Naming Molecules
advertisement
Naming Molecules Naming Molecules P2O5 Naming Molecules Rule 1: The first element in the formula is always named first, using the entire element name. P2O5 Naming Molecules Rule 1: The first element in the formula is always named first, using the entire element name. P2O5 phosphorous Naming Molecules Rule 2: The second element in the formula is named using the root of the element and adding the suffix –ide. P2O5 phosphorous Naming Molecules Rule 2: The second element in the formula is named using the root of the element and adding the suffix –ide. P2O5 phosphorous oxide Naming Molecules Rule 3: Prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms of each type that are present in the compound. P2O5 phosphorous oxide Naming Molecules 1 2 3 4 5 monoditritetrapenta- 6 hexa7 hepta8 octa9 nona10 deca- P2O5 phosphorous oxide Naming Molecules 1 2 3 4 5 monoditritetrapenta- 6 hexa7 hepta8 octa9 nona10 deca- P2O5 diphosphorous pentoxide Naming Molecules Exception: The first element never uses the prefix mono-. Naming Molecules Exception: The first element never uses the prefix mono-. CO carbon monoxide Naming Molecules Exception: The first element never uses the prefix mono- CO carbon monoxide Not monocarbon monoxide. Naming Molecules You will have to use these rules on your next test. Common Names Common Names We don’t usually talk about dihydrogen monoxide Common Names We don’t usually talk about dihydrogen monoxide H2O Common Names We don’t usually talk about dihydrogen monoxide. It’s just called water. H2O Common Names dihydrogen monoxide H2O water Common Names nitrogen trihydride Common Names nitrogen trihydride NH3 Common Names nitrogen trihydride NH3 ammonia Common Names dinitrogen tetrahydride Common Names dinitrogen tetrahydride N2H4 hydrazine Common Names dinitrogen monoxide Common Names dinitrogen monoxide N2O Common Names dinitrogen monoxide N2O nitrous oxide laughing gas Common Names nitrogen monoxide Common Names nitrogen monoxide NO nitric oxide Common Names I will not ask you to memorize common names. I just want you to know they exist. Naming Acids If a molecule forms an acid when dissolved in water, there are other rules. Naming Acids Acid rule 1: binary acids (HX) Naming Acids Acid rule 1: binary acids (HX) hydro________ic acid Fill in the blank with the root of the element Naming Acids Acid rule 1: binary acids (HX) hydro________ic acid Fill in the blank with the root of the element HCl Naming Acids Acid rule 1: binary acids (HX) hydro________ic acid Fill in the blank with the root of the element HCl hydrochloric acid Naming Acids Acid rule 1: binary acids (HX) hydro________ic acid Fill in the blank with the root of the element HBr Naming Acids Acid rule 1: binary acids (HX) hydro________ic acid Fill in the blank with the root of the element HBr hydrobromic acid Naming Acids Acid rule 2: polyatomic ions (HXY) with no oxygen Naming Acids Acid rule 2: polyatomic ions (HXY) with no oxygen hydro________ic acid Fill in the blank with the root of the polyatomic ion Naming Acids Acid rule 2: polyatomic ions (HXY) with no oxygen hydro________ic acid Fill in the blank with the root of the polyatomic ion HCN Naming Acids Acid rule 2: polyatomic ions (HXY) with no oxygen hydro________ic acid Fill in the blank with the root of the polyatomic ion HCN hydrocyanic acid Naming Acids Acid rule 3: oxyacids (HXO) _____ic acid if the ion ends in –ate _____ous acid if the ion ends in -ite Naming Acids Acid rule 3: oxyacids (HXO) _____ic acid if the ion ends in –ate _____ous acid if the ion ends in -ite HNO3 Naming Acids Acid rule 3: oxyacids (HXO) _____ic acid if the ion ends in –ate _____ous acid if the ion ends in -ite HNO3 NO3 nitrate Naming Acids Acid rule 3: oxyacids (HXO) _____ic acid if the ion ends in –ate _____ous acid if the ion ends in -ite HNO3 NO3 nitric acid nitrate Naming Acids Acid rule 3: oxyacids (HXO) _____ic acid if the ion ends in –ate _____ous acid if the ion ends in -ite HNO2 Naming Acids Acid rule 3: oxyacids (HXO) _____ic acid if the ion ends in –ate _____ous acid if the ion ends in -ite HNO2 NO2 Naming Acids Acid rule 3: oxyacids (HXO) _____ic acid if the ion ends in –ate _____ous acid if the ion ends in -ite HNO2 NO2 nitrite Naming Acids Acid rule 3: oxyacids (HXO) _____ic acid if the ion ends in –ate _____ous acid if the ion ends in -ite HNO2 NO2 nitrous acid nitrite For the rest of the period… Read section 9.2 (pages 248-251) in the textbook and do problems 27, 28, and 29 on page 251. This is due at the end of the period. .
