PROTEINS
HAVE MANY FUNCTIONS
1. THEY MAKE UP THE STRUCTURAL AND
FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS OF CELLS/ OF
THE
BODY.
-Every organism has 1000’s of unique proteins
-Proteins are coded from DNA
LIKE MUSCLES
H
A
I
R
AND
NAILS
2. THEY ACT AS ENZYMES TO SPEED
UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS.
3. SOME ARE HORMONES.
4. SOME ARE IMPORTANT IN IMMUNITY.
5. SOME ARE IMPORTANT IN
TRANSPORT.
THEY MAKE UP BLOOD
HEMOGLOBIN.
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
• ALL PROTEINS CONTAIN C, H, O & N.
• AMINO ACIDS ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS.
• THERE ARE 20 DIFFERENT AMINO ACIDS
FOUND IN HUMANS.
• All aa’s have a central C that has a H,
COOH (carboxyl group), an amine group
(NH2), and an “R” group (a hydrocarbon
chain of 2- ? Carbons).
BASIC STRUCTURE OF AN
AMINO ACID
H
NH2
C
R
COOH
AMINO ACIDS
• THERE ARE 20 DIFFERENT AMINO ACIDS
• ____ ARE NONESSENTIAL, THE BODY CAN
MAKE THEM
• ____ ARE ESSENTIAL, THEY MUST BE IN OUR
DIET
• Two amino acids = dipeptide
• Three or more amino acids = polypeptide
• Remember ase = enzyme
ENZYMES
• ARE GLOBULAR SHAPED PROTEINS THAT
ACT AS BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS.
• CATALYSTS SPEED UP REACTIONS.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ENZYMES
ARE DESTROYED BY:
• HEAT
• STRONG ACIDS
• STRONG BASES
• THEY COME OUT OF A REACTION EXACTLY AS
THEY WENT IN
• THEY ARE SPECIFIC, THEY CATALYZE A SINGLE
REACTION