Chapter
Section
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Objectives
•
Compare the ways Native Americans and
white settlers viewed and used the land.
•
Describe the conflicts between white settlers
and Indians.
•
Evaluate the impact of the Indian Wars.
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and the American Indians
Chapter
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Terms and People
•
reservation – specific area set aside by the
federal government for the Indians’ use
•
Sand Creek Massacre – 1864 incident in which
Colorado militia killed a camp of unarmed
Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians
•
Sitting Bull – Sioux chief respected as a fighter
and spiritual leader
•
Battle of the Little Big Horn – 1876 battle in
which the Sioux defeated U.S. troops led by
Colonel George Custer
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The Cold
Expansion
War Begins
and the American Indians
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
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Terms and People (continued)
•
Chief Joseph – leader of the Nez Percés who
surrendered after trying to lead a group of Indian
refugees to Canada
•
Wounded Knee – 1890 confrontation between
U.S. cavalry and the Sioux that marked the end
of Indian resistance in the Ghost Dance War
•
assimilate – to adopt the culture and civilization
of the dominant group in a society
•
Dawes General Allotment Act – 1887 law that
divided reservation land into private family plots
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The Cold
Expansion
War Begins
and the American Indians
Chapter
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How did the pressures of westward
expansion impact Native Americans?
As American settlers continued to push west,
they increasingly came into conflict with Native
Americans.
Such conflict often led to violence, with tragic
results.
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The Cold
Expansion
War Begins
and the American Indians
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
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After the Civil War, about 250,000 Indians
lived in the lands west of the Mississippi.
Native
Americans
came from
many diverse
cultures.
•
Had different belief systems
•
Spoke different languages
•
Lived in different types of
houses
•
Ate different foods
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The Cold
Expansion
War Begins
and the American Indians
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
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The diverse Indian peoples, however, shared a
common view toward nature—a view that conflicted
with that of many white Americans.
Native
Americans saw
themselves
as part of
nature and
viewed nature
as sacred.
Many white
Americans
viewed the
land as a
resource to
produce
wealth.
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The Cold
Expansion
War Begins
and the American Indians
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
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During the 1800s, the government carried out
a policy of moving Indians out of the way of
white settlers.
At first, Indians in the East
were moved west, into the
Indian Territory of the Plains.
As frontier settlers continued
pushing west, however, this
plan changed.
Indians were
forced into
reservations,
no longer free to
roam the Plains.
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The Cold
Expansion
War Begins
and the American Indians
Chapter
Section
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Two other crises also threatened
Native American civilizations.
Settlers introduced
diseases to which Indians
had no immunity.
Disease
Loss of the buffalo
Settlers slaughtered
buffalo herds.
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The Cold
Expansion
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and the American Indians
Chapter
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Some Native Americans fought to defend
their lands.
But attacks and
retaliation led to
distrust—and to
tragedy.
The Sand Creek
Massacre saw an
unarmed camp of
Indians under the U.S.
Army protection killed
by Colorado militia.
Promises were made and peace treaties were
signed, but they often were broken.
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The Cold
Expansion
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and the American Indians
Chapter
Section
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Frustration turned to violence as the government
moved to crush Indian resistance.
•
The Red River War led to
the defeat of the Southern
Plains Indians.
•
The Sioux were victorious
at the Battle of the
Little Bighorn.
•
Chief Joseph and the
Nez Percés surrendered
after attempting to retreat
to Canada.
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The Cold
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and the American Indians
Chapter
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As their way of life slipped away, some Indians turned to
a religious revival based on the Ghost Dance.
Fearful of insurrection, government officials
tried to ban the practice.
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The Cold
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and the American Indians
Chapter
Section
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In an effort to end the Ghost Dance, the government
attempted to arrest Sitting Bull.
However, he was killed in a
confrontation with U.S. troops.
More than 100 Indians who
fled were killed at Wounded
Knee.
The Indian Wars were over.
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The Cold
Expansion
War Begins
and the American Indians
Chapter
Section
25 Section 1
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Some critics attacked government policies and defended
the Indians’ way of life.
Most leaders, however, hoped that Native
Americans would assimilate into American life.
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The Cold
Expansion
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and the American Indians
Chapter
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In 1887, Congress passed the Dawes General
Allotment Act to encourage assimilation.
•
Replaced the reservation system
with an allotment system
•Granted
each Indian family its
own plot of land
•Specified
the land could not
be sold for 25 years
Westward
The Cold
Expansion
War Begins
and the American Indians