OGT Review
Chapter 3:
Enlightenment,
Industrialization and
Imperialism
With your TEAM,
answer questions
1, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 8
Be prepared to explain your answers
(you have 10 minutes)
KEY ENLIGHTENMENT CONCEPTS
* Faith in the power of human reason
* The application of science and reason to the world
* Discovery of truth through observations rather
than established belief systems
KEY INDUSTRIALIZATION CONCEPTS
* Mechanized farming lead to a population boom
* Over-populated work force lead to a division of labor –
process of creating a good was divided into simple tasks
* Productivity rises, income rises, investment rises – new
technology is developed!
KEY IMPERIALISM CONCEPTS
* Desire among European countries for raw materials
* Desire among European countries for
over-seas marketplaces
* Desire among European countries to spread Christianity
and a more civilized culture
The Enlightenment
1.) The American Revolution and French Revolution were
similar in that both:
A. Were encouraged by the Enlightenment idea of Natural rights
B. Sought to limit the participation of people in government
C. Supported the theory of divine right
D. Increased the influence of religious institutions in government
The Enlightenment: Bonus Question
* KEY ENLIGHTENMENT CONCEPT: During the Enlightenment, a number of writers
explored the relationship between governments and the people they governed.
For example, Rousseau wrote The Social Contract in which he examined ideas
about popular consent and the common good *
How did these ideas influence the American and French
Revolutions?
A. They encouraged loyalty to established governments
C. They supported movements for social and political change
D. They encouraged the formation of American and French constitutional
monarchies
B. They supported the efforts of governments to maintain control over
their subjects
The Enlightenment: Bonus Question
* KEY ENLIGHTENMENT CONCEPT: Many Latin American nations gained their
independence early in the 19th century. The relationship between the people and
their government changed. Slavery existed under colonial governments, but some
of the new nations, such as Haiti, did not permit slavery *
The abolition of slavery was based on the Enlightenment
ideas of…
A. Liberty as a natural right of man
C. Separation of governmental powers
D. Individual liberty as less important than civil order
B. The absolute authority of monarchs
The Enlightenment
“If man in the state of nature is free, and lord of his own possessions, why will he
give up his freedom? The answer is that rights in the state of nature are constantly
exposed to attack by others. Hence each man joins in society to preserve his life,
liberty, and property. Whenever the (ruler) endeavors to take away the property of
the people, or reduce them to slavery… they are (removed) from any further
obedience and left to… rise up with force and violence.”
2.) The English philosopher John Locke wrote this passage
in his book, the Treatise of Government (1690). The ideas
expressed by Locke in this passage helped inspire the…
A. Theory of Divine Right
B. American Revolution
C. Separation of Church and State
D. Industrial Revolution
The Enlightenment: Bonus Question
* KEY ENLIGHTENMENT CONCEPT: Enlightenment philosophers such as John Locke
and Jean-Jacques Rousseau challenged the divine right of kings. They wrote about
a government’s obligations to uphold individual’s rights and how the government
should be based on the consent of the governed *
These new ideas encouraged people to…
A. Remain firm in their support of absolute monarchs
C. Look for leaders who would exercise dictatorial powers
D. Engage in revolutions to establish democratic governments
B. Call for church leaders to create theocracies and replace the
monarchies
The Enlightenment: Bonus Question
* KEY ENLIGHTENMENT CONCEPT: Natural law *
Which concept is an application of natural law to the
government’s role in the economic lives of citizens?
A. Free markets based on supply and demand
C. Agriculture based on tenant farming and serfdom
D. Lower taxes on the most privileged groups in society
B. Government control to achieve a favorable balance of trade
The Enlightenment: Bonus Question
* KEY ENLIGHTENMENT CONCEPT: The economist Adam Smith was an
Enlightenment thinker. In his writings, he described how market systems worked
and expressed his belief in laissez-faire economics. His ideas influenced how
people viewed their relationship with their government *
Supporters of Smith wanted government to…
A. End universal suffrage
C. Uphold the Divine Right of Kings
D. Protect their freedoms and property
B. Provide strict economic regulations on business
Industrialization
4.) Which of the following was an important effect of
nineteenth-century industrialization on American society?
A. An increase in the number of small farms
B. A decline in international trade
C. A lowering of the prices of many manufactured goods
D. A decline in the economic power of the middle class
Industrialization: Bonus Question
* KEY INDUSTRIALIZATION CONCEPT: During the Industrial Revolution
of the late 19th century, farmers in the United States worked to
increase their land holdings and modernize their equipment *
A lasting effect of these changes was…
A. Higher prices for crops
C. Increased rural population density
D. A shortage of land for farming
B. Greater productivity of farming
Industrialization: Bonus Question
* KEY INDUSTRIALIZATION CONCEPT: Progressive reformers after
sought federal legislation to regulate working conditions for all
laborers and to set a minimum age for child labor *
Why was the formation of labor unions an effect of U.S.
industrialization during the late 1800s?
A. Unions were needed to guarantee a steady supply of workers
C. Union membership was required for employment in new industries
D. Factory owners set up labor unions in order to control their large
workforce
B. Unions organized industrial workers to protest unsafe working
conditions and long workdays
Industrialization
Population of Select British Cities, 1801-1891
TOWN
1801
1861
1891
Birmingham
74,000
296,000
523,000
Leeds
53,000
207,000
429,000
Liverpool
80,000
444,000
704,000
Manchester
90,000
339,000
645,000
5.) Which development best explains the pattern shown in
the chart above?
A. the Enlightenment
B. the Industrial Revolution
C. the Irish Potato Famine
D. the American Revolution
Industrialization: Bonus Question
* KEY INDUSTRIALIZATION CONCEPT: The Industrial Revolution began
in Great Britain in the 18th century as a result of technological
innovations in the production of cotton cloth *
Which major change in the economies of Europe and the
United States was set in motion by this development?
A. An increasing portion of the work force was engaged in manufacturing
C. Labor shortages resulting from a decreasing population
D. A shift from free market systems to command economies
B. A decreasing need for international trade agreements
Imperialism
7.) During the nineteenth century, European powers
pursued a policy of imperialism in many global regions.
One of these regions was Africa. What was an important
effect of European imperialism in Africa?
A. The exploration of African natural resources by colonial powers
B. Improved working conditions for the peoples of Africa
C. African dependence on the export of manufactured goods
D. A belief in the superiority of African culture
Imperialism: Bonus Question
One objective of 19th century European imperialism was
to…
A. Preserve native cultures and traditions
C. Expand peace and freedom
D. Protect the environment and conserve wildlife
B. Convert inhabitants of foreign territories to Christianity
Imperialism: Bonus Question
* KEY IMPERIALISM CONCEPT: In the 19th century, European countries
claimed that the conquest of Africa would bring the benefits of
Western civilization to that continent *
From the perspective of African peoples, the effect was…
A. A loss of political independence
C. Fewer agricultural products for foreign trade
D. New national boundaries based on ethnic and cultural similarities
B. Global appreciation for African cultures and encouragement of their
development
Imperialism: Bonus Question
How did the political systems in Africa change as a result of
European colonialism in the 19th century?
A. Opportunities for self-rule increased
C. Administrative units were set up along ethnic lines
D. Traditional forms of tribal authority were weakened
B. Administrative units became smaller for better control
Imperialism: Bonus Question
* KEY IMPERIALISM CONCEPT: In 1898, U.S. support for Cuban
independence led to war with Spain and contributed to the Untied
States becoming an imperial power *
What was a decisive factor in the decision to go to war?
A. The opportunity to annex the Hawaiian Islands
C. The desire to acquire a naval base in the Atlantic
D. The protection of U.S. commerce and trade on the island
B. The need for a shorter route from the Atlantic to the Pacific
Imperialism
8.) Which of the following statements summarizes the
effect of imperialism?
A. Colonial markets were closed to manufactured goods from the colonizing
power
B. Land was distributed among the main social classes
C. Colonial economies became devoted to manufacturing finished goods for
the colonizing power
D. The wealth of the colonizing powers often increased at the expense of
their colonies