CONSTRUCTION
OVERVIEW
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 Others

Standards

29 CFR 1926 Construction Standard

29 CFR 1910:
– 1910.119 PSM

CFR Part 68 112(r), “Clean Air Act”
– 1910.119 PSM
 Can
a site fall under both the
General Industry and
Construction standards a the
same time?
 Discuss
Most Frequently Cited

Handouts
Fatality Information

Handout
HAZCOM
“Right to Know” hazards of chemicals in
workplace.
 Chemical hazards communicated.
 Material Safety Data Sheet.
 One for all chemicals.

Labels
Identify chemical.
 Indicate hazard.
 All containers labeled.

Manufacturer Labels

Material
 Hazard:
– HEALTH
– FIRE
– REACTIVITY

Contact Number
 Do not remove
Chemical Exposure First Aid
Remove contaminated
clothing
 Safety shower 15
minutes
 Seek medical attention.

Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Equipment
Foot - ANSI Z41.1
 Head - ANSI Z89.2
 Hearing  Eye & face - Z87.1
 Respiratory - NIOSH
 Harness, lifelines & lanyards
 Working over or near water

Other PPE

Job specific: - hearing
- respirator
- welding hood/cutting goggles
- leather gloves
- protective clothing
- acid suit
Fall Protection

> 6 feet
– guardrail system
– safety nets
– personal arrest
Harness & lanyard
 Always in manlifts
 Ladders held & tied

Leading Edge Work

Definition of leading Edge
 Exception:
– creates greater hazard

Holes
Fall Protection - Safety Nets
Safety nets and safety net installations
must be drop-tested at the jobsite:
• After initial installation and before being
used.
• Whenever relocated.
• After major repair.
• At 6-month intervals if left in one place.
Safety Nets
Working > 25 ft above surface
 Where use other safety devices are
impractical
 No work until inspected & tested
 Extend 8 ft beyond edge

Fall Protection - Safety Nets
Vertical distance
from working level to
horizontal plane of
net
Minimum required
horizontal distance of outer
edge of net from the edge of
the working surface
Up to 5 feet
8 feet
5 to 10 feet
10 feet
More than 10 feet
13 feet
Working Over/Near Water

Life jacket
 Inspected before and after each use for
buoyancy
 Ring buoys provided
 Lifesaving skiff
Fall Protection
Harness & lanyard
 Tied off above
 Always in manlifts

Fall Protection - Guardrails
Top rail – 39-45”
 Midrail / Toeboard
 Intermediate <19”
 200 pounds force

Fall Protection – Fall Arrest

< 1800lbs arresting
force
 <6ft free fall
 Inspected before
each use
Barricades
 Purpose:
– To warn others
– Indicate danger
– Keep people out
 Types:
– Tape (Red or
Yellow)
– Wood
– Fence
Falling
Objects
Protection from impalement
Ladders





Inspect before use
Firm support
3 rungs above work level
3 point climb
Never carry materials
Scaffolding 1926.451





Footing - sound & rigid
Erection, moving, dismantled
or altered under direction of
Competent person
Guardrail & toeboard > 10 ft
Handrail & midrail
12 inch overlap of planking
Accident Prevention Signs

Visible at all times
 Danger:
– immediate hazard
– red

Caution:
– warn of potential hazards
– unsafe practices
– yellow
Accident Prevention Signs

Exit
 Safety Instruction
 Traffic
 Accident prevention tags
–
–
–
–
temporary
tools
equipment
etc
Permits

Confined Space Entry
 Safe Work
Hot Work
Work which
produces fire or
spark.
 Welding, torch
cutting, grinding.
 Electric tools in
hazardous
locations.

Hot Work Permit
 Fire
watch each level.
 30 minute check.
 Expires after 15 minutes if
unattended
Confined Space - Definition
 Large
enough for entry .
 Limited or restricted entry.
 Not designed for
continuous occupancy
Permit Required
 Hazardous
atmosphere .
 Engulfment hazard.
 Inwardly converging walls.
 Other recognized hazard
Confined Space Labels
Excavations - 1926.651








Barricading
Shoring
Sloped walls
Confined Space?
Egress Ladder
Ground Fault (GFCI)
Keep dry
Handout
Excavations - 1926.651

Examine for utilities
 Means of egress
– > 4 ft deep
– < 25 ft of travel





Barricading
Hazardous atmospheres
Protection from loose soil
Ground Fault (GFCI)
Daily inspection - competent person
Inspect for what?
Cracks - spoils 2’ back
 Water
 Cave-in
 Ladder
 Shoring/sloping/box

Excavation Protection
 Sloping
 Shoring
 Trench
box
 Spoils 2’ back
Excavations - 1926.652

Exceptions to shoring:
– entirely in rock
– < 5 ft & ground examined by
competent person showing
no indication of potential
cave-in
Shoring & Slopes
Stable rock
 Type A
 Type B
 Type C


Handouts
90 deg
3/4:1
1:1
1 1/2: 1
Steel Erection Standard

Handout
Lockout, Tagout, Test

Isolate all energy sources:
–
–
–
–
–

electrical
mechanical
pneumatic
chemical
any other
Lockout
 Tagout
 Test to verify isolation
Electrical Safety
GFCI
 Ground
 All
Fault Circuit Interrupters
electric tools
 Connect at source
Grounding & Bonding


Handout
Grounding
– equipment
– system to earth
– grounding
electrode to earth

Bonding:
– between 2
conductive objects
Tools and Machines
Electrical cords not taped
 Use the right tools for the job
 Be aware of sub contractors
 Protect others from flying particles
 GFCI electric tools

Injuries
Seek proper medical attention.
 Report all Immediately.
 EMS if necessary.
 Clean up blood appropriately.

Recordkeeping

OSHA 300 log
Bloodborne Pathogens

Diseases carried by blood or body fluids.
 Examples:
– HIV
– Hepatitis B & C.

Exposure by contact.
Bloodborne Pathogens

How to handle:
– Assume all body fluids are infected.
– Wear rubber gloves.
Bleach & water solution for cleanup.
 Red Bio-hazard bag for disposal.

Crane Safety
Barricade hazard areas and
post signs
 Inspect before each use
 Hand signals must conform
to ANSI standard
 Signs must be posted at job
site

Rigging - Types
Alloy steel chains
 Wire rope
 Natural & synthetic fiber
 Synthetic webbing

Shackles & Hooks

Hooks:
– safety factor of 5
– safety clasp
– rated capacity

Shackles
Wire Rope - “U” Bolts

Never saddle a dead horse?

“U” in contact with dead end

Handout
Rigging - Slings
Inspect daily before use
 Inspect:

– wear
– broken or worn stitches
– red thread
– burns

Other
Rigging
 Does
angle change capacity of
sling?
 Handout
& discussion
Inspection & Testing

Daily before use

Periodic
Operation of Equipment
Forklifts
 Cranes
 Etc

Emergency Plans

In writing
 Designated actions
 Fire & other
emergencies
Elements


Escape procedures & route assignments
Procedures for those who remain
Accounting procedures
Rescue & medical duties
Means to report
Who to contact for further information

Training




Exceptions

Written plan not required if:
– less than 10 employees
– plan communicated orally
Industrial Hygiene
Asbestos
 Lead
 Silica
 Welding Fumes
 Other Chemicals

PSM & RMP Requirements
Employer Responsibilities
 Contractor Responsibilities

Employer’s Responsibilities
Evaluate contractor’s safety
performance and programs
 Inform of know potential fire,
explosion, or toxic release hazards
 Applicable provisions of emergency
action plan

Employer’s Responsibilities

Development of safe work practices;
– LOTO
– Confined Space Entry
– opening process equipment
– control over site entrance
Employer’s Responsibilities
Periodically evaluate contractor
performance
 Maintain contractor injury and illness
log

Contractor’s Responsibilities
Ensure each is trained in work
practices necessary to safety
perform work
 Instructed in known potential fire,
explosion or toxic release hazards
 Applicable provisions of emergency
action plan

Contractor’s Responsibilities
Document that each employee has
received and understood training.
 Ensure employees follow safety rules
of facility
 Advise employer of any unique
hazards

Test