Lecture 6
Form classes or parts of
speech
Objectives: •
To teach the parts of speech.
Learning outcomes:
The students will be able to
learn &use : Form classes.
How do you know class
membership of the form of a
word?
Form classes are large and open;
they readily admit new members,
that is new words coming into the
language from other languages,
as well as new words formed
within English, such as minibus
Nouns
How are nouns identified? •
By two aspects: •
-by inflectional morphemes like the
plural(-s pl) ‘s’& possessive ‘s’(-s ps)
-by noun forming derivational •
morphemes added to verbs,
adjectives, nouns,adverbs.
Activity 1.Give examples of nouns
with inflectional morphemes
S pl
1................2..................3..............4............
Possessive S
Sing. 1...........................pl.1..................
EX 12-1 Underline the words that
are nouns according to inflectional
criteria
1.Our president has a new plan.
2.The janitors has not seen the
umberlla.
3.The counselor may plan a different
approach. Home work 5,6
Nouns can also be formed by derivational •
suffixes added to verbs, adjectives, nouns,
adverbs. Give examples(on the board)
examples: •
Accept
achieve
•
Advise •
examples of nouns on P 168 •
Source adjectives
Kind
Pure
-source
Asia
Derived nouns
kindness
purity
derived noun
Asian
Activity 2 Form/make nouns
1.arrive.......................2.assist................
3.important...................4.brave.............
5.book........................6.friend..............
7.cartoon…………………8.free………….
Verbs
Verbs have a maximum of five different •
forms:
Base, 3rdperson singular, present
participle,
past tense, past participle
For example:-ride- rides-rode- riding,
ridden.Ex 12-4 p170
Give examples of five forms of
verbs
1.Base : buy
2.3rd person singular.........................
3.present participle...........................
4.past tense...................................
5. past participle....................................
P 171
examples
Adjectives
According to derivational suffixes:
An adjective is a word that is
inflected with er or est and that it is
capable of forming adverbs with ly
or nouns with ness
Give examples of adjectives
Adverbs
The adverb has four suffixes :
Ly , wise, ward, and s –and the free form like:
Examples:
1.Source adjective
derived adverb
-fortunate
fortunately
2.Source noun
derived adverb
Clock
clock wise
3. Source noun
derived adverb
-north
northward
4.. Source noun
derived adverb
night
nights
The s is used for words denoting a time
period:
-He works days.
-He is busy mealtimes.
-She plays golf Saturdays.
-like
Source noun
student
derived adverb
student like
Source noun
casual
derived adverb
casual-like
non-suffixing forms:
However, there remains a
number of words that do
not have (not allow) an
inflectional or derivational
suffixes; these are nonsuffixing forms:
1.Words that are traditionally called
nouns
:advice, tennis.
2.Words that are traditionally called
adverbs: often, never
3. 2.Words that are traditionally known
as adjectives: only
4.most of the words in the structure
classes: the, from, since
EX 12-8 176 Homework
Classify words according to the
form class to which they belong.
Av(adverb) or
Aj(adjective).
Mid –Term Exam
The end