Lecture 6 Form classes or parts of speech Objectives: • To teach the parts of speech. Learning outcomes: The students will be able to learn &use : Form classes. How do you know class membership of the form of a word? Form classes are large and open; they readily admit new members, that is new words coming into the language from other languages, as well as new words formed within English, such as minibus Nouns How are nouns identified? • By two aspects: • -by inflectional morphemes like the plural(-s pl) ‘s’& possessive ‘s’(-s ps) -by noun forming derivational • morphemes added to verbs, adjectives, nouns,adverbs. Activity 1.Give examples of nouns with inflectional morphemes S pl 1................2..................3..............4............ Possessive S Sing. 1...........................pl.1.................. EX 12-1 Underline the words that are nouns according to inflectional criteria 1.Our president has a new plan. 2.The janitors has not seen the umberlla. 3.The counselor may plan a different approach. Home work 5,6 Nouns can also be formed by derivational • suffixes added to verbs, adjectives, nouns, adverbs. Give examples(on the board) examples: • Accept achieve • Advise • examples of nouns on P 168 • Source adjectives Kind Pure -source Asia Derived nouns kindness purity derived noun Asian Activity 2 Form/make nouns 1.arrive.......................2.assist................ 3.important...................4.brave............. 5.book........................6.friend.............. 7.cartoon…………………8.free…………. Verbs Verbs have a maximum of five different • forms: Base, 3rdperson singular, present participle, past tense, past participle For example:-ride- rides-rode- riding, ridden.Ex 12-4 p170 Give examples of five forms of verbs 1.Base : buy 2.3rd person singular......................... 3.present participle........................... 4.past tense................................... 5. past participle.................................... P 171 examples Adjectives According to derivational suffixes: An adjective is a word that is inflected with er or est and that it is capable of forming adverbs with ly or nouns with ness Give examples of adjectives Adverbs The adverb has four suffixes : Ly , wise, ward, and s –and the free form like: Examples: 1.Source adjective derived adverb -fortunate fortunately 2.Source noun derived adverb Clock clock wise 3. Source noun derived adverb -north northward 4.. Source noun derived adverb night nights The s is used for words denoting a time period: -He works days. -He is busy mealtimes. -She plays golf Saturdays. -like Source noun student derived adverb student like Source noun casual derived adverb casual-like non-suffixing forms: However, there remains a number of words that do not have (not allow) an inflectional or derivational suffixes; these are nonsuffixing forms: 1.Words that are traditionally called nouns :advice, tennis. 2.Words that are traditionally called adverbs: often, never 3. 2.Words that are traditionally known as adjectives: only 4.most of the words in the structure classes: the, from, since EX 12-8 176 Homework Classify words according to the form class to which they belong. Av(adverb) or Aj(adjective). Mid –Term Exam The end