Bell-Ringer: Please pick up a copy of the handouts from the
front table. Take the first 10 minutes of class to complete the
WOD Review worksheet from the front table.
Daily Agenda:

 Bell-Ringer: WOD Review
 Activator: Map Review
 Lecture: Responses to Imperialism
 Review Game
Homework: Study for Unit 5 Test!
Essential Question:
How did Imperialism
lead to European
economic and political
dominance today?
REBUFF- to repel or drive back; to bluntly reject
Pronunciation
Read the following cartoons and describe what is ironic about each of them.

April 25, Block 1
Imperialist Conflicts:

 Mexican-American War (U.S. uses border dispute to steal
Mexican Cession)
 Boer War (British vs. Boers vs. Zulus for South Africa)
 Crimean War (Ottomans, British, French vs. Russia for Eastern
Europe)
 Spanish-American War (U.S. vs. Spain for Cuba, Philippines,
Guam, and Puerto Rico)
 Opium War (China vs. Britain over trade right’s in China)
 Russo-Japanese War (Russia vs. Japan for Pacific domination)
 Sino- Japanese War (Japan vs. China for Pacific control)
 Great Game / Tournament of Shadows (Russia vs. Britain for
Central Asian influence)
Latin American
Resistance:

 Spanish colonies in the Americas
rebelled for their independence
in the early 1820s.
 South America  Creole military
leaders (Simon Bolivar and Jose
de San Martin) use nationalism
as a means of establishing
constitutional rule.
 In both cases, no major reforms
for the lower classes (trade
Peninsulares for Creole rule).
 Due to a lack of self-rule in the
past, caudillos emerge in both
regions.
Mexican Resistance:

 1808 – Napoleon names his brother
Joseph as king of Spain
 Mexican Viceroy uses it as an
opportunity to declare sovereignty
 However, peasants, led by Father Miguel
Hidalgo and Jose Maria Moreles tried to
revolt against the new leaders
 In 1821, when Creole military leaders
realized a new constitution would benefit
them, they consolidated the resistance
movement and declared independence
 By 1823, Mexico was a Catholic
Constitutional Republic
Brazilian
Resistance:

 In 1807, with Napoleon’s army advancing on Portugal,
King João IV fled to Brazil and established a new capital.
 As a result, Brazil achieved an equal status with its
motherland.
 After 1815, when Napoleon was defeated, the king
returned to Portugal, leaving his son in charge of Brazil.
 Influenced by constitutionalist rebellion in Portugal and
military pressure, Prince Pedro declared independence
from Portugal in 1822.
 After a very brief resistance from Portuguese forces,
Brazilian independence was recognized with Dom Pedro
I becoming emperor.
Resistance:

 Sepoy = Indian soldier paid by
BEIC to serve as military in India
 Forced to travel long-distances
overseas
 Forced to utilize new ammo
cartridge encased in animal fat
 Sepoy Rebellion in 1750s  Leads
to direct Imperial Rule in India
 “Jewel of the Crown”
 Ram Mohan Roy  Hindu reformer
who pushed for English education,
social reform (no more sati, child
marriages, or caste system),
founded Brahmo Samaj, and
extended freedoms for Indians
(speech and press)
Resistance:

 Opium War led to
economic Imperialism in
China
 Qing rulers not
responsive to needs of
poor
 Hong Xiuquan leads
Taiping Rebellion that
lasts for a decade and
leads to 20 million deaths
 Finally suppressed by
Qing when they enlist
foreign militaries support
Nationalist Revolt:

 By 1900, China was carved up amongst
Western “spheres of influence”
 Chinese merchants lost out on profits
due to competition
 Righteous and Harmonious Fist openly
rebel, driving out or killing all
foreigners from Beijing
 International army crushes rebellion,
destroying the Qing Dynasty for all
practical purposes
 By 1912, China will undergo a
Nationalist revolution, overthrowing
the last Dynasty and establishing a
republic under Sun Yat-Sen (not
Communist)
A Different Approach:

 From 1868-1912, Japan underwent a series
of reforms (Meiji Restoration) that
revolutionized their political and social
structure:





Emperor restored to power
Feudalism market economy
Rapid, state-sponsored Industrialization
Militarism (Conscription)
Removal of Samurai class
Similar Responses:

 Ottoman Empire: Tanzimat Reforms – In the 1840s-1850s
the Ottomans implemented a series of reforms that
brought modernization and westernization to their
empire.




New Institutions  Banks, Schools, Ministries
Reorganization of Military (bye, bye Janissaries)
Secularization
Industrialization
 Russia: Emancipated serfs, developed transportation
infrastructure, agrarian reforms and resettlement plan,
state-sponsored industrialization, military reorganization
Dealing with Imperialism:

Resistance
Acceptance
Crimean War
Spanish-American War
Much of Africa and Southeast Asia
Boer War
Responses
Rebellion
Reform
Sepoy Rebellion
Tanzimat Reforms
Boxer Rebellion
Meiji Restoration
Philippine War
Russian Reforms
An Interlinked Process:

Industrialization
Need for raw materials,
labor, and consumers
leads directly to Western
Imperialism.
Imperialism
Colonization leads to
nationalist tensions,
competition, and
militarism.
Conflict
Competition, militarism,
and alliances will lead to
the ultimate international
conflict (WWI) and
nationalist movements
will eventually boil over
into rebellions and
decolonization.