UNIT III Lesson 1
Physical Properties &
Physical Changes of Substances
HEBDEN TEXTBOOK
Read page 41 and 42 carefully.
 Focus on all the definitions listed in it and the
additional comments sections.
 Write out notes for yourself to remind you of
important info that you read ( like a mini
summary)
 You have 15 mins.

Go, go, go…allez allez allez!
III.1 BASIC DEFINITIONS

Describing substances
Qualitative information is ___________________
information
 Quantitative information is __________________
information

BASIC DEFINITIONS

An observation:

An interpretation (inference):

A description:

Data (quantitative) usually from experiments.

An experiment:
*page41
III.1 BASIC DEFINITIONS


What is the difference between a HYPOTHESIS
and a THEORY?
HYPOTHESIS
vs
THEORY/Model
III.1 BASIC DEFINITIONS

LAW: Broad ____________ or summary statement
that describe a ______________________________
to explain how nature behaves when a particular
situation occurs.
They do not
__________________________________________

They are not
_________________________________________

WHAT IS CHEMISTRY ANYWAY ?!
Chemistry is ...
 The study of the properties, composition and
behaviour of matter…
MATTER is anything that has _____________ and
occupies a ______________
PROPERTIES, COMPOSITION AND
MATTER
Property is a characteristic, a trait or quality
that something has
 Ex: water boils at 100 °C

Composition is what something is made up
of…its basic nature from the inside (its
ingredients)
 EX: water is made up of two hydrogen atoms and
1 oxygen atom H20.

III.2 THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
MATTER
Substance is something unique with a set of unique
properties.
Properties of matter
PHYSICAL
vs
CHEMICAL
PROPERTY
PROPERTY/Rxns
Itis a property that is found
without creating a
new substance.
Ex: colour, density, hardness,
melting point, boiling point, pH,
viscosity, etc…
a new
substance is created
It is when
due to undergoing
chemical reactions.
Ex: hydrogen can burn in
air (Oxygen) and produce
water
Hydrogen reacts with
chlorine to produce
hydrogen chloride.
III.2 THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
MATTER

Physical properties can be Extensive or
Intensive:
EXTENSIVE
Depends on the amount
of substance present
(extent).
• Ex: Mass, volume,
shape, height…
• they depend on the
amount you have.
vs.
INTENSIVE
Depends only on the
nature of the substance,
not on how much you have
of it.
• Ex: density, m.p. color
• Used to identify
substances since they do
not change.
III.2 THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
MATTER


STATES OF MATTER
Matter can exist in three common states or
phases:_______, _______, and _______.
http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/character.html
III.2 THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
MATTER
Phase
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Shape
Volume Change when
heated
Space between
particles
ARE THERE OTHER STATES OF MATTER
THAT EXIST ?!
FOR YOUR INFORMATION ONLY
III.2 THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
MATTER
More physical properties to know (page 46)
 Hardness: resistance of abrasion or scratching.
III.2 THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
MATTER
More physical properties/definitions to know (page 46).
 Diffusion: intermingling of fluids (liquids and
gases)
VAPOR VS GAS
Gases are in a gaseous state at room temperature. The
molecules in a gas can expand to occupy any available
volume. On the other hand, the molecules of a vapor gain
energy and vaporize from a substance which is either a
solid or liquid at room temperature
Vapour: it is a gas caused by the evaporation of a
substance which naturally boils above room temperature
(20-23.5 C )

Vapour Pressure: pressure caused by the vapour
evaporating from a liquid.
Ex: Acetone or nail polish remover boils at 56 C.

So any acetone that evaporates at room temperature is
called a “vapour” and not a “gas”.
AND SOME MORE…



Boiling temperature/boiling point: Temperature
at which a liquid turns into ________ .
Freezing point: Temperature at which a ______
turns into a ____________
Melting point is the temperature at which a
____________ turns into a _______________
MALLEABILITY
The ability to be rolled or hammered into
thin sheets
DUCTILITY

The ability to be stretched or drawn into
wires
VISCOSITY
Resistance to FLOW ! Doesn’t wanna move!
 More viscous = more lazy

LUSTRE
How light is reflected off of a surface (oily, silky,
glossy, shiny, etc )
PRACTICE QUESTIONS

QUESTIONS: p. 43 #1-3, 7, 9, 11

QUESTIONS: p. 44 #13 and #15

QUESTIONS: p. 48 #21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 31.
*These are the types of questions to expect on a
test for Unit III ( sections 1 and 2)