Exam #1
Study Guide
Chapters 17 & 18: Evolution & Natural Selection
1. Describe and recognize the elements and concepts of the theory of evolution.
2. Know who first described the theory of evolution.
3. Know what book Darwin published and when it was published.
4. Describe the differences between gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.
5. Approximately how long ago did life first begin?
6. Describe the basic steps of evolution of life from molecules to complex organisms.
7. Describe the progression of evolutionary steps in relation to different animal body
systems and organization.
8. Describe the progression of evolutionary steps in relation to different kinds of animals.
9. Describe the different types evidence for evolution, and give examples of each.
10. Name problems that question each type of evolutionary evidence.
11. Define homologous structures and morphological divergence.
12. Define natural selection.
13. Name the types of phenotypic variation.
14. Define the three types of natural selection and given an example of each.
Chapter 21: Prokaryotes & Viruses
1. Name the three domains of living organisms.
2. Name the four kingdoms of Domain Eukarya.
3. Define prokaryote and eukaryote
4. List the characteristics of prokaryotes.
5. Define nucleoid and plasmid.
6. Define and describe the three bacterial shapes.
7. Describe what a bacterial cell wall is made of.
8. Describe the difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
9. Define glycocalyx, pili, and flagellum.
10. Define photoautotroph, chemoautotroph, photoheterotroph, and chemoheterotroph.
Where do each obtain their energy and carbon?
11. List the steps of prokaryotic fission.
12. Define and describe bacterial conjugation.
13. Define and describe cyanobaceria, proteobacteria, Chlamydia, spirochaetes, and grampositives. In which domain do they belong? Know any specific examples of each
category that were mentioned in lecture.
14. Define and describe thermophiles, methanogens, and halophiles. In which domain do
they belong?
15. Define a virus based on its characteristics.
16. List and describe the five steps of viral multiplication.
17. Describe and contrast the lytic and lysogenic pathways.
18. Define latent period and how it fits into the viral multiplication pathways.
Chapter 22: Protists
1. Name the characteristics of eukaryotic cells.
2. Define and describe the various methods/categories of protozoan motility.
3. Give four examples of amoeboid protozoans
4. Give the disease significance of Entamoeba hemolytica.
5. Define foraminiferan. What geological features do they form?
6. Define radiolarian.
7. Give three examples of ciliate protozoans.
8. Define or give characteristics of ciliate protozoans (as a group).
9. Describe Paramecium.
10. Describe the steps of the specific form of conjugation found in Paramecium.
11. Describe Stentor.
12. Describe Didinium and list the characteristics.
13. Give two examples of flagellate protozoans.
14. Discuss the significance of Trypanosoma and the disease it causes.
15. Define euglenoids and discuss the characteristics of Euglena.
16. List the characteristics of sporozoan protozoans.
17. Describe the significance of Plasmodium and the disease it causes.
18. Describe the life cycle of Plasmodium, including its insect host.
19. Describe Toxoplasma and the disease it causes.
20. Describe the life cycle of Toxoplasma.
Chapter 25: Invertebrates
1. Define “animal”
2. List the 9 phyla of animals that are studied in this course. Which are invertebrates?
Which are vertebrates?
3. Define the three types of body symmetry.
4. Define the following terms: germ layer, ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm, diploblastic,
triploblastic, acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, colelomate. Give an example of animals
thate are diploblastic, triploblastic, acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, and coelomate.
5. Describe and compare the sac and tube-within-a-tube body plans. Give an example of an
animal with each type.
6. Define and compare segmented and non-segmented body plans. Give an example of an
animal with each type.
7. List the general characteristics of Phylum Porifera. Give an example of a member of this
phylum.
8. Describe the three cell types of poriferans and the function of each.
9. Name the three classes within Porifera, define each and tell how they differ from each
other.
10. List the general characteristics of Phylum Cnidaria. Give an example of a member of this
phylum.
11. Describe the dimorphic life cycle of cnidarians. Define polyp and medusa.
12. Define “nerve net”.
13. Define and describe cnidocytes and nematocysts.
14. Name the three classes within Cnidaria, describe them, and tell how they differ
(especially in regards to their life cycle stages).
15. List the general characteristics of Phylum Platyhelminthes. Give an example of a
member of this phylum.
16. Name the three classes within Platyhelminthes, describe them, tell how they differ, and
give an example of each.
17. Define scolex and proglottid.
18. List the general characteristics of Phylum Nematoda. Give an example of a member of
this phylum.
19. Define and describe Toxocara canis. Describe the risk to humans from this organism.
20. Describe Ascaris lumbricoides and discuss its significance to human health.
21. Describe Trichinella spiralis and discuss its significance to human health.
22. Describe Dirofilaria immitis and the disease it causes, including transmission and
prevention.
23. List the general characteristics of Phylum Mollusca. Give an example of a member of
this phylum.
24. Discuss the mollusk three-part body plan. Discuss and define the mantle.
25. Name the four classes within Mollusca, describe them and their characteristics, and tell
how they differ. Give an example of each class.
26. Describe the significance of the blue-ringed octopus.
27. List the general characteristics of Phylum Annelida. Give an example of a member of
this phylum.
28. List and describe the two classes within Annelida and give an example from each.
29. Define clitellum and parapodia.
30. List the general characteristics of Phylum Arthropoda. Give an example of a member of
this phylum.
31. List and describe the five subphyla within Arthropoda. Give an example from each.
32. Define chelicerae
33. List the characteristics of Class Arachnida and give an example of an animal from this
class.
34. Define Classes Chilopoda and Diplopoda and discuss how they differ.
35. List the characteristics of Class Insecta and give an example of an animal from this class.
36. Define biramous and uniramous.
37. List the characteristics of Class Malacostraca and give an example of an animal from this
class.
38. List the general characteristics of Phylum Echinodermata. Give an example of a member
of this phylum.
39. Define and describe tube feet and water-vascular system.
40. Name the four classes within Echinodermata, describe their characteristics and
differences from each other, and give an example from each.
This study guide covers the majority of information on the exam but not all of it. You are still
responsible for any information that was covered in the lecture but not put on this guide
(intentionally or unintentionally). Good Luck and Study Hard!!