Chapter Review Answers
pg. 38-39 #1-16
1. (a) row = iv. period
(b) not shiny = iii. non-metal
(c) chemistry puzzle = x. periodic table
(d) conducts heat well = vi. metal
(e) column = i. group
(f) cannot be divided = v. element
(g) can be broken down into simpler substances = xii. compound
(h) only works on compounds = xi. decomposition reaction
(i) one or two letters = vii. element symbol
(j) shorthand for a compound = ii. chemical formula
(k) shares properties with metals and non-metals = viii. metalloid
2. (a) A group is a column of the periodic table, whereas a period is a row.
(b) An element consists of one type of atom, but a compound consists of two or more types of
atoms.
(c) A metal is a shiny, easily shaped (malleable) solid that conducts electricity and heat. (The
one exception to these rules is mercury — a liquid metal.) Non-metals are dull elements
that are not easily shaped and do not conduct heat or electricity well. Metals are found to
the left of the staircase line on the periodic table, and non-metals are on the right.
3. chemical formula
4. The number of atoms of each element found in each particle of the substance.
5.
Element
Name
Symbol
Perio
d
Grou
p
cadmium
Cd
5
12
zirconium
Zr
5
4
potassium
K
4
1
hydrogen
H
1
1
oxygen
O
2
16
niobium
Nb
5
5
6. The apparatus passes electricity through a solution, causing the compound to break into
simpler substances (elements).
7. Answers will vary. The two elements will be found in the periodic table. Expect students to
list two compounds discussed in this chapter.
8. (a) According to which side of the staircase line they are found on: metals on the left, nonmetals on the right.
(b) There are about four times as many metals on the periodic table as non-metals.
9. Answers will vary. Assessment should be based on providing details on how the scientist
contributed to the discovery of the element.
10. (a) gold
(b) tungsten
(c) steel
(d) helium
(e) carbon dioxide
(f) nylon
(g) aluminum
11. C12H22O11(s)
12. It is shiny, so heat energy will be reflected back toward the food. It is easy to form around
food or containers (malleable) and can be reshaped over and over without breaking
(resilient). And it will not react chemically with most foods.
13.
Common
Name
Chemical
Formula
Name and
Number of
Elements
Total
Number of
Atoms
nicotine
C10H18O2(s)
carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen = 3
elements
30
ibuprofen
(Advil™)
C13H18O2(s)
carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen = 3
elements
33
caffeine
C8H10N4O2(s)
carbon, hydrogen,
nitrogen, oxygen =
4 elements
24
acetaminophe
n (Tylenol™)
C8H9NO2(s)
carbon, hydrogen,
nitrogen, oxygen =
4 elements
20
diazepam
(Valium™)
C16H13ClN2O
carbon, hydrogen,
chlorine, nitrogen,
oxygen = 5
elements
33
(s)
14. Yes, because the chemical formulas use international symbols for the elements. I can use my
knowledge of common substances to tell that these substances are safe. NaHCO3(s) is baking
soda, CaCO3(s) is chalkboard chalk, and NaCl(s) is table salt.
15. Because of the way the periodic table is arranged, it provides clues about the properties of
every known element.
16. Discovering new elements is a time-consuming process. Scientists need to work in groups
while trying to discover a new compound to ensure that the element is different from any of
the other known elements. For example, many of the recently discovered elements are
synthetic elements. They were produced by nuclear reactions. It is not feasible for one person
alone to deal with the equipment and processes required to make synthetic elements.