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Hydrogen is a NONMETAL despite its
placement on the left hand side of the
P.Table.
Metals-Left of “staircase”
Nonmetals-Right of “staircase”
Alkali metals-first family
Alkaline Earth metals-second family
Halogens-second to last family
Noble gases-last family
Lanthanides-pulled out first row
Actinides-pulled out second row
Group 1 (excluding Hydrogen)
 React with water violently!
 Lose a valence electron to become 1+
 Cations
 Soft, highly reactive, good conductors of
heat and electricity,
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Li
› Lithium batteries, lithium in dehumidifiers,
strengthens glass, used to treat mood swings,
fireworks.
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Na
› Found in table salt, vapor lamps, sodium
potassium pump in animals to create gradient in
cells, fireworks.
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K
› Active transport pump, nerve cell conduction,
fertilizer, salt substitute, fireworks.
Group 2
 Shiny solids, harder than alkali metals
 Lose 2 valence electrons, 2+ charge
 Cations
 React with water (except Beryllium)
 React with oxygen
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Calcium› bones, teeth, bloodstream, limestone, chalk,
marble, coral reef,
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Magnesium› alloys of magnesium and aluminum and zinc are
strong, but light
› Plants need it to make chlorophyll
› Found in hard water (makes it difficult for soap to
work properly
› Strontium-fireworks-red color
Group 17 (sometimes referred to as 7A)
 Forms compounds with almost all metals.
 Gain one valence electron to become
1- charge
 Anions
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Fluorine
› Toothpaste, drinking water
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Chlorine
› Gas at room temperature, deadly gas,
bleaching agents, anesthetics at the dentist,
disinfects water, found in stomach acid.
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Bromine
› Used in photographic film
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Iodine
› Need in diet to maintain healthy thyroid gland,
kills bacteria
Group 18 (sometimes listed as 8A)
 Last naturally occurring elements to be
discovered.
 Xe will react with F (F is so reactive)
 Fairly inert (stable)
 Gas at room temperature
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He› used to inflate balloons, sun, deep sea diving
tanks
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Ne› light displays (electricity excites electrons,
when they fall it releases energy in the form
of light)
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Ar› most abundant noble gas on Earth,
atmosphere, welding,
Left of staircase
 Cations
 Give up electrons
 Good conductors of heat and electricity
 High melting and boiling points.
 Generally solids, at room temperature.
 Malleable (sheets) and Ductile (wire)
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Either side of the staircase
 Physical and chemical properties of both
metals and nonmetals.
 Used in computer chips and solar cells
 Germanium and Silicon are the most
used.
 B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po,
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Upper right side of periodic table (right
of staircase)
 Generally gases,
 Generally brittle and dull
 Poor conductors of heat and electricity
 The only liquid at room temperature is
Bromine, others are all gases
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1-18 as you go Across in the periodic
table.
The number of electrons occupying the
outermost energy level.
 1-8, s and p blocks.
 1-8 main group elements.
 Each family has the SAME number of
valence electrons.
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s, p, d, f
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The group with one valence electron
and very reactive with water is the…..
Alkali metals
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The block that contains alkali metals and
alkaline earth metals.
S block
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The elements that are ON the staircase
are referred to as……..because they
have both properties of metals and
nonmetals.
metalloids
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Fluorine is in the family…..
halogens
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Group 13 contains how many valence
electrons?
3
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Group 18 contains how many valence
electrons?
8 except for Helium which only contains 2
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These elements are good conductors of
heat and electricity and make up most
of the elements on the periodic table.
metals
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These are mostly gases at room
temperature except Bromine which is a
liquid at room temperature.
nonmetals
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At atom that loses an electron is termed
a….
cation
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An atom that gains an electron is termed
an….
anion