I. Post-WWII outcomes?
1) United Nations- formed near end of WWII as a body of
nations to prevent future global wars.
What organization had been formed at the
end of WWI to prevent global war?
I. Post-WWII outcomes?
3) Europe:
-Lay in ruins
-Soviet controlled East Europe
-Germany divided into
East (Communist) and
West (Democratic)
Divided Berlin
I. Post-WWII outcomes?
4) Origins of Cold War
Is this what we mean by the Cold War???
II. Cold War: Defined
Cold War- 45 year competition about values.
COLD WAR
U.S.
and West
-Democracy
-Individual Freedom
-Market economy
OR
Soviet Union
and East
-Totalitarianism
-Socialism: state centered
-Communist
II. Cold War: Defined
THE STAKES ARE HIGH
(BOTH U.S. and Soviet Union hold capability to destroy each other)
1949 Soviet Union
successfully explodes an atomic
bomb
1952 1st Hydrogen Bomb tested
*Much more powerful than the
Atomic Bombs dropped on
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
*Precision Missile Launch
II. Cold War: Defined
NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Defensive alliance between U.S. and Western Europe
(1st time U.S. entered into peacetime military alliance)
II. Cold War: Defined
Warsaw Pact, 1950- Defensive alliance between
Soviet Union and Eastern European Countries.
Canadian Spy Scandal

Canada was thrust into the Cold War world quickly and
unexpectedly. In September 1945, a young Russian named
Igor Gouzenko walked into the newsroom of the Ottawa
Citizen and announced he had proof of a widespread
Soviet spy ring operating in Canada.

Gouzenko's allegations were a wake up call for Canada
and the rest of the world. The event would cause a chain
reaction of anti-Communist sentiments throughout the
West.
American orbit


In the post-war era, Canada moved closer to
the American sphere of influence as
international tensions escalated. In 1949 the
Soviet Union tested its first atomic bomb and
in reply Canada's military spending soared.
In 1950, Communist North Korea invaded the
U.S. backed South Korea adding further
pressure on Canada to build up its
armaments. Canada took part in a United
Nations force deployed to the area.
American orbit
Communist paranoia

The country also became
caught up the communist
paranoia in the post-war
era. Canada joined its
southern neighbour in an
effort to unearth
homegrown communists,
real or imagined during
the early 1950s. The antiCommunist investigations
left a trail of destroyed
careers and ruined lives.
McCarthyism
Communist paranoia


McCarthy was an American Senator who took it
upon himself to uproot and rid America of
Communists. This became a WITCHUNT.
The chill between the two superpowers left little
room for Canada to have a voice in international
relations. But in the mid-1950s events would unfold
in the Middle East that finally gave Canada a
chance for a stronger voice in the new world order.
Peacekeeping milestone

In 1956, Egypt seized control of the Suez Canal and soon
Britain, France and Israel became embroiled in a conflict
with Egypt. The world seemed on the brink of war.
Peacekeeping milestone

At the United Nations, Canadian
Minister of External Affairs Lester
B. Pearson proposed deployment
of an international peacekeeping
force to stabilize the situation
while Britain and France withdrew
their forces.
Peacekeeping milestone


Pearson emerged from the Suez
Crisis as hero, winning the Nobel
Peace Prize for his role in resolving
the conflict.
Although Canada made other
attempts to have a voice in
international matters, for the most
part, it was drawn into the American
sphere for much of the Cold War.
Missile Uproar

In the fall of 1958,
Prime Minister John
Diefenbaker agreed to
accept 56 Bomarc
missiles from the
United States and
deploy them in North
Bay, Ontario and La
Macaza, Quebec.
Missile Uproar
Canada
soon
discovered the type of
Bomarc missiles it
received was designed
to hold nuclear
warheads. The missiles
touched off anti-nuclear
protests in the country,
although Canada
eventually accepted the
nuclear warheads on
New Year's Eve 1963.
III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy
***CONTAINMENT- do not let Communism spread, resist it!
(Truman Doctrine- help “free peoples” resist Communism)
Harry Truman
(1945-1953)