Earth Science Study
Guide
How would a glacier affect the
landscape of a state?
The peak of hills were scraped
off; many deep valleys were
filled in; soil was transported
miles from where it started.
What would cause mountains to
appear older and worn?
Wind and water erosion,
wearing away the mountain
An earthquake is caused by an
abrupt shift in the earth along a
fracture or
___________________.
fault
How do people control
floods?
Build levees and dams along and
across a river or body of water
If a crack in a rock is filled with
rain and then the rain freezes,
what would be the result?
Weathering caused by freezing
of water
Sand dunes are the result of
________________.
deposition
What is a glacier?
Mass of snow and ice in motion
What happened to rock
material that was once at the
top of a mountain?
The rock material was eroded
by wind, water, or ice
What can be caused by ocean
waves?
Sea caves, sea arch, sea stack
The Hawaiian Islands were
formed as a result of
__________________.
Volcanic activity
The Grand Canyon was formed
as the result of
_______________________
Erosion by water
The islands of Japan were formed
by _______________.
Volcanic activity
What can be created when the
magma pushed up the crust of
the earth?
A volcano or dome mountain
How were the Hawaiian Islands
formed?
Volcanic activity
How are mountains formed?
Tectonic plates pushing the
crust of earth up
Sinkholes
Both
Landslide
s
How do glaciers move
materials?
Glaciers push rock and soil in
front of them
How do glaciers deposit
sediment?
Glaciers release sediment when
they melt.
Erosion and weathering are
examples of __________________.
Destructive forces
What are the three types of
plate boundaries?
Converging, diverging, and
sliding
What type scientist studies
seismic waves?
seismologist
Explain how a volcano is formed.
Deep below Earth’s crust rock melts
to form magma. A build-up of
pressure in the magma chamber
causes the magma to rise into the
conduit. Magma pushes upward
and finally burst through the vent.
Lava flows down the side of the
volcano where it cools and hardens
to form igneous rock.
Where could you mostly observe
a volcano or an earthquake?
Near plate boundaries
Water, ice, and wind are the
three forces that cause
____________.
erosion
Levees are used to
_____________.
Control floods
Draw and label each of the three
types of mountains. Explain how
each mountain is formed.
Why do scientists study
earthquakes?
Measure their magnitude,
damage, and likelihood of
happening again.
____________ is any process
that changes a rock’s chemical
composition.
Chemical weathering
_________ is the disintegration
of rocks without changing them
chemically.
Mechanical or physical
weathering
Scientists who study
earthquakes are called
___________.
seismologist
What is erosion?
The carrying away of
sediments by wind, moving
water, or moving ice
A river valley is an example of
_____________.
Weathering and erosion
The delta is a result of
_____________.
deposition