-45)



Improving quality of place



Contributing to Economic potential



Improved public Health and Wellbeing



Facilitating improved nature conservation and connectivity



Fruit trees and orchards contributing to community food growing initiatives.



Traffic calming – strategic placed street trees can help to slow down cars



Stormwater management – trees reduce stormwater run off and save local authorities money (ref.

MARQ2 case study on pp.44)



Air pollution control – trees act as air filters and can form part of an air pollution strategy on a regional

¶5.5.4 - Woodland Trust research recommending that everyone should have access to

Construction Industry Research and Information Association

(2012) The Benefits of Large Species Trees in Urban

Landscapes: a costing, design and management guide



Forestry Commission (2013) Air Temperature regulation by

Urban Trees and Green Infrastructure

DCLG (2008), Research for Amentiy Trees No. 9, Trees in

Towns 2 – a new survey of urban trees in England and their condition and management

Woodland Trust (2010) – ‘Space for People – Targeting action for woodland access’ scale



Cooling and sheltering – reducing urban heat islands.



Noise abatement – tree canopies can reduce noise levels through reflection, deflection and absorption.

Comprehensive evidence based guide in support of increasing number of large species urban trees in UK, demonstrating how the financial benefits of large species trees far outweigh the whole life costs associated with planting and maintaining them.

Describes up to date evidence base in support of a strategically increasing urban tree canopies to help cities to mitigate and adapt to anticipated increase temperatures in

Urban Heat Islands air pollution.

Supporting the need and desire to increase native and appropriate tree cover – Leeds City urban canopy cover is currently estimated at 6.9%. ¶5.5.8 articulates the aim to initially increase this to meet national average urban tree canopy cover of 8.2%.

Space for People – evidence based approach to describe the multiple benefits that woodlands located close to people can bring to strategic GI (Section 1 – Context). Highlights in particular the benefits to:

 health and wellbeing, and costs to national economy in treating both physical and mental health disorders (£8.2 Billion per annum);

 how trees and woods improve ecosystem services and the benefits these bring;

 providing cost effective solutions to adapting to the effects of climate change – including carbon sequestration, lowering urban heat Island temperatures, mitigating effects of flooding and contributing to Sustainable Urban drainage.



Important contribution played by native woodland to improving biodiversity.

Section 2 describes the Woodland Access Standard and how to develop targets. Appendix 1(pp. 25) describes the

Leeds context and recommends a minimum area of new planting for woods of 2+ ha and woods of 20+ ha.

This report focuses upon the evidence base that describes how well tree’d urban areas enjoy a range of financial benefits that are directly related to the trees.

a minimum of 2 hectares of woodland within 500m of where they live and a minimum of 20+ hectares within 4km of where they live.

¶5.5.5 – applies this to Leeds district, highlighting a need to increase woodland cover by 577 hectares, including the creation of one new large (20 ha in size) woodland in SW Leeds.

Development which would result in harm to, or loss of Ancient

Woodland and Veteran Trees will be resisted.

Leeds City Council (2011) - Veteran Trees & Decaying Wood

– a good practice guide for management

Woodland Trust (2000) Why the UK’s Ancient Woodland Is

Still Under Threat

Forestry Commission (2010) The Case for Trees – in

Development and the Urban Environment

Adopted by Parks & Countryside in 2011, this practice assesses the threats to veteran trees and the many environmental and cultural benefits derived by their longterm retention.

Ancient Woodland is one of the richest habitats for wildlife

Overview of the multiple benefits that tree canopy cover brings to the urban environment looking at



Climate Change Adaptation – countering climate change; tempering severe weather events; moderating temperatures.



Environmental benefits – increasing biodiversity; improving air quality; improving environmental sustainability; enhancing urban and rural landscapes.



Economic benefits – profitable bi-products; indirect contributions to local economies; reducing green space management costs; asset management.



Social benefits – improving human health & well being; contributing to ‘liveable’ cities and urban environments; creating community spirit; enhancing education.

Includes 5 Case studies: city centre; urban area; suburban woodland; peri-urban and rural.

Includes a review of the ‘strategic landscape’ relating to trees at the national level and local level. Looks at trees and

planning practicalities; asset values of trees; increasing tree canopy cover - implementation and delivery.

Policy G3: ST ANDARDS F OR OPE N S P ACE, SPORT AND RECRE ATION

Key elements

Overall approach

Evidence base


Policy Framework

Local standards

Planning Policy Guidance Note 17: Planning for Open Space,

Sport and Recreation

Assessing Needs and Opportunities: A Companion Guide to

PPG17

Leeds Open Space Sport and Recreation Assessment


¶73 to ¶78 access to high quality open spaces and opportunities for sport and recreation

Extant when Core Strategy was initially developed. Provides basis upon which open space audit was undertaken.

Provides further detail on delivering open space policy.

Begun as part of PPG17 audit of green spaces. Provides an audit of existing open space, sport and recreation facilities in

Leeds. Recommends local standards for the quantity, accessibility and quality of open space, sport and recreation facilities. Identifies areas of the city in deficiency and surplus of different types of open space provision and identifies key actions to implement the findings of the study.

Policy G4: NEW GREENSP ACE P ROVIS ION

Key elements

Overall approach

Evidence base


Policy Framework

Local standards




PPG17








Policy G5: OPE N S PACE P ROVISION

Key elements

Overall approach

Evidence base


Policy Framework

Local standards




PPG17








Policy G6: P ROTECTION AND REDEV E LOPMENT OF EXIS TING GREE NS PACE

Key elements

Overall approach

Local standards

Evidence base


Policy Framework




PPG17








Policy G7 P ROTE CT ION OF IMPORTANT SPE CIE S AND HABITATS

Key elements

Overall approach


Communities and Local Government, 2012, National Planning ¶109 includes a reference to “minimising impacts on

Policy Framework

Conservation

ODPM (2006) Planning for Biodiversity and Geological

– A Guide to Good Practice

Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981

Circular 06/05: Biodiversity and Geological Conservation -

Statutory Obligations and Their Impact Within The Planning

System

Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 biodiversity and providing net gains in biodiversity where possible..”

¶113, 116 and 117 provides guidance on planning policy content to minimise impacts on international, national and local sites, and geological conservation interests and to recognise the hierarchy of these different sites. Also to produce criteria based policies against which sites for wildlife, geology and landscape areas can be judged.

¶118 refers to scenarios for refusal, mitigation and compensation as a result of significant harm to biodiversity.

¶173-177 and ¶203-206 refer to viability and deliverability of infrastructure obligations and conditions, and the need for obligations and conditions to be appropriate and mindful of market conditions.

¶2.8 outlines the hierarchy of designated sites. Section 4 provides guidance on the content of LDFs to address biodiversity and geological conservation.

Provides administrative guidance on the application of the law relating to planning and nature conservation as it applies in England.



Part I Internationally designated sites



Part II Nationally designated sites



Part III Conservation of habitats and species outside designated sites



Part IV Conservation of species protected by law



Part V Other duties and use of statutory powers by planning authorities

Section 40 places a general duty on every public authority in exercising its function to have regard to the purpose of conserving biodiversity in so far as that is consistent with the proper exercise of those functions.

Section 41 provides for the definition of habitats which are of principal importance (i.e. Priority habitats) for the purpose of conserving biodiversity

Part II Section 28 provides the statutory protection frameworks for nationally protected sites i.e. SSSIs.

Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010

Yorkshire and Humber Biodiversity Forum (1999) A

Biodiversity Audit of Yorkshire and The Humber

West Yorkshire Local Sites Partnership (2011) West Yorkshire

Local Wildlife Sites Selection Criteria

West Yorkshire Geology Trust (2011) Guidelines for the

Identification and Selection of Local Geological Sites in West

Yorkshire

Leeds City Council (2007) Local Requirements Template for

Biodiversity and Geological Conservation

Part 6 Chapter 1 and Chapter 8 provides the framework of protection for international sites within the planning system.

Provides regional guidance on important habitats and species.

Agreed qualifying Criteria for Local Sites

Agreed qualifying Criteria for Local Sites

Detailed guidance on when species and habitats are likely to be affected and when surveys should be carried out.

Table 1 Protected and Priority Species likely to be affected.

Table 2 Designated Sites and Priority Habitats likely to be affected.

Table 3 Geological features likely to be affected.

Policy G8: BIODIV E RSIT Y IMPROV EME NTS

Key elements

Overall approach

Evidence base


Policy Framework


¶109 refers to minimising impacts on biodiversity and providing net gains in biodiversity where possible, contributing to the Government’s commitment to halt the overall decline in biodiversity, including by establishing coherent ecological networks that are more resilient to current and future pressures.

¶117 encourages planning policies to: plan for biodiversity at a landscape scale across local authority boundaries; identify and map components of the local ecological networks…wildlife corridors and stepping stones that connect them and areas identified by local partnerships for habitat restoration or creation; and promote the preservation, restoration and re-creation of priority habitats, ecological networks…

¶ 173-177 and ¶203-206 refer to viability and deliverability of infrastructure obligations and conditions, and the need for obligations and conditions to be appropriate and mindful of market conditions.

ODPM (2006) Planning for Biodiversity and Geological

Conservation – A Guide to Good Practice

Circular 06/05: Biodiversity and Geological Conservation -

Statutory Obligations and Their Impact Within The Planning

System

Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010

Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006

Yorkshire and Humber Biodiversity Forum (1999) A

Biodiversity Audit of Yorkshire and The Humber

Section 4 provides guidance on the content of LDFs to address biodiversity and geological conservation.

Part III Conservation of habitats and species outside designated sites. ¶88 refers to linear/continuous structures and stepping stones for migration/dispersal and genetic exchange – which is relevant to the principle of the Leeds

Habitat Network.

Part 2 section 39 encourages planning policies to manage landscape features that are of a linear and continuous structure (such as rivers with their banks or the traditional systems of marking field boundaries) or providing a function as “stepping stones” (such as ponds or small woods), and are essential for the migration, dispersal and genetic exchange of wild species – this is relevant to the Leeds

Habitat Network.

Section 41 Provides for the definition of habitats which are of principal importance (i.e. Priority habitats) for the purpose of conserving biodiversity – these are relevant to forming part of the Leeds Habitat Network (along with designated sites) and new habitats for mitigation/compensation.

Section 40 General duty on every public authority in exercising its function to have regard to the purpose of conserving biodiversity in so far as that is consistent with the proper exercise of those functions.

Provides regional guidance on important habitats and species – which will be included in the Leeds Habitat

Network.

Policy E N1: CLIMATE CHANGE – CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCTION

Key elements

Overall approach

Policy Framework

Evidence base



¶17 Core Planning Principles

Section 10 – Meeting the challenge of climate change, flooding and coastal change

Para 93 – planning intervention should be ‘radical’.

HM Government (2005) Securing the Future: UK Sustainable Sets the framework for Sustainable Development in the UK

Development Strategy

Climate Change Act 2008

LCC (2009) Leeds Climate Change Strategy

LCC (2012) Leeds Climate Change Strategy (Update 2012-

2015)

The Leeds Initiative (2011) Vision for Leeds 2011 to 2030

TCPA (2007) Climate Change Adaptation by Design, a guide for sustainable communities

Local Government Yorkshire and Humber (2013) Climate

Change Skills for Planners

AECOM (2011) Low Carbon and Renewable Energy Capacity in Yorkshire and Humber


Leeds Initiative (2003) State of the Environment Report

Stockholm Environment Institute (2006) Using REAP for an environmental assessment of the housing policies of the RSS

Sets a legally binding target to reduce carbon (an important

GHG) emissions by at least 34% by 2020

Leeds’ climate change strategy is a clear set of priorities that organisations across Leeds are working on to tackle the causes and impact of climate change.

It sets out a far reaching, city-wide approach to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and making sure that Leeds is resilient to changing weather patterns. The priorities build on the successes of work already being delivered by the Leeds

Initiative partners.

Climate Change is identified as a “major challenge” for the

City

Drawing on research as part of the Building Knowledge for a

Changing Climate programme, the guide considers how adaptation options are influenced by geographical location and the scale of development. It considers the interrelated roles of the planning system, communities, other stakeholders and delivery bodies.

Highly influential throughout plan preparation. Sets out strategic framework for climate change adaptation and mitigation in the region. Especially Policy YH2, YH8 and

ENV5.

Initial consideration of moving towards a Sustainable City.

Influenced initial consideration of climate change issues in the Core Strategy.

The Climate Change Skills Fund (CCSF) programme in the

Yorkshire and Humber region builds the skills and capacity of officers helping them to better tackle climate change. A variety of training material has been produced.

Sets out strategic level consideration of renewable and low carbon energy potential by sub-region (and provides initial consideration by local authority). Followed DECC guidance.

F ound that in a ‘business as usual’ scenario based on existing policies the carbon dioxide emissions associated

for the Leeds City Region

Yorkshire and Humber Assembly (2008) Yorkshire and

Humber Regional Adaptation Study

Centre for Low Carbon Futures, 2011, The Economics of Low

Carbon Cities: A Mini-Stern Review for the Leeds City Region

LCC, 2008, Carbon Footprint Analysis of Leeds Core Strategy

Scenarios with housing would increase by 8% by 2026. The report was used as evidence in the Examination in Public of the Draft

RSS.

Set context for Yorkshire and Humber Plan and local adaptation studies

From a climate and carbon perspective, the analysis in this report suggests that the Leeds City Region has to exploit all of the cost effective measures and virtually all of the cost neutral measures identified above if it is to reduce its carbon emissions by 40% by 2022.

Study commissioned by the Council and provided by URSUS

Consulting to demonstrate the carbon implications of different Core Strategy growth scenarios using the REAP methodology. This was used to inform the setting of targets for carbon reduction in new development in Policy EN1 so that growth can be sustainable.

Policy E N2: S US TAI NABLE DE SIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

Policy E N3: LOW CARBON E NE RGY

Key elements

National approach

Evidence base


Policy Framework


Para 93 states that Planning plays a key role in helping shape places to secure radical reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, minimising vulnerability and providing resilience to the impacts of climate change, and supporting the delivery of renewable and low carbon energy and essociated infrastructure.

It advises in para. 95 that local planning authorities should:



Plan development in locations and ways which reduce greenhouse gas emissions;



Actively support energy efficient improvements to existing buildings; and

 When setting any local requirement for a building’s sustainability, do so in a way consistent with the

Government’s zero carbon buildings policy and adopt nationally described standards.

Energy Act 2008

Climate Change Act 2008

Planning and Energy Act 2008

The NPPF also states that local planning authorities should recognise the responsibility on all communities to contribute to energy generation from renewable and low carbon sources. ¶Para 97 states that local authorities should:



Have a positive strategy to promote energy from renewable and low carbon sources;



Design policies to maximise renewable and low carbon energy development whilst ensuring that adverse impacts are addressed satisfactorily, including cumulative landscape and visual impacts;



Consider identifying suitable areas for renewable and low carbon energy sources, and supporting infrastructure, where this would help secure the development of such sources;



Support community-led initiatives for renewable and low carbon energy, including developments outside such areas being taken forward through neighbourhood planning; and



Identify opportunities where development can draw its energy supply from decentralised, renewable or low carbon energy supply systems and for colocating potential heat customers and suppliers.

Updates energy legislation to reflect the widening range of technologies that offer energy supply and form the energy mix for the UK. The Act also introduced feed-in tariffs, enabling the Government to offer financial support for low carbon electricity generation, the renewable heat incentive, allowing the Secretary of State to establish a financial support programme for renewable heat generated anywhere, from large industrial sites to individual households and helped enforce domestic and commercial smart metering for electricity and gas supplies.

Introduced a statutory target of reducing carbon emissions by 80 per cent below 1990 levels by 2050, with an interim target of 34% by 2020. Government departments will prepare carbon budgets to indicate how greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced across the Government estate and in sectors where departments take a policy lead

Provides the legal basis for Local Authorities to require low carbon measures in new developments including: a proportion of energy in a development to be from renewable sources or locally produced low carbon sources; and for

HM Government, 2011,

Carbon Future

The Carbon Plan: Delivering Our Low energy efficiency standards in buildings that exceed Part L of the Building Regulations.

Plots how the UK will meet the 34% cut in emissions on

1990 levels by 2020. The Plan shows how reductions in the power sector and heavy industry; transport; homes and communities; workplaces and jobs; and farming, land and waste sectors could enable carbon budgets to 2022 to be met. The key message is that action in all areas is essential to meet challenging targets.

37% of UK emissions are produced from heating and powering homes and buildings and by 2050 all buildings will need to have an emissions footprint close to zero. Buildings will need to become better insulated, use more energyefficient products and obtain their heating from low carbon sources.

Building Regulations Part L - Conservation of Fuel and Power Sets mandatory maximum CO2 emissions thresholds that all new and adapted existing buildings must not exceed. Part L1 deals with dwellings and Part L2 deals with non –residential development. The current 2010 Building Regulations Part L requires that CO2 emissions of new developments (the

Dwelling Emissions Rate for dwellings, or Building Emissions

Rate for non-residential) should be lower than or equal to the

Target Emissions Rate which is calculated specifically for individual buildings using the Standard Assessment

Procedure for residential development and the National

Calculation Method for non-residential development.

The Code for Sustainable Homes

Building Research Establishment and Environmental

Assessment

The Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH) and its nonresidential equivalent, the Building Research Establishment

Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) serves as overall sustainability standards for new developments. Both standards address sustainability in broad terms, and buildings assessed against these standards are awarded credits based on their performance against a set of 34 issues, relating to energy, water, waste, materials and other topics. Based on the number of credits achieved, buildings are awarded a rating (1-6 for the CSH, and from a Pass to an Outstanding rating for BREEAM).

Sets out the viability of building to various Code levels. DCLG (2008) Code for Sustainable Homes: A Cost Review

DCLG (2011) Cost of building to the Code for Sustainable

Homes: Updated cost review

Local Government Yorkshire and Humber (2013) Climate

Change Skills for Planners

LCC (2011) Supplementary Planning Document Building for

Tomorrow Today

See also EN1

The Climate Change Skills Fund (CCSF) programme in the

Yorkshire and Humber region builds the skills and capacity of officers helping them to better tackle climate change. A variety of training material has been produced.

Provides practical guidance for design and construction projects within Leeds aiming to achieve the highest possible levels of sustainability to support the city in achieving it’s social, economic and environmental goals.

Policy E N4: DI ST RICT HEATING

Key elements

Overall approach

Evidence base

Homes and Communities Agency (2011) District Heating

Good Practice

LCC (2009) Leeds Climate Change Strategy

LCC, 2012 Leeds Climate Change Strategy (Update 2012-

2015)

See also EN1


Includes example of Yarn Street, Aire Valley, Leeds as good practice of delivery.

Signals importance of District Heat networks for District and especially Aire Valley Leeds.

Policy E N5: MANAG ING FLOOD RISK

Key elements

Overall approach

Evidence base

Environment Agency, Water Framework Directive and Humber

River Basin Management Plan


Policy Framework

Crown Copyright, 2010, Flood and Water Management Act

Environment Agency, 2012, Aire Catchment Flood

Management Plan

LCC, 2007, Leeds Strategic Flood Risk Assessment


Support for water efficiency, climate change and flood risk management.

Technical guidance includes the vulnerability classification.

Support for (viii) Leeds Flood Alleviation scheme

Relates to (i) by defining the flood risk areas of the district and dividing them according to probability.

Relates to (ii) by defining the areas of functional floodplain in the district.

LCC, 2012 Leeds Climate Change Strategy (Update 2012-

2015)

Leeds City Council, 2011, Community Strategy – Vision for

Leeds

Town and Country Planning Association, 2007, Climate

Change Adaptation by Design, a guide for sustainable communities

Government Office for Yorkshire and Humber, 2008, Yorkshire and Humber Plan: Regional Spatial Strategy to 2026

Leeds Initiative, 2003, State of the Environment Report

Environment Agency, Upper Aire Flood Risk Management

Strategy

Environment Agency, Lower Aire Flood Risk Management

Strategy

Relates to (vi) by defining Areas of Rapid Inundation.

Relates to (viii) the Leeds Flood Alleviation scheme

Relates to (viii) the Leeds Flood Alleviation scheme

Policy E N6: S TRAT EGIC WAST E MANAGEMENT

Overall



Policy Framework

Communities and Local Government, Planning Policy

Statement 10: Planning for Sustainable Waste Management

Natural Resources and Waste Local Plan, 2013.

Natural Resources and Waste Local Plan Waste Topic Paper update January 2013.

National guidance


Provides the detailed strategy and allocations which demonstrate that the parent policy EN6 can be achieved.

Provides policy background, justification and forecasts of waste arising for the plan period.

Po l i c y EN 7 : MI N E R A L S

Key elements

Overall

Evidence base


Policy Framework

Natural Resources and Waste Local Plan, 2013.

Section 13


Provides the detailed strategy and allocations which demonstrate that the parent policy EN7 can be achieved.

Natural Resources and Waste Local Plan Minerals Topic

Paper update January 2013.

Contains maps showing the extent of mineral resources in the district.

Provides policy background and justification. Explains how the mineral targets for sand and gravel and for crushed rock have been derived.

Policy ID1: IMPLEM ENT ATION AND DE LIVE RY ME CHANI S MS

Key elements

Sets overall framework for ensuring viability and delivery in order to ensure sustainable development. References neighbourhood planning and partnership working as mechanisms, and development management is the key tool for delivery alongside the development plan.

Evidence base


Policy Framework


¶173 Pursuing sustainable development requires careful attention to viability and costs in plan-making and decisiontaking. Plans should be deliverable. Therefore, the sites and the scale of development identified in the plan should not be subject to such a scale of obligations and policy burdens that their ability to be developed viably is threatened. To ensure viability, the costs of any requirements likely to be applied to development, such as requirements for affordable housing, standards, infrastructure contributions or other requirements should, when taking account of the normal cost of development and mitigation, provide competitive returns to a willing land owner and willing developer to enable the development to be deliverable.

¶174 Local planning authorities should… assess the likely cumulative impacts on development in their area of all existing and proposed local standards, supplementary planning documents and policies that support the development plan, when added to nationally required standards. In order to be appropriate, the cumulative impact of these standards and policies should not put implementation of the plan at serious risk, and should facilitate development throughout the economic cycle.

Evidence supporting the assessment should be proportionate, using only appropriate available evidence.

¶177 - It is equally important to ensure that there is a reasonable prospect that planned infrastructure is deliverable in a timely fashion. To facilitate this, it is important that local planning authorities understand districtwide development costs at the time Local Plans are drawn up. For this reason, infrastructure and development policies should be planned at the same time, in the Local Plan.

¶184 - Neighbourhood planning provides a powerful set of

Assessed viability of the cumulative impact of policies in the Core Strategy. Identified that were viable although recommended amendment to energy efficiency policy to provide more flexibility, especially in the current market.

The range of LCC guidance documents set out the existing detailed information and policies for both developer contributions and development management type policies across the District, including documents produced directly by communities (Village and Neighbourhood Design

Guides). These will generally remain extant (or updated as necessary) following the adoption of the Core Strategy and help to provide detailed implementation and delivery mechanisms.

CIL Economic Viability Study (GVA October 2012)

Range of Leeds City Council Supplementary Planning

Documents and Supplementary Planning Guidance tools for local people to ensure that they get the right types of development for their community. The ambition of the neighbourhood should be aligned with the strategic needs and priorities of the wider local area. Neighbourhood plans must be in general conformity with the strategic policies of the Local Plan.

Village and Neighbourhood Design Guides

Householder Design Guide

Street Design Guide

LCC Public Transport Improvements and Developer

Contributions SPD

Affordable Housing SPD (and Interim Policy)

Greenspace

Education

Travel Plans

Sustainable Design and Construction

Policy ID2: PL ANNING OBLIGATIONS AND DE VE LOPE R CONTRIBUTIONS

Key elements

Supports the setting up of a CIL regime (N.B. It has not been possible in Leeds to test the CIL alongside the Core Strategy due to differing timescales). Sets out the need for planning obligations and conditions alongside the CIL and the circumstances for their

Evidence base


Policy Framework


¶175 - Where practical, Community Infrastructure Levy charges should be worked up and tested alongside the Local

Plan. The Community Infrastructure Levy should support and incentivise new development, particularly by placing control over a meaningful proportion of the funds raised with the neighbourhoods where development takes place.

¶176 - Where safeguards are necessary to make a particular development acceptable in planning terms (such as

use.

Main piece of evidence for the emerging CIL in Leeds. Its detailed recommendations will inform the setting of the CIL rates and the linkages with ongoing site specific S106s.

The formal Regulations allow charging authorities to charge a

CIL in their area, and set out the detailed regime for setting up and maintaining the CIL, and its links to ongoing site specific

S106s. The Regulations are

CIL Economic Viability Study (GVA October 2012)

Town and Country Planning Act 2008

Community Infrastructure Levy Regulations 2010 (as amended by Community Infrastructure Levy (Amendment)

Regulations 2011)

Localism Act 2011 environmental mitigation or compensation), the development should not be approved if the measures required cannot be secured through appropriate conditions or agreements. The need for such safeguards should be clearly justified through discussions with the applicant, and the options for keeping such costs to a minimum fully explored, so that development is not inhibited unnecessarily.

¶203 - Local planning authorities should consider whether otherwise unacceptable development could be made acceptable through the use of conditions or planning obligations. Planning obligations should only be used where it is not possible to address unacceptable impacts through a planning condition.

¶204 - Planning obligations should only be sought where they meet all of the following tests:

● necessary to make the development acceptable in planning terms;

● directly related to the development; and

● fairly and reasonably related in scale and kind to the development.

¶205 - Where obligations are being sought or revised, local planning authorities should take account of changes in market conditions over time and, wherever appropriate, be sufficiently flexible to prevent planned development being stalled.

¶206 - Planning conditions should only be imposed where they are necessary, relevant to planning and to the development to be permitted, enforceable, precise and reasonable in all other respects.

Main piece of evidence for the emerging CIL in Leeds. Its detailed recommendations will inform the setting of the CIL rates and the linkages with ongoing site specific S106s.

The formal Regulations allow charging authorities to charge a CIL in their area, and set out the detailed regime for setting up and maintaining the CIL, and its links to ongoing site specific S106s. The Regulations are backed up by further

(non-statutory) Government guidance.

backed up by further (nonstatutory) Government guidance.

Set out the existing parameters and justification for developer contributions across the District.

Tariff style SPDs will be superseded by the CIL (with the exception of affordable housing).

Range of Leeds City Council Supplementary Planning

Documents and Supplementary Planning Guidance

LCC Public Transport Improvements and Developer

Contributions SPD

Affordable Housing SPD (and Interim Policy)

Greenspace

Education

Travel Plans

Sustainable Design and Construction

CD22a Overall Background Paper Annex 1

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Profile of Leeds Metropolitan District

Chapter 3: Spatial Vision

Chapter 4: Spatial Development Strategy

Policy S P1: LOCATI ON OF DEV ELOPME NT

Policy S P2 : HI ERARCHY OF CENTRES & SP ATIAL APP ROACH TO RE TAILI NG, OFFICES, INTE NS IVE LEI SURE &

CUL TURE

Policy S P3 : ROL E OF LEE DS CI TY CE NTRE

Policy S P4 : REGENERATION P RIORITY PROGRAMME ARE AS

Policy S P5 : AI RE V ALL EY L EE DS URBAN E CO -SE TTL EME NT

Policy S P6 : T HE HO USING REQUIREME NT AND ALLOCATI ON OF HOUSING L AND

Policy S P7: DI STRI BUTION OF HOUSI NG LAND AND AL LOCATIONS

Policy S P8: E CONO MIC DEV ELOPME NT PRIORITIE S

Policy S P9: P ROVIS ION FOR OFFICE S, INDUST RY AND WARE HOUSI NG, EMPL OYMENT L AND AND PREMIS ES

Policy S P10: GREE N BE LT

Policy S P11: T RANSPORT I NFRASTRUCTURE I NV ESTM ENT PRIORITI ES

Policy S P12: MANAGING THE GROWTH OF LEEDS BRADF ORD INT ERNATIONAL AI RPORT

Policy S P13 : STRATEGIC GRE EN INFRAST RUCT URE

Chapter 5: Strategic Themes and Policies

Policy CC1 : CI TY CENT RE DE VELO PMENT

Policy CC2: CI TY CENT RE SOUT H

Policy CC3: IMPRO VING CONNE CTIVIT Y BE TWEE N T HE CI TY CENTRE & NEIGHBOU RING COMMUNITIES

Policy H1 : MANAGE D RE LE AS E OF SIT ES

Policy H2 : NEW HOUSING DEV ELOPME NT ON NON ALLO CATE D SIT ES

Policy H3 : DE NSI TY OF RESIDENTIAL DEVE LOPME NT

Policy H4 : HOUSING MIX

Policy H5: AF FORDABL E HOUSING

Policy H6: HOUSE S IN MULTIPL E OCCUP ATION (HMOs ), S TUDENT ACCOMMODATION, AND FL AT CONVE RSIONS

Policy H7 : ACCOMMODATION FOR GY PSIE S, TRAV ELL ERS AND T RAVEL LING SHOW PEOPL E

Policy H8: HOUSING FOR INDE PE NDE NT LIVI NG

Policy E C1: GE NE RAL EMP LOYME NT L AND

Policy E C2: OFFI CE DEV ELOPME NT

Policy E C3: S AF EGUARDING E XIS TING EMPLOYME NT L AND AND INDUST RIAL ARE AS

Policy P 1: TOWN AND LOCAL CE NTRE DESIGNATIONS

Policy P 2: ACCE PT ABL E USE S IN AND ON THE E DGE OF TOWN CE NT RE S

Policy P 3: ACCE PT ABL E USE S IN AND ON THE E DGE OF LOCAL CE NT RE S

Policy P4: S HOP PING P ARADES & SMALL SCAL E STAND ALONE FOOD STORES S ERVI NG LOCAL

NEIGHBOURHOODS AND COMMUNITIE S

Policy P 5: AP PRO ACH TO ACCOMMODATING NEW FOOD STORE S ACROS S L EEDS

Policy P 6: AP PRO ACH TO ACCOMMODATING NEW COMPARISON S HOPPI NG IN TOWN AND LOCAL CE NT RE S

Policy P 7: THE CRE ATION OF NEW CE NTRES

Policy P 8: SEQUENTIAL AND IMP ACT ASS ES SME NTS FOR TOWN CENT RE USES

Policy P 9: COMMUNITY F ACI LITIES AND OTHER SE RVI CES

Policy P 10: DESIGN

Policy P 11: CONSE RV ATION

Policy P 12: L ANDS CAPE

Policy T 1: TRANSP ORT MANAGEMENT

Policy T 2: ACCE SSI BILITY REQUI REME NTS AND NEW DE V ELOPME NT

Policy G1: E NHANCING AND EXT E NDING GREEN INFRAST RUCTURE

Policy G2: CRE ATI ON OF NEW TREE COVE R

Policy G3: ST ANDARDS F OR OPE N S P ACE, SPORT AND RECRE ATION

Policy G4: NEW GREENSP ACE P ROVIS ION

Policy G5: OPE N S PACE P ROVISION

Policy G6: P ROTECTION AND REDEV E LOPMENT OF EXIS TING GREE NS PACE

Policy G7 P ROTE CT ION OF IMPORTANT SPE CIE S AND HABITATS

Policy G8: BIODIV E RSIT Y IMPROV EME NTS

Policy E N1: CLIMATE CHANGE – CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCTION

Policy E N2: S US TAI NABLE DE SIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

Policy E N3: LOW CARBON E NE RGY

Policy E N4: DI ST RICT HEATING

Policy E N5: MANAG ING FLOOD RISK

Policy E N6: S TRAT EGIC WAST E MANAGEMENT

Policy ID1: IMPLEM ENT ATION AND DE LIVE RY ME CHANI S MS

Policy ID2: PL ANNING OBLIGATIONS AND DE VE LOPE R CONTRIBUTIONS

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