KINGDOM ANIMALIA
INVERTEBRATES
Which of these is NOT an animal?
TWO MAIN GROUPS of ANIMALS
Vertebrates
–Species with backbones
Invertebrates
–Species without backbones
–Make up 97% of all species
–Sponge-simplest of ALL animals!!
SPONGES
Video
Phylum: Porifera (pore-bearing)
Types depend on: habitat
Reproduce: Asexually by
budding/regeneration or sexually
through “cross-fertilization”
Most sponges are
hermaphrodites!
Sponge releasing
sperm
Tubular sponges
Tubular sponges
Class: demosponge,
largest class with
about 7,000 species
Include the largest
in size
Widespread in
tropical waters
Encrusting
sponges
Class:
demosponge
Can be found attached to scallops and
oysters
Mutualism: sponges provides
protection from predators and sponge
gets a free ride to new food sources
Encrusting sponges
Boring
sponges
Class:
demosponge
Burrows into the shells of mollusks
Can weaken shell
Boring sponges
Sponge Characterisitics
Complex specialized cells
Simplest multicellular organism on
earth (no tissues or organs)!
Asexual and sexual reproducers
Sessile: attached to surfaces
Most found in shallow waters
Suspension filter feeders (filter
plankton from water)
WATER OUT
Water Flow
Through the
Sponge
WATER IN
Osculum
Sponge parts to know
Collar cells/Choanocytes: feeding
chambers has flagellum that creates
currents, pulling water & food in
Gemmules are specialized buds made
to survive harsh weather (hot or cold)
Ostia: tiny pores allow water in
Spicules: for structural support & I.D.
Osculum: Opening where filtered water
exits
Osculum
Osculum
Ostia
Spicules
Collar
Cell
Collar cell close up
Sponge Skeletons
Silica Spicules
Limestone Spicules
SPONGIN
Spicules and spongin
Spicules and Gemmules
Cross section of sponge wall
Sea turtle feeding on sponge
Dolphin using sponges as tools
Predators: Mollusks (Nudibranchs) primarily
Human uses
Cleaning products!
Research in antibiotic resistance
Pharmaceutical implications
VIDEO (7:00)
Nudibranch molluscs are the principal
predators of sponges
Which of these is NOT an animal?
Animal Body Plans
Animal’s bodies are described based on the
following characteristics:
• Type of symmetry
• Location of structures (for bilateral only)
• Unicellular or multicellular
• Types of cell layers
• Presence of a body cavity
• Segmentation
Types of Symmetry:
1. Asymmetry - no particular symmetry.
Found in simplest animals
•Ex: Sponges
2. Radial symmetry - organized similar
to a wheel.
• Ex: Jellyfish, starfish
3. Bilateral symmetry - has definite right
and left halves; adaptation for
movement, most advanced
• Ex: worm, lobster, human
Guess the symmetry!
Cnidaria
Chordata
Annelida
Echinodermata
Cnidaria
Mollusc
Cnidaria
Chordata
Chordata
Arthropoda
porifera
radial
bilateral
bilateral
radial
radial
bilateral
radial
bilateral
bilateral
bilateral
asymmetrical