Name ________________________________________________________________________________ Date________ Period____
PHYLYM PORIFERA
aka the sponges
pgs 135 - 141
1. Describe the two hypothesis regarding the origins of multicellularity. Use Figure 9.2 to help.
a. Colonial hypothesis: ________________________________________________________________________________
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b. Syncytial hypothesis: _______________________________________________________________________________
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2. What does the name Porifera mean (it’s Latin origins)? ____________________________________________________________
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3. Describe what sponges typically are. __________________________________________________________________________
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4. What four characteristics distinguish the phylum porifera?
a. ________________________________________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________________________________________
c. ________________________________________________________________________________________________
d. ________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. What is division of labor, in terms of a sponge? __________________________________________________________________
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a. We also called this cell specialization and differentiation
6. Describe the following parts of a sponge:
a. Pinacocytes: ______________________________________________________________________________________
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b. Porocytes: _______________________________________________________________________________________
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c. Mesohyl: _________________________________________________________________________________________
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d. Mesenchyme Cells: ________________________________________________________________________________
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e. Choanocytes: _____________________________________________________________________________________
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f.
Spicules: _________________________________________________________________________________________
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g. Spongin: _________________________________________________________________________________________
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7. There are 3 classes of the Phylum Porifera; these classifications are based on a sponges________________________________.
a. Class Calcarea: _____________________ spicules; ____________________________ sponges
b. Class Hexactinellida: _____________________ spicules; ____________________________ sponges
c. Class Demospongiae: _____________________ spicules; ____________________________ sponges
8. What do sponges eat? _____________________________________________________________________________________
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9. Describe how sponges transport nutrients and food. (How do they eat and get rid of wastes?) _____________________________
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10. Most sponges are monoecious. What does this mean? ____________________________________________________________
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11. Are humans monoecious? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________________________
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12. Describe how some sponges reproduce sexually. ________________________________________________________________
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13. Describe how some sponges reproduce asexually. _______________________________________________________________
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Analysis Questions
14. Members of the Phylum Porifera are characterized by all of the following, except
a. asymmetry or superficial radial symmetry
b. pinacocytes
c. mesenchyme cells
d. cnidocytes
15. Skeletal elements found within the Porifera include
a. Spicules
b. Gemmules
c. Sponging
d. Mesoglea
16. In the sycon sponge body form, Choanocytes line the
a. Spongocoel
b. Gastrovascular cavity
c. Radial canals
d. Incurrent canals
17. Colonies are defined as “loose associations of independent cells.” Why are sponges considered to have surpassed that level of
organization? (check your answer to #4) _______________________________________________________________________
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18. Label the parts of the Simple Sponge
19. Label the parts of the
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20. What is this cell’s function? _________________________________________________________________________________
21. How does the structure of this cell aid in its function? _____________________________________________________________
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22. Explain how food is moved from the outside of this cell to the place of digestion. ________________________________________
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