RAPID FOLLOW UP FOOD SECURITY
ASSESSMENT
Flood and water logging affected areas in Satkhira and Jessore District
The Assessment was jointly conducted by members of Food Security Cluster under the leadership
and coordination of World Food Programme.
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RAPID FOLLOW UP FOOD SECURITY
ASSESSMENT
Flood and water logging affected areas in Satkhira and Jessore District, May
2012
Report prepared by WFP
Analytical write up on the KII prepared by FAO
Other key contributors from Technical Working Group in the preparation of this report: SI,
OXFAM, ACF, DAE, BRAC, Action Aid
This food security assessment was jointly conducted by various members of Food Security
Cluster under the leadership of World Food Programme.
June, 2012
COVERE PHOTOS
ASM TARIUR RABBY
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Table of Contents
ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................................................... VI
EXECUTIVE SUMMERY .........................................................................................................................................VII
1.
INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................... 1
1.1.
CONTEXT OF THE ASSESSMENT...................................................................................................................... 1
1.2.
OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................................... 1
1.3.
METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................................................... 1
1.3.1.
The basic premises........................................................................................................................ 1
1.3.2.
The process ................................................................................................................................... 2
1.3.3.
The tools ....................................................................................................................................... 3
1.4.
THE METHODOLOGICAL LEARNING IN THE FIELD ................................................................................................ 3
2.
FOOD AVAILABILITY ...................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1.
CROP SECTOR ............................................................................................................................................ 6
2.1.1.
Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 6
2.1.2.
The impact .................................................................................................................................... 6
2.1.3.
Production prospect of other crops. ............................................................................................. 9
2.1.4.
Assistance provided ...................................................................................................................... 9
2.1.5.
Major constraints ....................................................................................................................... 10
2.2.
LIVESTOCK SECTOR ................................................................................................................................... 10
2.2.1.
Background................................................................................................................................. 10
2.2.2.
Damages..................................................................................................................................... 10
2.2.3.
Current situation......................................................................................................................... 11
2.2.4.
Future prospect .......................................................................................................................... 11
2.2.5.
Assistance provided .................................................................................................................... 11
2.3.
FISHERIES SECTOR..................................................................................................................................... 11
2.3.1.
Background................................................................................................................................. 11
2.3.2.
Damages..................................................................................................................................... 11
2.3.3.
Current situation......................................................................................................................... 11
2.3.4.
Assistance provided .................................................................................................................... 12
3.
FOOD ACCESSIBILITY ................................................................................................................................... 15
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
3.5.
3.6.
4.
LIVELIHOODS RECOVERY STATUS .................................................................................................................. 15
STATE OF AGRICULTURAL LABOR HOUSEHOLDS ............................................................................................... 16
STATE OF CHILDREN AND FEMALE DAY LABORER.............................................................................................. 18
ALTERNATE LIVELIHOODS FOR LABORERS AND MARGINAL FARMERS .................................................................... 19
PRICE OF BASIC STAPLES............................................................................................................................. 19
EXPENDITURE IN VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS .................................................................................................. 20
FOOD CONSUMPTION AND UTILIZATION .................................................................................................... 21
4.1.
FOOD CONSUMPTION AND NUTRITION .......................................................................................................... 22
4.2.
DIET DIVERSITY AND FREQUENCY ................................................................................................................. 22
4.3.
INTRA HOUSEHOLD FOOD CONSUMPTION ...................................................................................................... 23
4.4.
WATER AND SANITATION........................................................................................................................... 24
4.4.1.
Source of water .......................................................................................................................... 24
4.4.2.
Time to fetch water .................................................................................................................... 24
4.4.3.
Defecation point and feces disposal practice of the communities ............................................. 25
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4.4.4.
4.4.5.
4.4.6.
4.4.7.
5.
COPING STRATEGIES, PRIORITIES AND NEEDS ............................................................................................. 28
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
6.
WaSH priorities ........................................................................................................................... 25
Prevalence of gut parasites ........................................................................................................ 26
Symptom/result of under nutrition ............................................................................................. 26
Common diseases ....................................................................................................................... 26
COPING STRATEGIES.................................................................................................................................. 28
PRIORITY NEEDS OF THE COMMUNITY .......................................................................................................... 29
POPULATION AND AREAS IN NEED OF ASSISTANCE .......................................................................................... 30
RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................................................. 35
6.1.
INTERVENTIONS PROPOSED BY THE CURRENT ASSESSMENTS: ............................................................................. 36
6.1.1.
Short to medium term: ............................................................................................................... 36
6.1.2.
Medium to long term interventions............................................................................................ 37
ANNEX 1- LIST OF PARTICIPATED AGENCIES AND STAFF ...................................................................................... 42
AGENCIES PARTICIPATED IN THE PRIMARY FIELDWORK................................................................................................... 42
ANNEX 2- RESPONSES OF KIIS .............................................................................................................................. 46
RESPONSES ON KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW- AGRICULTURE ......................................................................... 46
RESPONSES ON KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWS- FISHERIES .............................................................................. 49
FACTSHEETS ON REHABILITATION ACTIVITIES BY AGENCIES ............................................................................................ 61
Table 1 Status of Boro, Aman and other crops in the study areas ......................................................... 7
Table 2 Average cost benefit analysis for Boro paddy reported by the marginal farmers ..................... 8
Table 3Reporting from Key Informant interviewees on different areas on fisheries ......................... 13
Table 4 Change in agricultural wage labor holdings ............................................................................. 16
Table 5 Terms of Trade (ToT) in terms of rice purchasing capacity ...................................................... 18
Table 6 Area identification criteria matrices ........................................................................................ 30
Table 7 Population in need of external assistance in the selected area............................................... 33
Graph 1 Community perception on last Boro production ...................................................................... 7
Graph 2 Perception on Potato potential................................................................................................. 8
Graph 3 Turmeric potential .................................................................................................................... 8
Graph 4 Potential of different vegetables in the affected area .............................................................. 9
Graph 5 Source of money for the planned crops.................................................................................. 10
Graph 6 Major constraints to plant upcoming crops ............................................................................ 10
Graph 7 Shrimp/fish outlook ................................................................................................................ 11
Graph 8 Status of major livelihoods...................................................................................................... 16
Graph 9 Key constraints in reviving livelihoods .................................................................................... 17
Graph 10 Time required for full recovery of the livelihoods ................................................................ 17
Graph 12 Sector-wise employment by women .................................................................................... 18
Graph 11 Sector-wise employment by Children ................................................................................... 18
Graph 13 Alternative sources of livelihoods ......................................................................................... 19
Graph 14 Price trend of basic staples ................................................................................................... 20
Graph 15 Major expenditure sectors of vulnerable HHs ...................................................................... 20
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Graph 16 Food Consumption Score ...................................................................................................... 22
Graph 17 Diet diversity ......................................................................................................................... 22
Graph 18 Rice consumption change per households and per person .................................................. 23
Graph 19 Intra-household meal frequency .......................................................................................... 23
Graph 20 Source of water in the households ....................................................................................... 24
Graph 21 Children’s' feces disposal practice ........................................................................................ 24
Graph 22 Defecation point access trend .............................................................................................. 25
Graph 23 WaSH priorities of male and female ..................................................................................... 25
Graph 24 Symptom and/ or result of under-nutrition.......................................................................... 26
Graph 25 Prevalence of diseases among adults and children .............................................................. 26
Graph 26 Coping strategies adopted by the households...................................................................... 28
Graph 27 Short, Medium and Long term priority needs of the vulnerable groups .............................. 29
Graph 28 Community preferred interventions ..................................................................................... 36
Figure 1 Tools and techniques ................................................................................................................ 2
Figure 2 Map of the most priority area................................................................................................. 34
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Acronyms
Acronym
Elaboration
ACF
Action Contre la Faim Bangladesh
CFT
Cash for Training
CFW
Cash for Work
CSI
Coping Strategy Index
DAE
Department of Agricultural Extension
DLS
Department of Livestock
DoF
Department of Fisheries
FAO
The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization
FCS
Food Consumption Score
FGD
Focused Group Discussion
FSC
Food Security Cluster
IGA
Income Generating Activities
KII
Key Informants Interview
JNA
Joint Needs Assessment
MFI
Micro Finance Institutions
RMS
Rapid Market Survey
SI
Solidarites International
ToT
Terms of Trade
TWG
Technical Working Group
WFP
The United Nations World Food Programme
UDMC
Union Disaster Management Committee
UN
The United Nations
UzDMC
Upazila Disaster Management Committee
WaSH
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
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Executive Summery
1. The current assessment follows the two previous assessments conducted in the rainfall induced
waterlogged areas of Satkhira and Jessore in August and December 2011. While relief type of
assistance was triggered by immediate post disaster assessment in August 2011, the post Aman
harvest assessment in December 2011 recommended for livelihood recovery through
employment generation interventions like cash for work till the Boro harvest. Following a good
Boro harvest in May 2012 throughout the country another needs assessment was planned to
assess the recovery levels of the vulnerable communities and their needs. This time the
assessment was conducted jointly by the members of Food Security Cluster.
2. The rehabilitation activities along with a moderate Boro paddy harvest contributed much to the
improvement of livelihoods and food security of the vulnerable households. However, a large
part of the income from all major sources has already been spent on food, shelter, medicine and
loan repayment. Under such circumstances exposure to vulnerability especially for the poor
population is not yet over. On top of the upcoming income constraints there is the risk of
recurrent flood in the current monsoon due to clogged drains and rivers. The major objective of
the current assessment was to understand the current and upcoming food security and
livelihood situation in the affected areas and to find out the number of people still in need
external assistance if there are any.
3. The current assessment has jointly been done by the members of the Food Security Cluster
under the leadership and coordination of WFP. A total of 14 organizations took the responsibility
of conducting primary fieldwork in 14 Unions of 6 Upazila of Satkhira and Jessore Districts. The
tools used for this assessment were focus group discussions, key informant interview, interview
with local representatives and market survey. This is perhaps first assessment ever carried out
by a cluster and potentially can lead to a better coordination system of humanitarian response.
This post-harvest rapid assessment has also been conducted to understand the current food
security situation as well as to identify whether there are communities who need external
assistance.
Major findings on food availability:
4. During the flood in 2011 when farmers were fully or partially affected for Aus rice production
the T. Aman was their post flood crop before starting Boro rice production. Although overall
22.27 percent T. Aman producing lands were damaged, the farmers managed to harvest the
Aman rice where the scenario varied in different Upazilas which ranged from 60-100 percent
of a normal production.
5. In the current year the despite the good Boro yield per hectare, the farmers could not produce
Boro to its full potential. Around 40 percent of the focus groups reported that their production
was less than 50 percent of a normal production. On top of the reduced production the low
selling price of Boro is going to constrain the marginal farmers from making a substantial
investment in the upcoming transplantation of Aman. Based on cost benefit analysis it was
estimated that marginal Boro farmers can earn around Taka 4500 from selling their produce,
not at all sufficient to make next investment. Only option remains with them is loan at high
interest from the MFIs or the local money lenders.
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6. After boro harvest the major labor requirement comes from shrimp ghers and Aman
transplantation. In recent times shrimp production has reduced due to spread of disease and
capital crisis induced by the prolonged water logging, thus constraining alternate income
opportunities. Farmers anticipate good Aman harvest given that there will be no flood in the
area which is unlikely. However, over 40 percent of the FGDs reported that they are not
predominantly Aman producing areas therefore the coming Aman season is not going to
provide sufficient jobs . Moreover Aman plantation is not a labour intensive activity like Boro.
7. Prospect of summer vegetable is yet to become normal. Local level production may impact
availability as well as the prices and consequently the consumption.
8. Livestock and poultry sector has not recovered from the damage done by the flood hence the
usual year round return from small scale poultry farming is not there.
9. The shock of flood has devastated the gher farming as the owners and farmers had to bear a
heavy cost. Many remained indebted and disease outbreak in bagda farming further
exacerbating the situation. Generally, across all subsectors of agriculture there is a strong
sense of uncertainty as the major rivers were not dredged and had experienced a high level of
siltation.
Findings on access to food
10. Generally all the major livelihoods are moving towards recovery though fish farmers and
laborers claimed that their recovery has not been very satisfactory.
11. Since this has been a post Boro harvest assessment people had sufficient money in their hand
but they were also fearing of the coming lean season especially the areas where Aman is not
produced substantially (43% communities).
12. Expenditure on food followed by repayment of loan, shelter repair and medicine has been
reported to be the major expenditure sectors. Over the past months women and children also
contributed to the household income which is not a normal scenario. Over 71 percent of the
FGDs reported that they have sent their children to work in brick field, agricultural field and
rickshaw van pulling. However, wage of children and women in agricultural field remained
extremely low compared to that of male adults, children received over 60 percent less and
female received 30 percent less than the male wages.
13. Boro price shock has left the marginal farmer with no additional money to invest for the
upcoming crops. However, agricultural day laborers who are net buyers of the rice have been
benefitting from this low rice price and currently the terms of trade in terms of rice almost
similar to pre flood time which is around 6.3 kg. However, this is a seasonal scenario. Usually
in the coming months the agricultural wage rates will drop despite the Aman planting season
(Aman wage are less than Boro wage) and the rice price will go up
14. There are pocket areas where T. Aman is not cultivated as these are predominantly gher areas.
Despite this, Aman planting is not a labor intensive production therefore does not provide
extensive livelihood opportunities.
15. In general, both marginal farmer and wage labor households are in a vulnerable situation as
the major rivers have not been dredged and excessive rainfall in the monsoon will again create
water logging.
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Findings on food consumption and utilization
16. Seven percent of the FGDs reported to have poor food consumption score (FCS) even after the
post-harvest period. In August the rate was 10 percent and in December no communities
were detected with poor food consumption mainly due to food assistance programmes and
availability of fish in the open water. At present 57% of the FGDs responded that they belong
to the borderline category which was only 38% in December and 18% in August.
17. General improvement of dietary diversity in terms of rice, milk and milk product, and pulses
and meal frequency in terms of rice consumption bears a signature mark of a post-harvest
assessment. However, due to high prices of protein, especially fish the overall FCS has
deteriorated due to lack of protein consumption.
18. There is an improvement in meal frequency across all age groups compared to that of August
2011. However, concerns remain over significant reduction of meal frequency of the pregnant
and lactating mother and under five children comparing the last December.
19. Consumption of rice has increased significantly and currently per person consumption is over
2.5 kg which was less than 2 kg in December. In August 2011 the rice consumption was
reported to be 2.4 Kg. The Agricultural wage laborers who are the net buyers of rice are
spending 94 percent of their income after rice. As the price of basic staple declined the prices
of other basic food commodities shot up like oil, pulse and potato affecting the quality and
quantity of the food basket.
20. Much recovery has been made in terms of access to safe drinking water. However, there are
significant portion of areas where it takes more than one hour to fetch water.
21. Improvement in using sanitary latrine has been reported. However, open defecation and
unsafe children’s feces disposal practice has remained as a critical health threat to the overall
wellbeing of the communities. Immediate attention is required.
22. Prevalence of gut parasites and water borne disease has remained very high. Status of worm
infection also a very high threat to utilization of food by different age groups.
Coping strategies
23. Coping strategies adopted by the households followed a common trend which can be
categorized as ‘mid-level severe’ indicators. Only in a few cases the adaptive strategies
compromised household asset hence also have chance to rapture the future livelihood
security. Average coping strategy index (CSI) severity score of the vulnerable households have
been found out to be 26.2 which is more than the commonly found score indicating more
vulnerable status of the households in affected area.
24. As the vulnerable households have become chronically indebted due to un-suitable payback
time and interest rate as well as return on investment in the commonly found sectors is not
enough, hence the key priorities came around the issue of assistance either in terms of grant
for different agricultural and non-agricultural livelihoods related investment. However, as
people of the communities are well aware on the upcoming lean season so they also
prioritized food assistance as their key medium term (from next 2 to 6 months) priority.
Priority areas and population in need
25. Based on 3 specific indicators priority area has been identified. These are percentage of
population affected, last Boro status and potential of Aman paddy. Elected representatives of
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the people (Union Parishad and Upazila Parishad) and officials of various technical
departments of the government reached consensus at Upazila level on these indicators. Based
on these indicators 16 Unions of 5 Upazilas in Satkhira and Jessore districts have been
identified. These selected areas have no and limited potential for Aman, had a negligible
amount of Boro production and a large percentage of the population was affected.
26. The population in need in these 16 priority unions was estimated based on following method.



Number of marginal farmers in need of agricultural assistance was estimated.
Number of highly food insecure vulnerable households without any agricultural land
and regular income were estimated for livelihood support.
Number of children under five and PLWs in these marginal farm and vulnerable
households were estimated for nutrition support.
In total 16,500 households have been identified in need of external assistance in the 16
priority unions of which 8500 are marginal farmers who need support to recover their
livelihoods and 8000 are chronically food insecure households with no regular employment.
Out of these total 16,500 households 2500 children under five and PLWs should be assisted
with integrated mother and child nutrition programme.
Response Strategies:
27. Followings are the short term measures proposed based on the above situation
Cash grant for
farming
Cash & food for
training on IGA
(It can be cash
for training, food
for training or
cash and food
for training)
Integrated
maternal & child
feeding
Beneficiaries
Type
Small and
Marginal
Farmers
Beneficiaries
No.
8500 Hhs
Vulnerable Hh:
- Female
headed HHs
with limited
employment
opportunities;
- HHs with
disabled heads
and elderlies
&limited
employment;
-Day laborers
with no
agricultural
lands etc.
Children under
5 & PLWs from
the 16,500
vulnerable
Duration
Assistance details
Lean
seasonAugust to
November
-Cash grant of BDT 3500 (one time
distribution)
- Technical support from DAE
8000 Hhs
Lean
seasonAugust to
November
Training on IGA
(poultry and
homestead
gardening),
DRR,
WASH/Hygiene
in 4 sessions.
Per session
training
remuneration
appox. Taka
750/=
No. children
U 5=2030
No. PLWs =
430
Lean
seasonAugust to
November
Wheat soya
blend (WSB) &
Nutrition
training
Food package:
preferably with pulse,
oil, sugar etc. (rice
excluded) Distribution:
bi monthly (to reduce
operational costs), one
distribution must be
before Eid
Period: beginning of
August and beginning
of October
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Beneficiaries
Type
households to
be assisted
Beneficiaries
No.
Duration
Assistance details
28. Medium to long term interventions








Support to nutritionally vulnerable populations, especially pregnant and lactating women
(PLW) and children 6 to 59 months, with supplementary ration.
Piloting the suitability of community enterprise approach (“Daudkandi model”) for
community-based floodplain fisheries management in water-logged areas.
Expansion and productivity enhancement of Boro rice through technological support
Expansion of high-value field crops in the rabi season.
Development opportunities of horticulture and agro-forestry.
Cash grant and training on non-farm activities of women and adult male.
Cage culture.
Dredging of rivers and canals.
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CHAPTER
1
1. Introduction and Methodology
1.1. Context of the Assessment
In August 2011 heavy localized rainfall in the southern parts of the country namely Satkhira, Jessore
and Khulna resulted in prolonged water logging which had negatively impacted the food security and
livelihoods of the local people. Following the rainfall induced water logging in August 2011, WFP,
FAO and international and national NGOs conducted several assessments in the worst affected
Upazilas of Satkhira and Jessore. This resulted in assistance programmes funded by ECHO for the
affected population which continued till November/December the Aman harvest period. In
December a post Aman harvest follow up survey was carried out by the similar agencies. The
assessment in December by WFP and FAO highlighted critical situation in restoration of livelihoods
and assets due to crop loss and reduced agricultural production, high debt and limited job
opportunity for the forthcoming lean season till the Boro harvest in May 2012. The report
recommended for food and cash transfer through public works and nutritional interventions. ECHO
funded the livelihood restoration and nutrition interventions which were implemented by WFP,
international and national NGOs in the worst affected Upazilas of Satkhira and Jessore till May 2012.
Following a good Boro harvest in May throughout the country, another needs assessment was
planned, this time jointly by the members of Food Cluster. This joint needs assessment (JNA) has
features unlike other JNA as this is perhaps the first ever study done by a cluster where different
agencies participated in primary fieldwork. The methodology, tools and checklists were prepared
jointly by the Technical Working Group (TWG) of Food Security Cluster (FSC) under the overall
coordination of World Food Programme (WFP). Previously conducted JNAs were very rich in
information but this time the study has a solid platform from where unique message can be
conveyed to the policy planners, people’s representatives and various development partners.
1.2. Objectives
There were 2 key objectives of this assessment;
1. Understand the current food security and livelihood situation in the affected areas.
2. Find out the number of people still in need of external assistance (if there are any).
1.3. Methodology
1.3.1. The basic premises
The study methodology was developed based on the following premises;
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


It will be a ‘rapid’ assessment following the assessments done in August and December
2011.
Essentially the assessment tools will be qualitative and participatory.
Area selection will be done randomly based on the flood situation in December 2011 and
May 2012. Selected areas should represent areas that are still either moderately or severely
affected.
1.3.2. The process
It should be noted that it was a joint assessment where agencies of UN, national and international
NGOs participated. WFP coordinated with the members of TWG to roll out the detail plan and
methods. Later, a broader level participation from the FSC was sought and all these were done
through a number of cluster as well as TWG level meetings.





The study was led by WFP with key responsibilities of coordination, production of tools,
initial planning, data management, analysis and reporting.
Based on the above premises, tools were initially developed by WFP and then circulated
among the TWG Members of FSC. After collating and full considerations of each and every
comment a set of final tools were prepared. It should be noted that while producing the
initial tools, WFP considered the tools it used for a follow up assessment as well as the tools
of last JNA by international and national NGOs which were both held in December 2011.
A call for participation was made to the FSC members and various consortium and
organizations working in the affected area responded with full team for a specific site; either
a Union or 2 Unions of an Upazila. A total of 14 organizations took the responsibility of
conducting primary fieldwork in 14 Unions of 6 Upazila of Satkhira and Jessore Districts.
FAO in collaboration with Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) conducted Key Informant Interviews
(KII) with agriculture, livestock and fisheries officer along with the water development
boards at local level.
WFP organized a 2 day training for the all the teams of different agencies. A total of 52
participants had gone through detail discussion on each tool. At the end of the training, a
mock FGD was also practiced by the teams to understand each and every section of FGD
checklists.
Figure 1 Tools and techniques
Tools
28 FGDs
Vulnerable
Group (14)
Female Group
(14)
7 RMS
7 Consultation
Meeting
7 KII
Growth Centers
UzDMC and
UDMC members
Upazila Officials
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1.3.3. The tools

Due to rapid nature of the assessment selective qualitative and participatory tools were
adopted. The tools (See Annex 1) are as follows;
o Focused Group Discussions
 Vulnerable group FGDs: A total of 14 FGDs of vulnerable groups-one in each
of the 14 selected Unions- were conducted. The participants (both male and
female) of these FGDs were mostly day laborers, marginal farmers and other
labor wage dependent people. It should be noted that the key criteria for
participant selection was that the participant may or may not have received any
assistance from any agencies. Key subjects of this FGD were livelihoods,
agriculture, food consumption, WaSH, priorities and needs etc.
 Female group FGDs: 14 FGDs of female groups were carried out in each of
the selected Unions. The key criteria of participant selection were at least 50%
of the participants had to have children under 2 years of age. Key issues of this
FGD were food consumption pattern, dietary diversity, livelihoods of women
and children, WaSH, general health and nutrition, priorities and needs.
o Consultation meeting: These meetings were held at each randomly selected Upazila
headquarter where members of Upazila Disaster Management Committee (UzDMC)
and Union Disaster Management Committee (UDMC) participated. This tool was
designed to have a broader consensus at local level on the level of impact at Union
level.
o Rapid market survey (RMS): This rapid survey was done at Upazila sadar market or in
the nearest growth centers. The aim of this survey was to understand the price level
of different staple food along with general situation of the physical market.
o Key Informant Interviews: KIIs were carried out in all 7 Upazilas with the government
officers (agriculture, livestock, fisheries, water development board).
1.4. The methodological learning in the field
While doing the fieldwork the field team encountered a few issues with the checklists as well as the
implementation of particular tools. All the learning of the fieldwork can be summarized as follows;


Field practice was required for the enumerators: Relative ‘discomfort’ on certain issues of
the checklist was observed among the FGD facilitators during the fieldwork. This may have
originated because of the lack of practice that usually is included in the training program for
enumerators. Initially it was thought that mock practice will suffice this need. However, as
enumerators came from various backgrounds, some had comparative advantages on some
sections while others may have had challenges in facilitation. For any future assessment field
practice after the training should be made mandatory so that the enumerators can facilitate
the FGDs more comfortably without reading each and every word in the checklists.
Group formation and relative representation of the communities: It should be noted that
apart from basic selection criteria of the participant of FGD, it was mentioned that the group
should be organized in such a way that represent the overall community i.e. vulnerable
group FGDs should not only include the day laborers rather be composed of representations
of various wage based livelihoods. Detailing about group formation system should be further
emphasized from next such assessments so that agencies consider that the FGD participants
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


should not only be taken from their existing beneficiaries rather from a premise that
appropriately represents the group that is sought for.
Checklists required more contextualization: Even though the checklist of each tool has gone
through reviews among the TWG members, while applying at the field a few limitations
were found. The livelihoods section required more review and contextualization. On the
other hand, some key information could have been added to understand the depth of
vulnerability of the people.
More preparatory work for UzDMC and UDMC consultation meeting is required: Based on
the premise that this is a ‘rapid’ assessment this joint/mixed group meeting were decided so
that the representatives of different unions can have a common platform to discuss the
status of each Unions affected by the flood and water logging. Union-wise UDMC meetings
are not suitable for a rapid assessment as this require more time. As all these meetings been
organized within a short notice all the chairmen of Unions, who usually have busy work
schedule, could not attend the meeting. However, it was made sure that at least the
representatives of the affected Unions were present in the meeting.
Preparedness of the FSC to conduct such assessment: One of the core propositions that can
be made based on the learning from the current assessment is that the FSC should prepare a
‘questionnaire/checklist bank’ including field manual for different tools. This ‘bank’ can be
used whenever required for the following assessments;
o Immediately after disaster (within 2/3 days): A sample question bank on emergency
humanitarian needs should be prepared that can be conducted with minimum
training of the data collector.
o 1st Rapid Food Security Assessment (within 1 month): Within 1 month a rapid food
security assessment should be done considering the dimensions of food security. A
questionnaire/checklist bank should be prepared considering different seasonality
aspects of livelihoods, agriculture etc.
o 2nd Follow-up Rapid Food Security Assessment (within 6 month): This follow up
assessment should be essentially a tracking study of the 1st assessment considering
the key food security indicators. However, seasonality aspects should be clearly and
rigorously reviewed prior embarking on this assessment.
o 3rd Follow-up Rapid Food Security Assessment (1 year): This is once again a tracking
study of the 1st and 2nd assessment. However as the seasons of livelihoods and
agriculture changes so another review of the checklists should be made.
Page | 4
CHAPTER
2
2. Food Availability
Key findings:
1. During the flood in 2011 when farmers were fully or partially affected by damaged Aus rice
production Transplanted Aman (T. Aman) was their post flood crop before starting Boro rice
production. Although overall 22.27 percent T. Aman producing lands were damaged, the
farmers managed to harvest the Aman rice. Scenario varied in different Upazilas ranging from
60-100 percent of a normal production.
2.
In the current year, despite the good Boro yield per hectare, the farmers could not produce
Boro to its full potential. Around 40 percent of the focus groups reported that their production
was less than 50 percent of a normal production. On top of the reduced production the low
selling price of Boro may constrain the marginal farmers from making a substantial investment
in the upcoming transplantation of Aman. Based on cost benefit analysis it is estimated that
marginal Boro farmers can earn around Taka 4500 from selling their produce which is not at all
sufficient to make next investment. Only option remaining with them is a taking loan from the
MFIs or the money lenders.
3.
After Boro harvest the major labor requirement comes from shrimp ghers (shrimp farms) and
Aman transplantation. In recent times shrimp production has reduced due to spread of disease
and capital crisis induced by the prolonged water logging thus constraining alternate income
opportunities. Farmers anticipate good Aman harvest given that there will be no flood in the
area. However, over 40 percent of the FGDs reported that the cultivation areas are not
predominantly Aman producing areas. Therefore the coming Aman season is not going to
provide sufficient jobs. Moreover Aman plantation is not a labor intensive activity like Boro.
4.
Prospect of summer vegetable is yet to become normal. Local level production may impact
availability as well as the prices and consequently the consumption.
5. Livestock and poultry sector has not recovered from the damage done by the flood hence the
usual year round return from small scale farming is not available.
6. The shock of flood has devastated the gher farming as the owners and farmers had to bear a
heavy cost. Many remained indebted and disease outbreak in bagda (a kind of shrimp) farming
further exacerbated the situation. Generally, across all subsectors of agriculture there is a
strong sense of uncertainty as the major rivers were not dredged and experienced a high level
of siltation.
Page | 5
2.1. Crop Sector
2.1.1. Overview
The flood affected areas predominantly produces Aman and Boro rice. Moreover, the spatial
dynamics of the affected area is very diverse in terms of agricultural production if we consider
agriculture as a broad and integrated sector consisting crop, fisheries, livestock and forest. It should
be noted that Upazila level aggregate statistics may not necessarily represent the situation of the
most affected area1 i.e. Union or Wards of Unions where the FGDs were conducted. The major rice
crops in Satkhira are the rain fed T. Aman (60%) followed by the winter rice Boro (35%) and T. Aus
(5%)2. Based on the agricultural reporting from 2003 Aman was the most dominant crop in Satkhira
and Jessore region. Over the time the expansion of shrimp farms in the south has occupied many
Aman lands thus reducing the net Aman production area. In the recent FGDs, 43% of the FGDs
claimed that their areas are not predominantly Aman producing area.
During the flood in August 2011, the majority of the agricultural lands in the affected Upazilas and
Unions either had Aus crop in the field to be harvested in August-September or just planted Aman
seed beds. The rainfall induced flood and water logging submerged the agricultural fields with 4 to 6
feet of water for over 20 days, which was sufficient enough to damage the standing Aus crops as
well as the Aman seed beds and some percentage of just transplanted Aman crop. Usually Satkhira
district is surplus vegetable producing district. During this time of the year the majority of the
households produce summer vegetables in the homestead gardens. However, all the homestead
vegetables are damaged due to the deep and prolonged flooding/water logging.
2.1.2. The impact
The main standing crops affected by water logging/flooding were T. Aman seed bed, T. Aman (a
large portion of which was planted), Transplanted Aus (at harvesting stage) locally called Block
2,chili, betel leaf, vegetables and other minor crops. The full extent of damage to crops was not
officially established, whereas situation in Khulna Division especially in Satkhira district showed slow
sign of improvement but causing widespread damage as reported by the respective agriculture
departments of GOB. In 7 Upazilas of Satkhira district heavy rainfall induced water logging affected
17,465 hectare of transplanted Aman (T. Aman), 3890 hectare of transplanted Aus (T. Aus) and 1679
hectare of vegetables.
1
Aggregate Upazila level statistics have been collected from each of the selected study Upazila’s relevant
government office. On the other hand, community level perceptive information has been collected from FGDs
conducted in the most affected Unions or the ward of Unions. Hence, it is likely that while a particular ward of
a Union may suggest that there were no e.g. Aman crop, but at Upazila level we may find that the aggregate
production is same or even may have increased.
2
The crop production estimates in Satkhira are compiled from agricultural production time series data by
districts published by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS).
Page | 6
Table 1 Status of Boro, Aman and other crops in the study areas
Upazila
Area
inundated
(ha)*
Crop damage;
Total area
and
last T.
Aman (ha)
Number
of
farmers
affected
Aman
production
(mt-clean
rice)
Current
Boro
production
(mt- clean
rice)
Future production
prospect of Aman, summer
vegetables and local cash
crops (ha)
Asasuni
2,905
Total-1805, T.
Aman- 1760
3,360
23,963
22,955
T.Aman-9330, Vegetables548,Mustard-220,Potato-95
Debhata
3,035
Total- 1388, T.
Aman- 1225
8,360
14,659
25,370
T.Aman-5350,Vegetables500.Mustard-1250,Potato275
T.Aman-8340,Vegetables1110,Pusle530,Mustard,340,Wheat180,Potatao-450
T.aman-18000,Vegetables2480,Pusle-585,Mustard2900,Wheat-460,Potatao800
T. Aman 9373,Vegetable560,Wheat-360,Potato320,Chilli-255,Onion250,Pulse-550
T.Aman25500,Vegetables3135,Mustard-1310,Pulse1425,Potato-300,Oil-Seed350
Tala
6,300
Total- 4848, T.
Aman- 2000
54,100
21,895
64,075
Satkhira
S.
5,800
Total- 4400, T.
Aman- 3200
29,352
51,450
67,000
Keshabp
ur
3,500
Total- 2476
T. Aman- 1516
18,530
22,516
64,112
Total= 2145
T. Aman=
1680
18,850
63,539
133,278
Moniramp 3,200
ur
* Area inundated information only gives an estimate of crop land inundated not the actual land area.
In case of the affected Unions, the focus
Graph 1 Community perception on last Boro production
groups reported that the last T. Aman
production in November/December
2011 was much less than normal
25% of normal
production due to damage of seed beds.
production
During the flood when farmers were
7%
fully or partially affected by damaged
26-50% of
29%
Aus production, the T. Aman was their
normal
21%
production
post flood crop before cultivating Boro.
51-75% of normal
Although overall 22.27 percent T. Aman
production
producing lands were damaged, the
farmers harvested the T. Aman where
43%
More than 75%
the scenario varied in different Upazilas
of normal
ranging from 60-100%. Based on the
production
production trend, T. Aman rice
production (clean rice) ranged from 2.6
to 2.9 MT/ha.
Boro Status
Page | 7
In case of Boro paddy communities reported that on average the yield per acre was quite good.
However, all the cultivable lands could not be brought under Boro production which has brought
down the total production to some extent. Thirty percent of the FGDs response shows that they had
less than 50 percent of a normal Boro harvest, whereas for majority the Boro production was 50 to
75 percent of a normal production. On top of the low yield of Boro, the farmers did not receive a fair
price for the crop, which was the case for the Boro farmers throughout the country. Combining both
yield and price shows a marked reduction of net profit for a farmer. This reduced profit is very likely
to have an impact on investment capacity for the planting of upcoming Aus and Aman crops. A cost
return estimate based on the information on average agricultural input cost and net selling price
per/maund (40kg) of rice during the time of field work suggests that on an average a Boro cultivator
is likely to have a profit of 4,557tk/acre if he sells the harvested paddy during the peak time.
Considering the net land owned by a marginal farmer not exceeding 1.5 acres, the profit is extremely
insufficient. Marginal farmers usually access loan from various sources to meet the expenses of Boro
cultivation and due to this reason an initial push factor to sell the harvest persists everywhere. The
limited profit will push the marginal farmers to access loans again at high interest rate for the
upcoming crops and this vicious cycle of loan and its repayment is likely to have an effect on food
expenditure.
Labor
(Tk.)
7910
5432
6171
59
574
Gain /
Loss (Tk.)
Tillage +
Irrigation
(Tk.)
1759
sell price
(last 2
week of
May)
Pesticide
(Tk.)
6374
Yield
maund/a
cre
Fertilizer(
Tk.)
1393
Harvestin
g (cutting,
threshing
&transpo
rtation)
(Tk.)
Seed (Tk.)
Table 2 Average cost benefit analysis for Boro paddy reported by the marginal farmers
4577
Besides paddy production, cash crops like turmeric and potato did not seem to be promising
enough. Fifty percent of the FGDs reported not producing the cash crops whereas 15 to 20 percent
were expecting a normal production and for the remaining 20 percent the production was moderate
to poor.
Turmeric
Not turmeric
producing area
Planting not possible
14%
7%
50%
14%
Potato
Not Potato
producing area
Planting not
possible
Limited quantity
22%
Limited quantity
7%
Moderate
15%
Normal
Graph 3 Turmeric potential
7%
57%
7%
Moderate
Normal
Graph 2 Perception on Potato potential
Page | 8
2.1.3. Production prospect of other crops.
The communities are dubious about going for a full-fledged production of summer vegetables and
Aman production due to limited investment capacity and in anticipation of another crop loss.
Despite this concern communities do not have any other alternatives as agriculture is their main
livelihood. Among other crops 29 percent of the communities reported that they would produce
some pulse and oil seeds. As mentioned earlier Aus is a very minor crop in this area and only 7
percent FGDs suggested that there is a potential to have a moderate cultivation of Aus. For potato
and turmeric the farmers reported that amount of land to be cultivated as compared to a normal
season might be 35 percent.
Vegetable potential
% of areas likely produce
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Indian
Red
Spinach Amaranth
Brinjal
Cabbage
Okra
Spinach
Stem Yard long Pointed
Amaranth bean
gourd
Country
Bean
Graph 4 Potential of different vegetables in the affected area
All the following vegetables were reported to have prospect ranging from limited quantity to normal
production. Notably most of these are summer vegetables which do not have much prospect.
Notably, the vegetables which are regarded as high value crops i.e. brinjal, okra etc. have limited
area coverage. Usually, commercial high value vegetable crop production requires significant level of
wage labor. Cash crop production also depends on the suitability of land, farmer’s enthusiasm and
motivation, financial ability, local demand, cost benefit ratio of the product and existing marketing
facilities. As the area coverage for the forthcoming crop production has been reported to be very
low this might negatively impact the market for the daily agricultural laborers. Moreover, limited
summer vegetable production may also influence the dietary diversity of the people in the area
which will be discussed in the food consumption chapter.
2.1.4. Assistance provided
No assistance is provided either from government or donors or NGOs (international and national) to
the affected crop farmers for agricultural production. 7419 farmers out of 132,552 affected farmers
in the studied Upazilas were supported for Aus, Aman or Nerika paddy production by the DAE. The
support package usually consisted of seed and fertilizer.
Page | 9
2.1.5. Major constraints
Limited resources to invest in agriculture followed by risk of flood in the coming monsoon were
identified as the major two constraints in the FGDs. Fifty percent of the communities suggested that
money is their main problem for the upcoming crop production. In response to the various sources
on investment over 80 percent of the respondent groups were likely to have loans from microfinance institutions and money lenders. This raises the question on the viability on the investment
and as very often the return on investment may be spent on repaying back the interest of the loan.
Graph 5 Source of money for the planned crops
Major reasons if unable to plant
major crops
Do not have
sufficient money to
purchase inputs
Flood risk
17%
Source of money for planned crops
8%
15%
MFI
Money lender
50%
33%
Swith to gher
Own saving
77%
Graph 6 Major constraints to plant upcoming crops
2.2. Livestock Sector
2.2.1. Background
One of the coping strategies that households followed was selling of poultry and livestock (animal
assets) at a lower price. Feed and shelter for the livestock became extremely challenging for
marginal households and damage done by the flood has not yet been recovered. Twenty one
percent of the focus groups reported that they have partly recovered their livestock and the rest
have not recovered at all. As livestock subsector often contributes in regular income for the marginal
households the situation has worsened the monetary flow for these households. It should be noted
that the local chicken and duck farming is based on indigenous techniques i.e. usually on scavenging
basis with no or very less disease control measures. Insufficient measures for controlling diseases,
high livestock and poultry feed price, lack of training and marketing facilities supplies and services
are the main constraints to move forward.
2.2.2. Damages
Satkhira district under Khulna Division was the most affected by losses (around 142,800 heads of
chickens, 4381 heads of ducks, 62800 heads of cows, 58500 goats, 1280 sheep, 180 buffalos) due to
water logging as reported by the Department of Livestock Services (DLS). This excludes the value of
the affected animal sheds and other available feeds. The infrastructural losses were estimated
around Tk. 21.7 million. Moreover, the figures could increase as the livestock’s are now more
susceptible to diseases due to various stress and lack of feed.
Page | 10
2.2.3. Current situation
The economic losses of the farmers were high as they were forced to sell their livestock and poultry
stocks in low price. Most farmers could not start restocking of livestock and poultry which needed
cash. They were expecting cash from future crop sale, asset sale or land lease or borrowing money
from local sources (bank or NGOs or private). They farmers, specially the landless, marginal and
small farmers who lost crops in addition to livestock, poultry and fisheries need support for recovery.
2.2.4. Future prospect
The livestock sub-sector offers considerable employment opportunities in Satkhira as elsewhere in
the country, particularly for the rural poor. Small-scale livestock rearing provided self-employment
to some 3 million rural women between 1993 and 20023. Post-flood rehabilitation programme needs
to be undertaken to support this livestock sub-sector providing inputs, infrastructure materials and
loans on low/soft interest. There is promising possibility of raising livestock and poultry in affected
Upazilas of Satkhira compared to crop production which are mostly affected due to salinity in land..
2.2.5. Assistance provided
No assistance from the DLS except advisory services was provided. In some of the Upazilas they
provided vaccines and the medicines. No supports from NGOs or donors were noticed.
2.3. Fisheries sector
2.3.1. Background
In coastal areas of Satkhira, fisheries and aquaculture represent the main livelihoods. A sizable
percentage of rural/costal population is directly or indirectly involved in fisheries. With prevalence of
brackish water facilitates, the aquaculture sector (shrimp cultivation mainly) represents major
livelihood opportunity in the area where the annual pattern is shrimp-fallow-Boro. As mentioned
earlier almost 43% of the communities in the studied area reported that they do not produce Aman
as those are dedicated shrimp area. Shrimp/fish ghers generate a significant demand of labor
especially in the preparatory phases i.e. earth works, liming and lining, etc. Places which are shrimp
area and have a poor outlook in this year are in a highly vulnerable situation for the poorer wage
labor households.
2.3.2. Damages
The main damages of water logging occurred
to fish pond and shrimp ghers in Satkhira
district. In fisheries sector carp ponds and
ghers of shrimp were inundated. The
Department of Fisheries (DoF) of Satkhira
estimated that the financial loss due to
inundation stands at Tk. 3014.717 million,
affecting around 27,967 fishers and fishermen.
Shrimp/fish outlook
Production not
possible
7%
29%
21%
Not shrimp/fish
area
7%
36%
2.3.3. Current situation
20% of normal
production
20-50% of normal
production
More than 50% of
normal
production
During the primary fieldwork, it was observed Graph 7 Shrimp/fish outlook
that the gher farmers are preparing the field
3
Danida, 2002 Report
Page | 11
for the rainy season which creates employment for the wage laborer. However, along with the
community people, local fisheries officer of all the study areas mentioned that there is an outbreak
of diseases in bagda shrimp ghers and this may aggravate the situation. Community perception
suggests that only 7% of the areas probably will experience a normal production and other shrimp
growing areas are likely to have a moderate or limited production. It was also reported that the last
flood has left a huge number of gher owners in debt and as the rivers have not been dredged so
there is an uncertainty about making further investment which may wash away if there is slightly
more rain than usual.
2.3.4. Assistance provided
No assistance from the DoF except advisory services has been provided. No support from NGOs or
donors was noticed.
Page | 12
Table 3Reporting from Key Informant interviewees on different areas on fisheries
Key Informants
Is there any recent outbreak of
disease in case of aquaculture or
in ghers
Availability and access to
fisheries feed and medicines
Any assistance provided to the
gher and fish pond owners by
your Department
Name unions worst affected in
terms of damage to fishery
Mr. Md. Mostafizur
Rahman, Assistant
Fisheries Officer, Asasuni
Upazila, Satkhira
For carp and golda culture, no
incidence of disease has been
reported but for bagda culture
prevalence of white spot disease
is about only 20%. The main
reason of bagda mortality was
due to the imbalance of
physiochemical parameters of
pond/gher water because water
levels of the ghers are very low.
Feed are generally not used in
fish and shrimp culture. As such
feeds are not available locally but
if required they can have it either
from Khulna or from Jessore.
Medicines are not available
because these are not used.
Only a damage report was
submitted to the Department
but no assistance was provided.
Kulla, Dorgapur, Kadakhali,
Sapnali, Budhata- severely
affected and Assasuni is partly
affected.
Mr. Md. Badruzzaman,
Upazila Fisheries Officer,
Debhata Upazila, Satkhira
No disease for carp and fin fishes
but shrimp mortality happened.
Prevalence of viral disease is
about 10%. Major mortality
happened due to low water
level, higher water temperature
and PH values.
Feeds are generally not used in
fish and shrimp culture. As such
feeds are not available locally but
if required they can have it either
from Khulna or from Jessore.
Medicines are not available
because these are not used.
Only a damage report was
submitted to the Department
but no assistance was provided.
Kulia, Parulia and Noapara are
severly affected whereas
Debhata and Shakhipur are
lightly affected.
Mr. Md. Abdul Bari,
Senior Upazila Fisheries
Officer and Mr. Md.
Bazlur Rahman Sarder,
Assistant Fisheries Officer,
Tala Upazila, Satkhira.
No disease for carp and fin fishes
but shrimp mortality happened.
Prevalence of viral disease is
about 20%. Major mortality
happened due to low water
level, higher water temperature
and PH values.
Feeds are generally not used in
fish and shrimp culture. As such
feeds are not available locally but
if required they can have it either
from Khulna or from Jessore.
Medicines are not available
because these are not used.
Only a damage report was
submitted to the Department
but nothing was provided
accordingly. Some assistance
through Aila project was
provided to some of the affected
people.
Tetulia, Islamkathi, Tala sadar,
Jalalpur, Dhandia, Nagargata,
Kumira- are severely affected
whereas Khalil Nagar,
Kholishkhali, Khesra, Magura and
Sorolia are partially affected.
Mr. Md. Abdul Wadud,
District Fisheries Officer,
Satkhira; Mr. Nirmal
Kumar Ghose, Assistant
Fisheries, Satkhira Sadar,
For carp and golda culture, no
incidence of disease has been
reported but bagda culture
prevalence of white spot disease
is about only 20%. The main
Feeds are generally not used in
fish and shrimp culture. As such
feeds are not available locally but
if required they can have it either
from Khulna or from Jessore.
Only a damage report was
submitted to the Department
but no assistance was provided.
Alipur, Dhulihor, Daubhanga,
Balli, Labsha and Fingri- are
severely affected while
Bashdaha, Pushkhali, Baikali,
Buna, Shibpur, Homra,
Page | 13
Key Informants
Is there any recent outbreak of
disease in case of aquaculture or
in ghers
Availability and access to
fisheries feed and medicines
Any assistance provided to the
gher and fish pond owners by
your Department
Name unions worst affected in
terms of damage to fishery
Satkhira
reason of bagda mortality was
due to the imbalance of
physiochemical parameters of
pond/gher water.
Medicines are not available
because these are not used.
Mr. Md. Hadiuzzaman,
Upazila Fisheries Officer,
Mr. Md. Alamgir Kabir,
Assistant Fisheries Officer
and Mr. Md. AmanUllah,
Extension Officer,
Keshabpur Upazila,
Jessore.
For carp and golda culture, no
incidence of disease has been
reported but bagda culture
prevalence of white spot disease
is about only 20%. The main
reason of bagda mortality was
due to the imbalance of
physiochemical parameters of
pond/gher water.
Limited feeds are generally used
in fish culture. But for golda and
bagda culture nothing is used.
Feeds are available locally.
Medicines are not available
because these are not used.
Only a damage report was
submitted to the Department
but no assistance was provided.
Bidhyanandakathi, Shagar Dari,
SufalaKathi, Gauribona- are
severely affected while
Trimohini, Pajia, Mangalkot,
Mazidpur gram and Keshabpur are partially affected.
Mr. H. M. Badruzzaman,
Upazila Fisheries Officer,
Monirampur, Jessore.
For carp and golda culture, no
incidence of disease has been
reported.
Limited feeds are generally used.
Feeds are available locally but if
required more they can have it
either from Khulna or from
Jessore. Medicines are not
available because these are not
used.
Only a damage report was
submitted to the Department
but no assistance was provided.
Shankur, Monohorpur, Kultia,
Nehalpur, Durbadanga,
Horidaskhali, Dhakuria, Morshim
Nagar, Japa, Horihornagar and
Chaluahati- are severely affected
while rohita, Kashim Nagar,
Rosegati, Khedepara, Kolanpur
are partially affected.
Mr. Md. Ramjan Ali, DFO,
Jessore; Mr. Md.
MizanurRahman, Project
Director, Bhabodah
Project; Mr. Bishwajit
Bairagi, Senior Upazila
Fisheries Officer, Jessore
Sadar Upazila, Jessore.
For carp and golda culture, no
incidence of disease has been
reported but bagda culture
prevalence of white spot disease
is about only 20%. The main
reason of bagda mortality was
due to the imbalance of
physiochemical parameters of
pond/gher water.
Limited feeds are generally used.
Feeds are available locally but if
required more they can have it
either from Khulna or from
Jessore. Medicines are not
available because these are not
used.
Only a damage report was
submitted to the Department
but no assistance was provided.
Shankur, Monohorpur, Kultia,
Nehalpur, Durbadanga,
Horidaskhali, Dhakuria, Morshim
Nagar, Jhanpa, Horihornagar and
Chaluahati- are severely affected
while rohita, Kashim Nagar,
Rosegati, Khedepara, Kolanpur
are partially affected.
Brahmarajpur, Agardadhi - are
partially affected.
Page | 14
CHAPTER
3
3. Food Accessibility
Key findings
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Generally all the major livelihoods are moving towards recovery though fish farmers and
laborers claimed that their recovery has not been satisfactory.
Since this has been a post Boro harvest assessment people had sufficient money in their
hand but they were also fearfully anticipating the coming lean season especially in the
areas where Aman is not produced substantially (43% communities).
Expenditure on food followed by repayment of loan, shelter repair and medicine has been
reported to be the major expenditure sectors. Over the past months women and children
also contributed to the household income which is not a normal scenario. Over 71
percent of the FGDs reported that they have sent their children to work in brick field,
agricultural field and rickshaw van pulling. However, agricultural wage of children and
women laborer remained extremely low. Compared to that of a male laborer, a child
laborer and a female laborer received over 60 percent and 30 percent less respectively.
Boro price shock has left the marginal farmer with no additional money to invest for the
upcoming crops. However, agricultural day laborers who are net buyers of the rice have
been benefitting from this low rice price and currently the terms of trade in terms of rice
are almost similar to pre flood time which is around 6.3 kg. However, this is a seasonal
scenario. Usually in the coming months the agricultural wage rates will drop despite the
Aman planting season (Aman wage are less than Boro wage) and the rice price will go up.
There are pocket areas where T. Aman is not cultivated as these are predominantly gher
areas. Despite this, Aman planting is not a labor intensive production therefore does not
provide extensive livelihood opportunities.
In general, both marginal farmer and wage labor households are in a vulnerable situation
as the major rivers have not been dredged and excessive rainfall in the monsoon will
again create water logging.
3.1. Livelihoods recovery status
This follow up assessment was conducted immediately after the Boro harvest which is normally a
lean season for the agricultural wage laborer. On the other hand, this is the time when agricultural
wage laborers also have food and cash stock as wage during Boro harvesting time is the highest
Page | 15
% of FGD response
amongst all the agricultural
seasons. Communities reported
Major livelihoods status
that slowly all the major
100
livelihoods of the vulnerable
Not affected
80
groups are coming back to
60
No recovered
normal situation. Recession of
40
water and the Boro season made
20
Moderately
a positive impact for both the
normal
marginal farmers as well as the
Fully normal
agricultural day laborers. On the
other hand the status of the nonagriculture laborer and petty
traders also has had notable
progress. Response on the Graph 8 Status of major livelihoods
fisheries related occupations
shows a slow pace of recovery due to a number of reasons. One reason is that the last few months
have remained extremely dry and the flow of water from upstream rivers in the coastal rivers was
marginal. On the other hand, most of the ponds/ ghers became dry. Hence, this is a usual dry season
picture of fishing sector in the area.
3.2. State of agricultural labor households
Generally, households dependent on income from agricultural day labor are vulnerable due to their
limited ownership and access to agricultural land. Most of their income comes from wage they get
working for other tenant households. In case of Satkhira, the number of small agricultural
households has doubled in last 12 years from 37 percent to 55 percent. This particular feature has a
number of connotations. At one end, the capacity to invest in high value commercial crops is limited,
and on the other side, due to very small/no savings they are pushed towards negative coping
strategies such as migration, reducing quality and quantity of food consumption \ when natural
calamities devastates their small crop holdings. In addition to this, the non-farm holdings find it
difficult to manage work locally due to crowding out effect in local labor market.
Table 4 Change in agricultural wage labor holdings
Items
1996
2008
All
Holding
s
Total
Small
Mediu
m
Agri.
Households
Percentage
Nonfarm
Holding
s
Farm Holdings
All
Holdings
Nonfarm
Holding
s
Total
Small
Mediu
m
Large
116627
54863
61764
59051
2515
198
224219
100428
123791
112998
9592
1201
100
47.04
52.95
95.60
Percent of
All Holdings
4.07
0.32
100
44.79
55.20
91.28
7.748
0.97
38.29
52.46
30.88
37.18
7.15
3.26
54.10
59.60
50.34
54.57
28.62
22.50
Large
Farm Holdings
Source: Agriculture Census, 2008. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
From last August to till now, overall agricultural sector has experienced only a full productive season
of Boro. So the labor cushion that the sector usually creates has not happened yet as other prime
sectors like shrimp/fish production has only partially recovered. Due to this reason, small farm
Page | 16
holders and non-farm holders have been experiencing a chronic shortage of capital which has been
reported as the main constraint to revive the livelihoods. Key reasons are crowding out effect in local
labor market and lack of operating capital to start the small scale livelihoods options.
Key constraints in reviving livelihoods
% response in each ranking
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Pond for shrimp Surplus labour Lack of money Lack of money Lack of money other (specify)
farming still
to buy input for to buy input for to buy livestock
under water
agriculture
fisheris
Key Constraint-Rank 1
Key Constraint-Rank 2
Key Constraint-Rank 3
Graph 9 Key constraints in reviving livelihoods
One of the aspects that persist across all the communities is the uncertainty rooted in the lack of
water carrying capacity of the rivers. While exploring the perception on the time frame required for
full recovery of the major livelihoods they mentioned about the uncertainty looming as the rivers
have not been dredged. Moreover, a number of canals have been excavated through cash for work
program by a number of agencies. Now these canals are deeper than the linked rivers and the sluice
gates of these canals are still ineffective. If it rains more than ‘normal’ then it is very much likely that
the canals may not carry out the water
from the fields. Apparently, marginal Graph 10 Time required for full recovery of the
farmers have no other way out then to livelihoods
invest in T. Aman paddy and they are
very much uncertain on the fate of this
crop.
60
50
Response %
Above all, the post-harvest situation
should be considered in case of drawing
any conclusion. At present the price of
clean coarse rice is perhaps lowest
comparing the prices in last few years.
Moreover, the primary fieldwork was
conducted immediately after the
harvesting and during this time usually
labor households earn more money
comparing to other months. The
entourage of low rice price and income
Time required for recovery
40
30
20
10
0
Already Between Between In more
resumed one and two and than
two
three
three
months months months
1st rank response %
Don’t
know
2nd rank response %
Page | 17
from the Boro harvest has significantly increased the buying capacity of rice for the labor
households. On the other hand, a gradual positive change can be seen in terms of wage comparing
the peak flood and December scenarios.
Table 5 Terms of Trade (ToT) in terms of rice purchasing capacity
Agri wage (Tk/day)
Non-agri wage
(Tk/day)
Rice price (Tk/Kg)
ToT ag day
labourer (Kg rice)
ToT, non ag day
labourer (Kg rice)
Before
flood June
2011
Peak flood/ Dec-11
August 2011
May12
% change
now &
Before
flood
% change
now &
peak
flood
%
change
now &
Dec.
200
210
100
50
129
136
136
169
-46.8
-24.0
26.6
70.5
5.5
19.6
32.63
6.1
36.9
2.7
28
4.6
25
5.1
-29.2
-20.2
-46.0
46.8
-9.9
9.0
6.4
1.5
4.9
6.3
-2.4
75.6
21.9
3.3. State of children and female day laborer
In all communities it has been reported that female contribute a considerable proportion of income.
Moreover, 71% of the communities suggested that they have sent children to work. Women and
children work in diversified labor intensive sectors for a low wage. Average wage for children is
around 50-70 taka depending on the nature and type of work. Average wage for women is also
found to be the same except activities by the agencies.
Around 1/3 of the child and female labors work in agricultural sectors and around 23% of women
been employed through the CFT/CFW activities. Women are also involved in work like earth work,
gher, mason helper, hair collection, snail collection, fishing, domestic help etc. In case of children it is
alarming that their involvement in hazardous work e.g. work in brick fields is significant. Other major
employment sectors are domestic help, mango orchard, restaurant, tutoring, micro business, brick
field, van rickshaw pulling.
Sectorwise employment by
women
31%
36%
Agri wage
Setorwise involvement of children
U 15
Agri wage
labour
16%
32%
CFW
CFT
Handicraft
10%
19%
Miscellaneous
Van/Ricskaw
Earth work
30%
16%
6%
Miscellaneous
4%
Graph 11 Sector-wise employment by women
Graph 12 Sector-wise employment by Children
Page | 18
3.4. Alternate livelihoods for laborers and marginal farmers
% of communities reported
As mentioned earlier that the major livelihoods are slowly coming back to normal situation. During
last few months all the vulnerable households had to seek employment from alternative sources.
Migration seems to be the most
significant alternative that the
Alternative Source of Employment
households usually adopt. 100% of
120
the communities reported that
100
they migrated when they could not
80
find
work
at
local
level.
60
Employment generation activity by
40
20
the agencies has contributed
nd
0
significantly and is the 2 most
important source that provided the
households with employment.
Other options like loan, purchase
food on credit have also been taken
by some of the households.
Graph 13 Alternative sources of livelihoods
3.5. Price of basic staples
While ToT i.e. real income in terms of rice purchasing capacity has significantly increased prices of
other basic staples have also had a sharp increase. Comparing the prices in four different points
shows that except rice all the price of basic commodities have increased. This price hike in general
has influenced the dietary practice of all the vulnerable households. Apart from fresh fish all other
basic staples is linked with national level commodity supply chains and as long as the road transport
communication and local physical market remains functional these prices will continue to fluctuate
with national market prices. On the other hand, during flood and water recession time the price of
fresh fish was very much reasonable and households could even catch fish from water bodies
around.
Page | 19
Price trend of basic staples
140
120
Tk/kg
100
Jun-11
80
Aug-11
60
Dec-11
40
May-12
20
0
Local Rice Wheat/flour
Fresh
fish(small)
Masur
Soybean oil
salt
potato
Graph 14 Price trend of basic staples
3.6. Expenditure in vulnerable households
Sector-wise expenditure reveals that the major expenditure source is food followed by medicine,
shelter repair and repayment of loans. It was widely discussed in the FGDs that most of the
vulnerable households accessed loans from local money lender during the time of flood as MFIs
stopped providing the loan and also stopped collecting installments for some time. Latter, when
water receded these groups once again started accessing the loans of MFIs to pay back the loan and
interest to the money lenders. This cycle is still continuing and a major portion of their income is
going back to the MFIs. As most of the vulnerable households are now in this cycle of loan, so it is
likely that any small cash grant may end up in repaying loans. On the other hand, specific
interventions designed to generate year round income may result in better capacity to manage
these loans.
Sectorwise expenditure
14
12
10
8
1st rank
6
2nd rank
4
3rd rank
2
0
Food
Medicine
Repair
shelter
Recovery of Purchase of Repayment Children’s’
livelihood agricultural
of loan
education
inputs
Others
Graph 15 Major expenditure sectors of vulnerable HHs
Page | 20
CHAPTER
4
4. Food Consumption and Utilization
Key findings:
1. Seven percent of the FGDs reported to have poor food consumption score (FCS) even after
the post-harvest period. In August the rate was 10 percent and in December no
communities were detected with poor food consumption mainly due to food assistance
programmes and availability of fish in the open water. At present 57% of the FGDs
responded that they belong to the borderline category which was only 38% in December
and 18% in August.
2. General improvement of dietary diversity in terms of rice, milk and milk product, and
pulses and meal frequency in terms of rice consumption bears a signature mark of a postharvest assessment. However, due to high prices of protein, especially fish the overall FCS
has deteriorated due to lack of protein consumption.
3. There is an improvement in meal frequency across all age groups compared to that of
August 2011. However, concerns remain over significant reduction of meal frequency of
the pregnant and lactating mother and under five children comparing the last December.
4. Consumption of rice has increased significantly and currently per person consumption is
over 2.5 kg which was less than 2 kg in December. In August 2011 the rice consumption
was reported to be 2.4 Kg. The Agricultural wage laborers who are the net buyers of rice
are spending 94 percent of their income after rice. As the price of basic staple declined the
prices of other basic food commodities shot up like oil, pulse and potato affecting the
quality and quantity of the food basket.
5. Much recovery has been made in terms of access to safe drinking water. However, there
are significant portion of areas where it takes more than one hour to fetch water.
6. Improvement in using sanitary latrine has been reported. However, open defecation and
unsafe children’s feces disposal practice has remained as a critical health threat to the
overall wellbeing of the communities. Immediate attention is required.
7. Prevalence of gut parasites and water borne disease has remained very high. Status of
worm infection also a very high threat to utilization of food by different age groups.
Page | 21
4.1. Food consumption and nutrition
Comparing FCSs of August, December
Food Consumption Score
and May shows that there is a gradual
shift from acceptable scores towards 120%
borderline score. At present 57% of the 100%
FGDs responded that they belong to the
36%
80%
borderline category which was only 38%
61%
72%
60%
in December and 18% in August. One of
40%
the reasons is the protein intake has
57%
20%
reduced over the time especially fish
38%
18%
10%
7%
that was abundant during the time of
0%
0%
August
Dec-11
May-12
flood. Moreover, in first few months
Poor score: ≤ 28
Borderline score: >28 to ≤ 42
after flood there were ongoing food
Acceptable
score:
43-52
assistance programs from a number of
agencies. It should be reiterated here
that among all households in Satkhira, Graph 16 Food Consumption Score
54% is agricultural wage dependent households and these FGDs were also conducted among them.
FCS also suggests that the overall nutritional security is worsening for majority of the vulnerable
groups.
4.2. Diet diversity and frequency
The graph below has been generated tabulating weekly consumption of 14 food groups by
vulnerable households. Comparing the current household dietary diversity with that of the month of
December shows that positive changes occurred in case of rice, spices, sugar, milk and milk product,
and pulses. On the other hand, protein and vegetable consumption reduced significantly. The high
protein consumption in December was an inflated scenario due to availability of fish in the open
waters and free pulse distribution by agencies providing external assistance. These households
usually buy ‘anchor’ pulse which is a low quality, low priced imported pulse. Moreover, the price of
potato has increased significantly within just last 2 months and reduction of the price of rice also
Diet Diversity
Condi & spices
Sugar, molasses (gur)
Fruits
Milk & milk product
Egg
Meat, poultry
Fish
Edible oil
Vegetables
Pulses
Potatoes
Other cereals
Wheat
Rice
2
0.2
1.5
0
2.0
0.4
0.4
4.1
1.3
0
0.0
2.2
0.4
5.6 6.1
0 0.3
0.6
Dec-12
5.2
2.9
3
May-12
4.6
4.8
6.8
1.4
6
0.0
Graph 17 Diet diversity
3.2
2.0
4.0
6.0
6.7
8.0
Page | 22
contributed in higher amount of carbohydrate consumption.
Kg/HH
gm/person
A significant improvement is visible in case of rice consumption. Across vulnerable and female group
FGDs it was reported that an average
household (5 to 6 members) consumed
Rice requirement and consumption
around 2.7 kg of rice per day. Comparing this
3.0
600
information with before flood, during flood
2.5
500
and/ December scenario shows that
2.0
400
households are consuming even more than
they usually consumed last June. The income
1.5
300
from the recent Boro harvest, low rice price
1.0
200
and marginal farmers having crop stock at
home are possible reasons for such good
0.5
100
consumption of rice. Moreover, wage
0.0
0
laborers also reported that they can find
Before flood Peak flood December
Now
(August)
work on an average 4 days per week
Average rice consumption in Kg/household
therefore their average income per month is
Average rice in gram/person/day
Taka 2241 which is higher than December
income of Taka 1560. Considering
Graph 18 Rice consumption change per households
requirement of around 70 kg rice per
and per person
household, estimated 94% of the income is
spent on rice procurement. As households especially the marginal farmers may have some stock at
home from last Boro harvest so the proportion of expenditure on rice may be lower in recent times.
Despite the reduced expenditure in rice the overall expenditure in food was reported to be high in
section 3.6. The increased price of oil, pulse, salt and potato the basic food items for the poor
households have contributed to the increased expenditure on food. In the upcoming lean season the
rice consumption will decline.
4.3. Intra household food consumption
There is an improvement in meal
frequency across all age groups
compared
to
that
of
August
2011.However, concerns remain over
significant reduction of meal frequency
of the pregnant and lactating mother and
under five children comparing the last
December. Meal frequency for the adult
male and female is almost the same
having 2 and a half meal per day.
Throughout the affected areas several
patterns of meal cooking practice have
been reported. In some areas,
households usually prepare food 2 times
a day whereas in some parts it is 3 times.
The general practice is to have the
Intra household meal frequency
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
May-12
Dec-11
Aug-11
Graph 19 Intra-household meal frequency
Page | 23
leftovers of the dinner of previous night or in another way, rice cooked overnight and kept steeped
in water to consume in the morning.
4.4. Water and Sanitation
4.4.1. Source of water
Significant improvement has been seen in terms of access to safe water4 by households in the
affected areas. While around 89% of the communities were accessing safe water in the month of
December, it has increased up to 96% by end of May. This statistics also surpasses the estimates of
Household Food Security and Nutrition Survey (HFSNA) 2009 showing 94.8 % of households’ access
safe water. Depending on the frequency of rain, households also reported that they use rain water
whenever it is available. Apart from drinking, households generally use water from ponds and/open
water bodies to wash utensils and household members also generally bath in open water bodies.
% reponse from the
communities
Source of water
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Supplied water
Tubewell
Open water body
Rain water
1st rank
2nd rank
Dec-11
1st rank
2nd rank
DTW/STW
May-12
Graph 20 Source of water in the households
4.4.2. Time to fetch water
Around 70% of the households can now fetch drinking water within 30 minutes which was
only 20% during December. Most of the
Childrens feces disposal
water points have been repaired and
Safe disposal
contributed in reducing the time to collect
Place where people dump waste
water. On the other hand, it should also be
Bush
In water body
considered seriously that where 96% of the
7%
communities are accessing tube-well water
21%
and the aggregate amount of time spent by
women to fetch water is huge. At present
36%
32% of the communities spend more than
30 minutes to fetch water. In some of the
36%
areas which are predominantly shrimp
farming (gher) areas the scarcity of water is
still very high and women spent more than Graph 21 Children’s' feces disposal practice
4
The definition of safe water considers quality, quantity and sustainability criteria as its basic
components. However, in this assessment source of water has been used as the key indicator
assuming that the access to tube well water is the safest source that the households generally
access.
Page | 24
one hour to collect drinking water for the household and 7% of the communities spend such
amount of time.
4.4.3. Defecation point and feces disposal practice of the communities
% of people
Across communities significant positive change has been made towards using sanitary latrine. During
the month of December 35% of the communities were using open defecation as their most common
practice which has reduced to less than 3%. However, cumulative use of hanging/open latrine, pit
latrine and open defecation is still around 20% which is perhaps one of the key reasons of higher
incidence of diarrheal diseases. On the other hand, in case of children’s feces disposal in only 7% of
the cases people use the safe disposal technique and in 93% of cases this is practiced in open spaces
posing higher threat to human health.
Defecation point
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Sanitary Latrine (family)
Sanitary Latrine (public)
Damaged family latrine
Damaged public latrine
Hanging/open latrine
Open Defecation
1st rank
2nd rank
3rd rank
Dec-11
1st rank
2nd rank
3rd rank
Others (pit latrine)
May-12
Graph 22 Defecation point access trend
% of communities reported
4.4.4. WaSH priorities
While setting up priorities in WaSH, male participants in FGDs emphasized mainly on tube
well and sanitary latrine
WaSH priorities
whereas female participants
100
prioritized having a sanitary
80
latrine for the household
60
should as females faces
40
difficulty accessing common
latrine facilities and they also
20
do no practice open
0
Tubewell Hygeniec Water Sanitary Sufficient Safe
Other
defecation as males do.
materia; storage Latrine
water place for (DTW)
Moreover some marginal
jar
bath
households reported that
Male 1st Priorities
Male 2nd Priorities
they sold out or lost the
Female 1st Priorities Female 2nd Priorities
water storage utensils during
the flood and till date could
Graph 23 WaSH priorities of male and female
Page | 25
not buy any metal water storage jar.
4.4.5. Prevalence of gut parasites
93% percent of the communities reported worm prevalence and among those communities
14 percent reported to have extreme prevalence. Based on the community reporting such
prevalence is quite high which has strong linkage with underutilization of food and may
have linkage with other symptoms of under-nutrition. At one hand, food consumption score
is moving toward borderline status, and on the other hand there is possibility that whatever
they are consuming cannot utilized due to higher prevalence of gut parasites. It should be
noted that while deworming is done for the school going children and has been
incorporated in the national immunization programme, community level deworming is not
done.
% response
4.4.6. Symptom/result of under nutrition
General perception on common
Symptom/result of undernutrition
symptoms and results of under100
nutrition has been collected from all
80
the communities. There is a common
perception that both adult and children
60
have been having the same problem of
40
‘tiredness’. Another major perception is
20
‘lower weight’ of children. However, it
0
should be noted that this assessment
Dec-11
May-12
Dec-11
May-12
did not carry out any proper nutrition
Adut
Children
measurements
like
MUAC
or
Tiredness
Palor of skin
Anemia
Lower weight
Others
anthropometry. Women also reported
to have observed anemia among Graph 24 Symptom and/ or result of under-nutrition
children and adults.
% of communities reported
4.4.7. Common diseases
Disease prevalance
Perceptions on common diseases clearly
90
80
suggest the overall hygiene and
70
sanitation situation has a direct linkage
60
with high level of diarrhea among
Diarrhoea
50
cold and fever
40
children and adult and this has not
skin disease
30
changed much compared to situation in
Gastric/ulcer
20
December. Even in this dry season when
Pneumonia
10
0
Others
on an average 96% of the communities
Dec-11 May-12 Dec-11 May-12
reported to have accessing tubewell
Children disease
Adult disease
water, there seems to be a common
hygiene problem across all the
communities. Another major perception Graph 25 Prevalence of diseases among adults and children
Page | 26
was found to be cold and fever which communities suggested to have been linked with the
‘seasonal change’, high temperature and humidity. Wide prevalence of skin diseases have
been reported in many communities, especially in the areas where marginal people work in
ghers It was claimed that the water of the ghers have become contaminated as well as the
waters of the open water bodies which they use for bathing.
Page | 27
CHAPTER
5
5. Coping strategies, priorities and needs
5.1. Coping strategies
Throughout Bangladesh vulnerable households adopt a diverse range of strategies to cope with
different shocks. Coping strategy index (CSI) has been used earlier5 in Bangladesh and elsewhere to
understand the severity and vulnerability of different socio-economic groups. This particular
assessment collected only the general coping strategies adopted by the vulnerable groups in last few
months. If adaptive strategy is employed compromising the asset of the households than that
particular coping strategy may also affect future livelihoods security. The following graph shows that
the number of response on selling asset (land, tree), or purchase food on credit is less. These types
of strategies have potential to affect the livelihoods security. The most practiced strategies were
reduction of meal size and female adults eating less, which are commonly practiced coping
strategies in lean seasons throughout Bangladesh.
Graph 26 Coping strategies adopted by the households
Coping Strategies Adopted
% of communities reported
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Reduced
meal size
Eat less
Eat
Male adults Female
Selling
preferred roadside eat less to adults eat advanced
food
vegetables
feed
less to feed labour
etc
children
children;
1st rank
5
2nd rank
Purchase
food on
credit
Migration
Send
Selling
children to land/tree
work
3rd rank
Socio-economic Profiles of WFP Operational areas & Beneficiaries, 2006, pg 90.
Page | 28
5.2. Priority Needs of the Community
In all the FGDs a simple exercise was done by the participants to identify the short term (within 2 months), medium term (2 to 6 months) and long term
(more than 6 months) priority needs. While considering the needs participants emphasized that broad agricultural sector is the key sector that needs to be
revived as this sector (crop and fish) employs wage labor based households. Marginal farmers also considered the imminent risks of flooding and
emphasized on assistance for flood water drainage system revival. Major response came on issues of resumption of livelihoods activities, lack of capital to
continue agriculture in the upcoming season as well as other non-crop investments e.g. shelter, small business. A significant percentage of response came
on food assistance in medium term, IGAs that can generate year round income and various cash grants.
Warm clothes
School feeding prog.
Flood shelter
Village infrastructure development
Long term needs
Sanitary latrine
Cooking utensils
Grant for livestock
Grant for fisheries
Baby food
IGA
Short term financial support
Medium term needs
Have flood water drainage system
revived
Short term needs
Access to clean drinking water
Food
Health Care
children return to school
Shelter
Other agricultural inputs
Seed for agricultural production
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
resumption of livelihood activities
% response
Priority Needs of Vulnerable Groups
Graph 27 Short, Medium and Long term priority needs of the vulnerable groups
Page | 29
5.3. Population and Areas in Need of Assistance
This assessment had detail consultative workshops with all the UzDMC and UDMC members in all
the selected Upazila under study. Discussion was facilitated in a way where the elected
representatives of the people as well as different officials of various government departments could
reach consensus on the areas which still require external assistance. Identification of area was done
using 3 criteria; percent of population affected due to flood, Boro paddy harvest status and Aman
paddy potential. Severity score was given using the following matrix. Score 1 was given for least
affected, score 2 for medium level affect and score 3 for worst level of affected for that specific
criteria. The exercise considered all the Unions of the affected Upazilas rather than only the study
Unions. When the total score for a specific Union was found to be more than 8 (at least two criteria
shows worst, and another criteria can be medium level to worst affected)
Table 6 Area identification criteria matrices
Criteria
% of population affected
Boro harvest comparing with normal production
Aman potential
0-33%
1
3
3
34-66%
2
2
2
67-100%
3
1
1
Note: 1= least affected, 2=medium affected, 3= worst affected
By using this matrix, the following livelihood and demographic table has been generated for the
priority areas. Total 16 Unions have been identified as priority areas for assistance- 10 unions are in
Satkhira and 6 unions in Jessore.
The population in need in these 16 priority unions was estimated based on following method.
1. Number of marginal farmers in need of agricultural assistance was estimated.
2. Number of highly food insecure vulnerable households without any agricultural land and
regular income were estimated for livelihood support.
3. Number of children under five and PLWs in these marginal farm and vulnerable households
were estimated for nutrition support.
HFSNA 20096 estimated that 23 percent of the total population in Khulna division is agricultural and
non-agricultural laborers who are functionally landless, and 17 percent are marginal farmers. On the
other hand based on the recent assessment report 8% of the FGD groups identified them as
chronically food insecure and 50 percent of the marginal farmers mentioned they need assistance
for the upcoming agricultural seasons.
In total 16500 households have been identified in need of external assistance in the 16 priority
Unions of which 8500 are marginal farmers who need support to recover their livelihoods and 8000
are chronically food insecure households with no regular employment. Out of these total 16500
households, 2500 children under five and PLWs need assistance under integrated mother and child
nutrition programme.
6
HFSNA 2009.
Page | 30
Short-term Response Strategy Logic:
The following table justifies the different types of proposed short response.
Response
Type
Cash
grant for
farming
Beneficiaries
Type
Small and
Marginal
Farmers
Duration
Logic
Lean
1. Marginal farmers experienced a price shock in Boro
seasonand could not save to invest in the upcoming crops.
August to 2. As T. Aman preparation is underway by the time
November
intervention starts farmers will have already planted
the crop by accessing micro-finance or local money
lenders indicated by them. Most of the marginal
farmers, if not all, are already in an indebted situation
and this usually drains out the inward cash flow of the
marginal farmers.
3. This cash support will contribute in paying back the
loan for Aman cultivation or in buying other
necessary inputs.
4. During lean season marginal farmers are less likely to
find wage labor work. So this grant will contribute in
the priority expenditures of the HHs.
Cash &
Vulnerable
Lean
1. Around 10% of the households are chronically food
food for
Hh: - Female
seasoninsecure due to disability, old age and/or no earning
training
headed HHs
August to
member in the HH.
on IGA
with limited
November 2. During August to November local agriculture and
employment
fisheries subsector will create fewer employments for
(It can be opportunities;
the wage labor and surplus labor supply is highly
cash for
- HHs with
likely to reduce the wage.
training,
disabled
3. Even after a generally good Boro harvest the dietary
food for
heads and
diversity has remained imbalanced and overall FCS is
training or elderly &
following a declining trend. Wage labor HHs are
cash and
limited
particularly susceptible to under-nutrition during lean
food for
employment;
season.
training)
-Day laborers
4. Recent experience suggests that the expenditure on
with no
non-food items has increased as an aftermath of the
agricultural
prolonged water logging i.e. shelter repairing, health
lands etc.
expenditure and loans accessed during the flood till
boro harvesting time. These also have contributed in
less expenditure in food items.
5. Specific IGAs that requires less capital investment and
have the ability to provide year round return has
been prioritized by the communities. CFT will provide
them the learning and investment opportunity on
that specific IGA.
6. The price of the basic staples generally increases
during this lean season and wage rate decreases. ToT
of the labor households reduced significantly and
results in a lesser quantity and quality meal
consumption.
Integrated Children
Lean
1. Alarmingly this assessment suggested that the meal
maternal
under 5 &
seasonfrequency of the PLW and U 5 children has reduced
Page | 31
Response
Type
& child
feeding
Beneficiaries
Type
PLWs from
the 16,500
vulnerable
households to
be assisted
Duration
Logic
August to
comparing with last December.
November 2. As a coping strategy mothers usually consumes less to
feed children in the HHs and this also aggravates the
breastfeeding capacity of the PLWs.
3. It was reported that the lactating mothers cannot
breastfeed sufficiently due to poor food consumption
and poor health. Again, the communities that
received Food Assistance for the PLWs have
mentioned about better capacity to breastfeed the
babies.
4. Generally, flood affected area has a critical level of
Global Acute Malnutrition prevalence and nutritional
support will contribute coping with under-nutrition.
It should be noted that along with ECHO funded WFP relief and rehabilitation activities multiple
agencies7 came up with various emergency and rehabilitation work in the affected area. While at
initial level different food and non-food item assistance was provided, latter most of the assistance
in the affected area went in the form of Cash for Work and Cash for Training program. These
activities contributed a lot in terms of helping the households to expend in their own priority needs.
It should be noted that WFP alone continued its blanket supplementary feeding for the PLWs and
children under 5 till June 2012. Latter, targeted supplementary feeding through Community
Managed Nutrition Activities started instead of Blanket feeding. The CFW and CFT involving a total of
12,600 participants planned for the period up to June 2012 have been completed. During July to Dec
2012, another round of CFT will assist 3,000 most vulnerable from among the 12,600 assisted. In this
context, it should be reiterated that all of the affected area will undergo a lean season after T Aman
transplantation and regular cash earning will be significantly reduced. Hence, the proposed
interventions may act as a backstopping on the overall achievement of the rehabilitation activities.
7
Please see the annexure for agency specific activities till date.
Page | 32
Table 7 Population in need of external assistance in the selected area
Upazila
Tala
Debhata
Satkhira
Sadar
Monirampur
Keshabpur
Name of Unions
Islamkati
Jalalpur
Sarulia
Tetulia
Kulia
Noapara
parulia
Labsha
Balli
Jhawdanga
Khanpur
Jhanpa
Trimohini
Biddanandakati
Sagardari
Sufalakati
Total HH
Day labor Hh @
23%
Marginal
farm Hh
(@ 17%
50% of the total marginal
farmers in need of
assistance
5300
5700
4900
5200
7140
6800
7600
5770
3132
6184
1219
1311
1127
1196
1642
1564
1748
1327
720
1422
901
969
833
884
1214
1156
1292
981
532
1051
400
500
400
400
600
600
600
500
300
500
8000
6000
9600
8000
7000
4800
101126
1840
1380
2208
1840
1610
1104
23258
1360
1020
1632
1360
1190
816
17191
700
500
800
700
600
400
8,500
8% most food
insecure Hhs in
need of
assistance
500
400
400
400
500
500
600
400
300
500
600
500
800
600
600
400
8,000
Total
households
in need of
assistance
900
900
800
800
1100
1100
1200
900
600
1000
1300
1000
1600
1300
1200
800
16,500
U-5 @
12%
PLW @
3%
110
110
100
102
141
134
150
114
60
122
26
28
24
25
35
35
37
30
15
30
158
118
190
158
138
95
2,000
39
30
47
39
35
25
500
Page | 33
Figure 2 Map of the most priority area
Page | 34
CHAPTER
6
6. Recommendations
Recommendations made in this chapter are based on following premises;







Wellbeing of all the marginal farmers and wage labor households depends on the revival of
agricultural sector. Despite the good per acreage yield of Boro rice, the affected areas could
not produce the rice to its full potential. Out of 16 high priority Unions, 9 reported that Boro
harvest was less than 40 percent of a normal year’s production. On the other hand nearly
30 percent of the FGD discussants reported that Boro price shock has put the marginal
farmers in a vulnerable situation as they do not have enough investment capacity for the
upcoming crops especially Aman.
The 2003 statistics from DAE have indicated that Aman is a predominant crop in many
Upazilas in Satkhira. However, in course of time many of the Aman paddy field has been
occupied by shrimp farming.
Though shrimp farms also provided an employment option in Satkhira, in recent times there
is limited potential for shrimp production due to disease and/or other reasons such as
capital shortage. In the 16 priority Unions the production of next Aman has been reported to
be quite low. Therefore these areas are likely to experience unemployment crisis till next
Boro plantation in November/December 2012.
As this was a post-harvest assessment so while rice consumption showed a positive trend,
overall food consumptions indicators did not show a positive trend which is expected to
deteriorated in the upcoming lean seasons with implication on child and maternal undernutrition. This is very much applicable for households headed by female wage laborers,
disabled and elderly heads with irregular income, households depending solely on wage
labor with no agricultural land or any other productive assets etc.
Most of the rehabilitation program i.e. CFW, CFT is going to end by the end of June/July.
Moreover in monsoon season it is not possible to carry out such interventions. Hence, it is
likely that the wage labor based households are going to face a crowding out effect in the
labor market.
In general, vulnerable households are in an indebted situation and most of their income is
spent to repay the loan and this cycle of loan has worsened since August 2011with the
inception of the water logging.
In the upcoming lean season there must be options of continued cash flows. Income
generating options should be those which generate year round income as well as requires
less capital investment.
Page | 35
A number of interventions been recommended by the communities (see graph below). All these
recommendations also clearly suggest that there is a chronic financial capital shortage among the
households and having source of regular income is their key preferred intervention. However, using
the premises mentioned earlier, the following interventions are recommended for further action;
WATSAN
Flood Shelter
Road & drainage system
Flood resilient shelter
Agricultural Input
support
Training for IGA with
grant
Cash Grant for small
trade, livestock, IGA
Continuation of CFW
and CFT
% reponse
Community preferred interventions
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Graph 28 Community preferred interventions
6.1. Interventions proposed by the current assessments:
6.1.1.
Short to medium term:
The short term measures are proposed only for the priority areas and groups identified through this
assessment.
1. Support to rehabilitate marginal farmers, day laborers with cash grant and cash and food for
training on homestead gardening, fisheries production and poultry rearing: In areas where
Boro production has faltered substantially and Aman production is not going to be in substantial
amount and moreover small farmers are in high debt, cash grants and agricultural input support
to the marginal farmers for agricultural farming and fisheries are recommended. For vulnerable
households and agricultural day laborers food and cash for training on IGA along with disaster
preparedness, post-disaster crop management, WASH, health and hygiene is also
recommended. Most of these measures are proposed mostly for the lean season from August to
November. Support to nutritionally vulnerable populations, especially pregnant and lactating
women (PLW) and children 6 to 59 months, with supplementary ration.
In order to address the specific needs of PLWs and children 6 to 59months, blanket
supplementary feeding in the selected vulnerable households is recommended until December
2012 using a micronutrient fortified food in order to prevent a deterioration of nutritional status
in these vulnerable household members, particularly given the exacerbating factors of
inadequate amount of diet, poor water and sanitation and the risk of water-borne diseases.
Response Type
Beneficiaries
Type
Beneficiaries
No.
Duration
Assistance details
Page | 36
Cash grant for
farming
Small and
Marginal
Farmers
8500 HHs
Lean
seasonAugust to
November
-Cash grant of BDT 3500 (one time
distribution)
- Technical support from DAE
Cash and/or
food for training
on IGA
Vulnerable HH: 8000 HHs
Lean
Training on IGA
Food package:
Female headed
season(poultry and
preferably with
HHs with
August to homestead
pulse, oil, sugar
limited
November gardening), DRR,
etc. (rice excluded)
employment
WASH/Hygiene in 4 Distribution: bi
opportunities;
sessions.
monthly (to reduce
- HHs with
Per session training operational costs),
disabled heads
remuneration
one distribution
and elderlies
appox. Taka 750
must be before
&limited
Eid-ul-Fitr in
employment;
August
-Day laborers
Period: beginning
with no
of August and
agricultural
beginning of
lands etc.
October
Integrated
Children under 20308childre Lean
Wheat soya blend
maternal & child 5 & PLWs from n U 5=
season(WSB) & Nutrition
feeding
the 16,500
430 PLWs
August to training
vulnerable
November
households to
be assisted
2. Revamping WASH programme
WASH indicators were found to be alarming in this area. Therefore it is recommended that the
WASH cluster takes up an assessment to revamp the WASH interventions in the affected areas.
Recently international NGOs have planned for a WASH programme for these water logged areas.
Implementation of these programmes hopefully will improve the situation.
6.1.2.
Medium to long term interventions
1. Support to nutritionally vulnerable populations, especially pregnant and lactating women
(PLW) and children 6 to 59 months, with supplementary ration.
The nutritional status of vulnerable household members can further deteriorated given the
exacerbating factors of inadequate amount of diet, poor water and sanitation and the risk of
water-borne diseases. In order to address the specific needs of PLWs and children 6 to
59months, blanket supplementary feeding is recommended until December 2012 using a
micronutrient fortified food. Blanket feeding is recommended in the follow up response as there
is currently limited capacity within the health sector to implement a targeted supplementary
feeding programme. For transition from blanket feeding, there should be a focus on developing
Community Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) within the health sector. This will
enable communities and the government to more effectively prevent and treat malnutrition and
its fluctuations between seasons and during and after disasters.
Based on WFP’s previous experience in blanket feeding programme in Satkhira, in general12.3% of
households have PLWs and 2.6% have children under 5.
8
Page | 37
2. Create Employment through public works programme
The prolonged flooding in Satkhira has significantly affected the livelihoods and income status of
the vulnerable households depending on marginal farming and agricultural day labor. Reviving
livelihoods still remains a challenge for the vulnerable households especially in areas where
agricultural diversity is very limited, only one major crop in a year. This also limits the access to
income with serious implication on food security and nutritional status of the vulnerable
population. In this context, creating employment opportunities in lean season is expected to
bring about sustenance in the livelihood, and food security. Employment generation through
public works programme especially canal excavation has a long lasting positive impact on local
agriculture and overall wellbeing of the community. Water carrying capacity of the rivers and
canals has been worsening and after each monsoon heavy siltation clogs the existing rivers and
canals. While major rivers are expected to be dredged by the government, the connecting canals
excavation will create employment for the marginal households. As soon as the next T. Aman
harvesting is done, preparation for special Food/ Cash for Work should be taken based on the
suitability of the specific context of the flood affected area.
3. Cage culture
Homestead or community-based cage fishing is a recently developed technology which is yet to
be replicated and up-scaled in the southern delta region of Bangladesh. Here, marginal farmers
can produce seasonal and selective fish species to support and enhance their livelihoods,
especially in water-logged areas of Satkhira district. Individual cages or series of cages can be set
by the side of houses or communities next to seasonal and perennial water bodies such as deep
ponds and canal. The most encouraging species for homestead and community-based cage
fishing is mono-sex tiliapia and thai sorputi.
4. Piloting the suitability of community enterprise approach (“Daudkandi model”) for
community-based floodplain fisheries management in water-logged areas
This approach promotes the potential for community enterprise initiatives enabling groups of
marginal rice farmers, fish farmers and poor and landless laborers to undertake aquaculture and
fisheries management on seasonally flooded floodplains or other water bodies. The proposed
activities aim to mobilize the affected communities for collective initiatives for better utilization
of the water-logged areas to enhance fish production, generate income and employment
opportunities and adapt to the changing ecologies – by harvesting between 0.15 and one ton of
fish per hectare in mini-catchment areas in early years, increasing to two tons per hectare in
later years. It is envisaged that such enterprises will have a strong multiplier effect through the
creation of backward and forward value chain linkages. It should be noted that the land tenure
pattern of Comilla and Satkhira is different. Hence the suitability of replicating this model should
be explored first.
The basic principles of the Daudkandi model are: (i) community engagement; (ii) commercial
approach; (iii) establishment of producer and marketing CBOs with well-represented executive
bodies and good governance; (iv) as a general rule, 40 ha “mini-polder” catchment areas
requiring the construction of “mini-embankments” and benefitting some 250 households; and
(iv) preparation of training modules and learning of new technologies by beneficiaries through
exchange visits with fish farmers of Comilla District and “learning by doing” of the FFS approach.
The total development costs for a typical 40 ha community-based floodplain fisheries scheme is
Page | 38
USD 57,200 (including the technical support of a specialist NGO, exchange visits and FFSs), i.e.
USD 229 per beneficiary.
5. Expansion and productivity enhancement of Boro rice
Boro rice relies entirely on an adequate supply of sweet surface irrigation water at a time when
salinity is a serious problem. The average yield of Boro rice is 3 to 3.5 tons/ha, best farmers’
yields are 5 to 5.5 tons/ha, and yields attained at local research stations are 6 to 7 tons/ha. The
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) has developed new high-yielding salt tolerant Boro
varieties suitable for cultivation in coastal polder areas, i.e. BRRI Dhan 47 and 55 and BINA-8,
which potentially can achieve 8.5 to 9 tons/ha. However, encouraging as these results may
seem, the project would not promote the intensification of Boro rice to the detriment of
marginal farmers growing irrigated rabi crops (that require far less water than Boro rice) in areas
where sweet water sources are limited and not sufficient for all to grow Boro rice – in an
attempt to demonstrate equitable water management systems within any given community. The
need for draining Boro rice seed beds and paddy fields may provide opportunity to demonstrate
and extend low-energy and low-cost axial pumps9 recently introduced into Bangladesh and
promoted by NGOs such as IDE-Bangladesh.
6. High-value field crops in the rabi season
The MoA/FAO draft “Master Plan for Agricultural Development in the Southern Region of
Bangladesh” lists 18 high value crops that are suitable for cultivating in the rabi season of the
southern delta region (i.e. barley, chickpea, chili, cowpea, groundnut, khesari, lentil, maize,
mung bean, mustard, pea, potato, sesame, soybean, sugar beet, sunflower, sweet potato and
wheat). Depending on the availability of residual moisture, rainfall and irrigation water, these
crops could be promoted to increase cash income of the marginal farmers and enhance their
food and nutrition security, viz:
Cereals: Maize is grown throughout the coastal polder areas. Short maturing high yielding
varieties (HYVs) of maize (130 to 135 days) can yield between 9 and 12 ton/ha while short
maturing wheat (100 to 112 days) can yield between 3.6 to 5.1 tons/ha.
Pulses: Peas are grown throughout the coastal polder areas. Chick pea, cow pea lentil, mung
bean and pea are attractive to resource poor farmers because they are short maturing (50 to 75
days). The BARI Mung 5 and 6 varieties of mung bean and BARI cow pea varieties with improved
management practices yield 1.4 tons/ha compared to local varieties with traditional practices at
400 to 500 kgs/ha.
Oil seeds: there are good varieties of groundnuts and soybean that could be grown in the coastal
polder areas. In Noakhali, BARI Soybean 5 and 6 and Sohag varieties under improved
management practices have yielded 2.1 to 2.8 tons/ha compared to local varieties with
traditional practices at 1.6 tons/ha. BRAC has also had considerable success with the promotion
of sunflower in Jessore and Satkhira Districts.
9
Axial pumps have already proven to be a more cost-effective technology for resource poor farmers to drain their
seed beds and paddy fields for the timely planting and enhanced water management of Boro rice in water-logged
areas. It is also reported the use of axial pumps also reduces the risk of soil salinity. The axial pumps have sufficient
capacity to irrigate 12 hectares of land (i.e. double that of a conventional four-inch tube-well). This means that they
are ideal for sharing amongst groups of between 25 and 60 marginal and small-scale farmers.
Page | 39
Tubers: The Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) has developed very popular
varieties of and cropping practices (with and without mulch) for potato and sweet potato. In
Noakhali District, potato cultivation with mulch gives 23 tons/ha and without mulch gives 14
tons/ha. However, potato is facing a storage problem throughout the country, which is affecting
pricing mechanisms.
Chilli is commercially grown throughout Barisal and Khulna Divisions, and, as a high value crop,
has great potential to increase farm income when grown in the correct conditions and according
to improved management practices.
The diversification of cropping systems and introduction of new high-value field crops provides
an opportunity to demonstrate conservation agriculture technologies and practices developed
by organizations such as CIMMYT and IDE-Bangladesh (e.g. inter-cropping, minimum tillage/strip
cropping and zero tillage/direct seeding). Benefits of conservation agriculture include the
enhancement of soil moisture retention (especially in the dry rabi season), the improvement of
soil quality (i.e. increased organic matter and inherent fertility) and a reduction in soil
erodability.
7. Development opportunities of horticulture and agro-forestry
The MoA/FAO draft “Master Plan for Agricultural Development in the Southern Region of
Bangladesh” lists development opportunities of horticultural and agro-forestry in the southern
delta region, viz:

minimizing yield gaps of horticultural crops through improved management practices, e.g.
correct spacing, timely fertilization and top working and pruning of fruit trees;
productivity enhancement of coconuts and areca nuts;
management improvement of under-utilized fruits (e.g. banana, guava and jujube) where
production could be double through the introduction of improved varieties, correct
spacing, fertilization, pruning and integrated pest management (IPM);
up-scaling of the Satkhira model of dwarf mango and jujube production;
up-scaling of the improved management of SwarupKathi Guava piloted in Pirojpur District;
up-scaling of vegetable production on floating beds in the monsoon season;
up-scaling vegetable and spice production using the Sorjan cropping system; and
vegetable cultivation in raised beds/mounds and year-round cultivation in shrimp gher and
paddy crop field boundaries;
up-scaling of shade-tolerant herb production (e.g. coriander, ginger, mint and turmeric)
under the canopy of areca nut, mangoes, guavas, etc. on roadsides and embankments.







8. Development opportunities of livestock rearing
Large and small ruminants, chickens and ducks are the main assets of the landless rural dwellers,
representing not only a source of income but also their capital to fulfill their social and economic
needs i.e. health and nutrition, education, weddings etc. This sub-sector is not getting adequate
support and services at the remote areas and the loss have not been taken care of.
Key activities for this intervention are as follow;





Farmers’ training on improve management system and appropriate technologies;
Precautionary measures for saving livestock and poultry during disaster and mitigation;
Preventive and control measures against common diseases;
Adapt available technologies and result demonstration;
Fodder production;
Page | 40


Develop local service provider for supply and services; and
Create market facilities for fair price of produces.
For rehabilitation of livestock assets to the affected households the inputs includes large and
small ruminants and poultry, feed, housing support, vaccinations and anthelmintics, feed storage
tank etc.) Cautionary note on livestock rearing is that the prolonged water logging creates a
complicated problem for the poorer households to manage feed as rearing practice have mostly
been scavenging basis. Moreover, shelter for the ruminant also turn into a difficult challenge and
often households sell out the ruminants finding no other way. These cautionary notes should be
considered and further reviewed prior taking any livestock distribution by any agency.
9. Cash grant and training on non-farm activities of women and adult male
This particular intervention should consider the local level suitable income generating activities
which have year round return potential and not capital intensive. Micro-business for women,
handicrafts is potential subsectors.
10. Dredging of rivers and canals:
Dredging of rivers and canals are very crucial to sustain all the development activities proposed
so far. Government has to take up this activity in priority basis otherwise susceptibility to water
logging in these parts of the country will keep on increasing over the years adding more misery
to the food security and livelihoods of the people.
Page | 41
ANNEXURE
Annex 1- List of participated agencies and staff
SCI
SCI
ACF
ACF
Lead
agency
confirmati
on status
Unions
Kadakati
Kullah
Kulia
Parulia
Upazilas
Assasuni
Assasuni
Debhata
Debhata
Satkhira
Satkhira
Satkhira
Satkhira
District
Agencies participated in the primary fieldwork
Contact person name
Team leader and Focal person:
TapanChakraborty, fsco-dep@bd.missions-acf.org,
Enumerators:
Mr. Abdullah Al-Mamun
Ms Salma Khatum
Data entry:
Md. Maniruzzaman
Focal Person:
Randhir Kumar Das; ranadhir.das@savethechildren.org;
Enumerators for VG+UDMC :
Mr. Abonindra Karmaker,
Ms. Swapna Mondol,
Enumerators for Female + Market Survey :
Ms Laily Begum,
Ms. Laxmi Rani,
Data Entry:
Mr. Ifteaker,
REQUIREMENT
OF SUSHILAN
STAFF
FGD
Vul.
FGD
Fem.
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
0
1
Market
survey Sadar
markets only
UDMC led by
WFP
KII(Upazila
level) by
FAO*
Assasuni S.
Assasuni S
Assasuni
Debhata S.
Debhata S.
Debhata
1
Page | 42
Lead
agency
confirmati
on status
Unions
FGD
Vul.
FGD
Fem.
1
1
1
1
Market
survey Sadar
markets only
UDMC led by
WFP
KII(Upazila
level) by
FAO*
Satkhira S
Satkhira S
Satkhira
Tala S
Tala S
Tala
WFP
Balli
2
Satkhira S.
Fingri
CA-MA-DCA consortia
Tala
Islamkhati
Action Aid
Labsha
Upazilas
Satkhira S.
Satkhira
Satkhira S.
District
Satkhira
REQUIREMENT
OF SUSHILAN
STAFF
WFP Khulna sub office staff 4 enumerators
Satkhira
Satkhira
Contact person name
Team Leader
Md. Nuruzzaman Chowdhury
Enumerators
Sarmin Sultana
Arnest Anida Sarkar
Alfred Gosh
Md. Sultan Ahmed
Data Entry Operator
Fahim Ahmed ( data entry)
Team Leader:
Abdul Halim, 01714-131479
Enumerators
FGD vulnerable group by: Lubna Zahan 01716-297795
FGD with UDMC by: Mahbub Alam Sohel, 01720208100
FGD with female by: Popi, Bhumija Foundation
01937281162
Market Survey by: Nihar Ranjan, Bhumija Foundation.
01712796855
Data Entry
Tazul Islam, Bhumija Foundation 01716363829
0
1
1
1
1
Page | 43
OXFAM
SI
CARE
Lead
agency
confirmati
on status
Unions
Tentulia
Sorulia
Jalalpur
Upazilas
Tala
Tala
Tala
District
Satkhira
Satkhira
Satkhira
Contact person name
Focal Person:
Suman Das; 01713060149;sdas@oxfam.org.uk.
Team Leader
Nusrat Jahir; 01716189765, njahir@oxfam.org.uk ;
Enumerator
S M Jaglul Razib, 01816252558
Mary Ratna, 1751626206
Data Entry Operator
G M Abdur Rahaman, 01930326134,
a_r_gold_bd@yahoo.com
Focal Person Md. Mahbubur Rahman; 01750137981,
mahbubur.rahman@bd.care.org
Team Leader- T I M Mazharuzzaman;
mazharuzzaman@bd.care.org
01711955766
Enumerator,
Tarun Kanti Mondal, 01726509167
Beauty Parven, 01728015231
Data Entry Operator- Md. Khairul Alam, 01712075539
Focal Person:
Rafiq - Food Sec program Manager sat.efsl.pm@solidarites-bangladesh.org - 01711988176
Team Leader
Sayeed Tanvir Hossain, tal.trg.off@solidaritesbangladesh.org
01915-756461
Enumerators
Nasima Akter 01735-087165
Shameem Ahmed 01818-231523
Data Entry Operator: Abdus Satter 01916 - 054633
REQUIREMENT
OF SUSHILAN
STAFF
FGD
Vul.
FGD
Fem.
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
Market
survey Sadar
markets only
UDMC led by
WFP
KII(Upazila
level) by
FAO*
Page | 44
Islamic Relief
CWW
VOSD
Lead
agency
confirmati
on status
Unions
Biddananda
kati
Sufalakati
Monohorpur
Upazilas
Keshabpur
Keshabpur
Monirampur
District
Jessore
Jessore
Jessore
Total
Contact person name
Team
Mr. Mahadeb Das, Cell:01713443701 & 01715233051
Md. Moshiur Rahman, Cell:01712589124
Md. Shah Alam, Cell:01713443739
Mr. Bibhanshu Saha. Cell:01742718018
Team Leader:
Abdul Mannan
Enumerator
Ms. Tandra Datta, 01736-394 825
Mr. Shamimur Rahman, 01749-209 606
Data Entry
Mr. Mohammad Sukur Ali, 01725-038 053
Team Leader
S.M Abu Kaiser 019 75440095
Enumerator
Rakibul Hasan, 017 12205421, 01678690203
Morium Begum, 017 39025146
Data Entry Officer
REQUIREMENT
OF SUSHILAN
STAFF
FGD
Vul.
FGD
Fem.
0
1
1
Market
survey Sadar
markets only
UDMC led by
WFP
KII(Upazila
level) by
FAO*
Keshabpur S
Keshabpur S
Keshabpur
0
1
1
0
1
1
Monirampur S
Monirampur S
Monirampur
4
14
14
6
6
6
Md. Assaduzaman +88 018 29417258, 017
17408522
Page | 45
Annex 2- Responses of KIIs
RESPONSES ON KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW- AGRICULTURE
Key Informants
Current situation: Total
Area; (ha);Net cropped
area(ha);Area
inundated
(ha)
Area
inundated
(ha)
Crop
damage;
Total area
and
last T.
Aman
(ha)
Number
of
farmers
affected
Aman
production
(mt-clean
rice)
Current
Boro
production
situation
(mt- clean
rice)
Future
production
prospect of Aman rice,
summer vegetables, local
cash crops like turmeric,
beetle leaf etc (ha)
Mr. Md.
NurulIsalam,
Upazila Agriculture
Officer, Asasuni ,
Satkhira
The Upazila consists of
Unions
=11,
Population = 3,81,438;
Total area-37643 ha
Net cropped area15945 Major Cropping
pattern=Boro-FallowT.Aman
2,905 Total
=1805,
T.Aman=
1760
3,360
23,963
22,955 T.Aman-9330,
Vegetables548,Mustard220,Potato-95
Mr.
SujamnMajumder,
Upazila
Agriculture
Officer,
Debhata Satkhira
The Upazila consists of
5 Unions=5,
Population = 120660;
Total area-17215;
Net cropped area6300; Major Cropping
pattern=Boro-FallowTa-.Aman
3,035 Total=
1388,
T.Aman=
1225
8,360
14,659
25,370 T.Aman5350,Vegetables500.Mustard1250,Ptato-275
What types of
assistance provided
by the DAE to the
affected farmers?
T.Aman seedling
for 30 farmers
and HYV Aus for
85
farmers
(package of 5kg
seed, 16kg urea,
10kg DAP & 10kg
MoP) for I bigha
T.Aman seedling
for 50 farmers
and HYV Aus for
270 farmers
(package of 5kg
seed, 16kg urea,
10kg DAP & 10kg
MoP) for I bigha
cultivation
Page | 46
Mr. Md.
Presented separately
G.N.A.Gafur, U AO,
Tala, Satkhira. And
Mr. Md.
MahbuburRahman,
UNO
6,300 Total=
4848,
T.Aman=
2000
54,100
21,895
Mr. Dipak Kumar
Roy, UAO, Satkhira
Sadar, Satkhira
The Upazila consists of
Unions=14,
Population = 410355;
Total area-40348;
Net cropped area25230; Major Cropping
Pattern=Boro-FallowT.Aman
5,800 Total=
4400,
T.Aman=
3200
29,352
51,450
Mr. Sanjoy Kumar,
UAO, Keshabpur,
Jessore.
The Upazila consists
of
Unions=9,
Population =
269275;
Total
area=25903 ;
Net cropped
area=20543; Major
Cropping Pattern=
Boro-T.Aman-t.Aus
3,500 Total=
2476
T.Aman=
1516
18,530
22,516
64,075 T.Aman8340,Vegetables1110,Pusle530,Mustard,340,Wheat180,Potatao-450
T.Aman seedling
for 24 farmers
and HYV Aus for
820 farmers
(package of 5kg
seed, 16kg urea,
10kg DAP & 10kg
MoP) for 1 bigha
cultivation
67,000 T.amanHYV Aus for 1380
18000,Vegetablesfarmers (package
2480,Pusle-585,Mustard- of 5kg seed, 16kg
2900,Wheaturea, 10kg DAP &
460,Potatao-800
10kg MoP) for 1
bigha cultivation
64,112 T.Aman 9373,Vegetable560,Wheat-360,Potato320,Chilli-255,Onion250,Pulse-550
HYV Aus for 1560
&Nerika for 300
farmers (package
of 5kg seed, 16kg
urea, 10kg DAP &
10kg MoP) for 1
bigha cultivation
Page | 47
Mr. Kazi Shah
Newaz,UAO,
Monirampur,
Jessore And Mr.
MdZillurRahman,
UNO,
Monirampur,
Jessore.
The Upazila consists
of Unions=16,
Population =
443661;
Total
area-115000;
Net cropped
area=83945; Major
Cropping pattern=
Boro-T.AmanVegetables-T.Aus
3,200 Total=
2145
T.Aman=
1680
18,850
63,539
133,278 T.Aman25500,
Vegetables3135,Mustard1310,Pulse-1425,Potato300,Oil-Seed-350
HYV Aus for
2350&Nerika for
550 farmers
(package of 5kg
seed, 16kg urea,
10kg DAP & 10kg
MoP) to cover I
bigha cultivation
Page | 48
RESPONSES ON KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWS- FISHERIES
Key
Informants
Current situation: Owners will go
back production soon, can not
do production taking loans to
buy fingerlings and shrimp seed
etc.
Is there
any recent
outbreak
of disease
in case of
aquacultur
e or in
ghers
Availability and
access to
fisheries feed
and medicines
Any assistance
provided to the
gher and fish pond
owners by your
Department
Mr. Md.
MostafizurR
ahman,
Assistant
Fisheries
Officer,
Asasuni
Upazila,
Satkhira
The Upazila is consisted with 11
unions having a population of
3,81,438. Total water resources
is 17885 ha of which carp area
constitute 16% (2925 ha), bagda
75% (13333 ha) and golda only
9% (1627 ha).Fish and shrimp
farmer started their production
soon after the damage. They
arranged the money through
borrowing, taking loans from
bank/NGOs or selling their last
resources. Among the fisheries
production, bagda constitute
about 75%, golda 9% and carp
16% only. Per hectare production
of bagda, golda and carp is about
250-300 kg, 500-600 kg and
1500-2000kg respectively.
Farmers are happy with the
production and the intensity of
For carp
and golda
culture, no
incidence
of disease
has been
reported
but for
bagda
culture
prevalence
of white
spot
disease is
about only
20%. The
main
reason of
bagda
mortality
was due to
Feed are
generally not
used in fish and
shrimp culture.
As such feeds
are not
available locally
but if required
they can have it
either from
Khulna or from
Jessore.
Medicines are
not available
because these
are not used.
Only a damage
report was
submitted to the
Department but no
assistance was
provided.
Name
unions
worst
affecte
d in
terms
of
damag
e to
fishery
Kulla,
Dorgap
ur,
Kadakh
ali,
Sapnali,
Budhat
aseverel
y
affecte
d and
Assasu
ni is
partly
affecte
d.
Any
other
issues as
deemed
relevant
Possible response recommended
for recovery in Fisheries sector
Cultural
practice
is very
tradition
al.
Modern
culture
need to
be
introduc
ed,
IMMEDIATE:River and adjoining
canals need to be reexcavated and
their connectivity with big river
need to be established. (b). Leasing
of Govtkhascanal through DCR
should be stopped and kept open as
Govt land for mass utilization. ©.
Collateral free loan and training
should be provided, (d). Homestead
level be raised by earth filling, (e)
Aquaculture inputs be provided.
MID TERM: Training and capacity
building of the farmer (b). Effective
policy implementation. LONG TERM:
Land zoning needed for crop, fish
and shrimp cultivation (b).
Infrastructure development and
electrification needed. (c) Fish
processing factory needed (d)
Departmental man power needs to
be increased (e) Union based
Page | 49
production is increasing day by
day. There are 63 fish and shrimp
collecting Depo and 10 ice plant
but no processing factory. There
is no facility for carp fingerling
and bagda/golda PL production.
Possibilities for expansion of cage
farming of Tilapia, pangas and
crab within the water logged
area.
Mr. S.M.
Rafiqul
Islam,
Chairman,
Kulla Union
Parishad,
Assasuni
Upazila
Farmers have started production.
The production level is good and
the farmers are happy. Bagda
dominated area. Bagda
production is 80% of total shrimp
production. Besides, Tilapia,
bhetki, faisha etc. fin fish are
grown along with bagda. Carp
production is not much- only for
family consumption. Water is
highly saline and may range from
3-22 PPT. Poor farmers burrow
money sometimes from the
money lenders. Water logging
remains 6-7 months from August
to January/February.
the
imbalance
of physicochemical
parameter
s of
pond/gher
water
because
water level
of the
ghers is
very low.
No disease
for carp
and fin
fishes but
shrimp
mortality
happened.
Prevalence
of viral
disease is
about 1015%.
Major
mortality
happened
due to low
water
level,
higher
water
temperatu
re and PH
values.
farmers training centre or
information centre needed.
Feeds are
generally not
used in fish and
shrimp culture.
As such feeds
are not
available locally
but if required
they can have it
either from
Khulna or from
Jessore.
Medicines are
not available
because these
are not used.
Nothing provided
Kulla.
Kadakh
ali,
Sapnali,
Charido
rgapur,
Budhat
a,
Sreeoll
a -are
severly
affecte
d.
Lacking
Govt.
Initiative
s for the
recovery.
IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining
canals need to be re-excavated and
their connectivity with big river
needs to be established. (b). Bheri
Badh construction and renovation,
(c) Pond construction for supply of
sweet water for drinking, (d) Leasing
of Govtkhas canal through DCR
should be stopped and kept open as
Govt land for mass utilization (e).
Homestead level be raised by earth
filling, (f) Inputs for fisheries
production be supplied. MID TERM:
Modern aquaculture technology be
introduced, (b) Planned gher
farming, (c) Cyclone shelter
construction and renovation of the
old ones, (d) Training and capacity
building of the farmer, LONG TERM:
Govt. initiatives intensified, (b)
Infrastructure development and
electrification needed. (c) Fish
processing factory needed and the
Page | 50
Mr. Md.
Badruzzama
n, Upazila
Fisheries
Officer,
Debhata
Upazila,
Satkhira
The Upazila is consisted with 5
unions having a population of
1,20,660. The water resources
cover an area of 16330 ha of
which bagda constitute 54%
(8875 ha), golda 2% (365 ha) and
carp 44% 97090 ha). Total
fisheries production is about
9348 MT and annual requirement
is 1920 MT showing a surplus of
about 7428 MT. Yearly
production of carp, prawn and
shrimp indicated an increasing
trend over the years. There are
neither carp, golda and bagda
hatchery under Government
intervention. Only 2 golda private
hatchery and 260 private carp
nursery in private sector. The
Upazila is mainly Bagda
dominating area which
constitutes about 90% of total
shrimp production of the Upazila.
Yearly production of fish and
shrimp is showing an increasing
trend over the years. Water
logging has not created any
negative impact on total fish
production of the area rather
fisheries production has been
increased. Personally some are
affected. The Upazila has a
surplus of fish production. Very
wide scopes are existed for the
No disease
for carp
and fin
fishes but
shrimp
mortality
happened.
Prevalence
of viral
disease is
about 10%.
Major
mortality
happened
due to low
water
level,
higher
water
temperatu
re and PH
values.
Feeds are
generally not
used in fish and
shrimp culture.
As such feeds
are not
available locally
but if required
they can have it
either from
Khulna or from
Jessore.
Medicines are
not available
because these
are not used.
Only a damage
report was
submitted to the
Department but no
assistance was
provided.
Kulia,
Parulia
and
Noapar
a are
severly
affecte
d
wherea
s
Debhat
a and
Shakhip
ur are
lightly
affecte
d.
Fingerlin
g quality,
feed
quality
and
linkage
with feed
supplier
is
needed
processing methodology be
transparent
IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining
canals need to be re excavated and
their connectivity with big river
need to be established. (b). Leasing
of Govt khas canal through DCR
should be stopped and kept open as
Govt land for mass utilization.
©.Modern Culture technology be
introduced (d) Infrastructure in the
gher area be developed, (e).
Homestead level be increased by
earth filling, (f). Fisheries input be
provided. MID TERM: Policy for
quality fingerling and PL be
introduced, (b) Quality fish/shrimp
feed supply be ensured, LONG
TERM: Manpower be increased, (b)
Infrastructure development and
electrification in gher area needed.
(c) Fish processing factory needed
(d) Strong linkage with feed industry
and medicine company needed (e)
Union based farmers training centre
or information centre needed.
Page | 51
Mr. Md.
Abdul Bari,
Senior
Upazila
Fisheries
Officer and
Mr. Md.
BazlurRahm
anSarder,
Assistant
Fisheries
Officer, Tala
Upazila,
Satkhira.
expansion of cage culture of
crab. Affected farmers arranged
money from loans and selling of
their last resources. Water
logging remais for 4-5 months
starting from August to
December. Wide scope for crab
fattening program. 60% of total
exportable crab is exported from
the Upazila.
The Upazila is consisted with 12
unions with a population of
2,94,400. Total water resources
are 12305 ha of which shrimp
area constitute 57% (7016 ha)
and carp area 43% (5289 ha).
Among fish production, shrimp
and prawn represent 62% (4700
MT) of total production (7567.69
MT) while carp production is 38%
(2867.69 MT). Mainly shrimp and
prawn dominating area. Salinity
ranges upto 15-16 PPT during the
peak seasons (May -June). Fish
requirement is 6017.53 MT
whereas production is 7567.69
MT showing a surplus of 1550.16
MT annually. Per hectare
production rate of prawn (golda)
600-700 kg/ha, shrimp (bagda)
250-300 kg/ha while carp is 15002000 kg/ha which are considered
lowest in the world. Fish
fry/fingerling production
49,00,000 while requirement
2,65,12,980 showing a shortage
No disease
for carp
and fin
fishes but
shrimp
mortality
happened.
Prevalence
of viral
disease is
about 20%.
Major
mortality
happened
due to low
water
level,
higher
water
temperatu
re and PH
values.
Feeds are
generally not
used in fish and
shrimp culture.
As such feeds
are not
available locally
but if required
they can have it
either from
Khulna or from
Jessore.
Medicines are
not available
because these
are not used.
Only a damage
report was
submitted to the
Department but
nothing was
provided
accordingly. Some
assistance through
Aila project was
provided to some
of the affected
people.
Tetulia,
Islamka
thi, Tala
sadar,
Jalalpur
,
Dhandi
a,
Nagarg
ata,
Kumiraare
severel
y
affecte
d
wherea
s Khalil
Nagar,
Kholish
khali,
Khesra,
Magura
and
Sorolia
are
Cultural
practice
is very
tradition
al.
Modern
culture
need to
be
introduc
ed,
IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining
canals need to be re-excavated and
their connectivity with big river
needs to be established. (b). Gher
farming should be planned way, (c)
Gher dikes should be wider and
stronger, (d) Infrastructure
development is needed. (e)
Collateral free loan and training
should be provided, (f). Alternative
income generating activities be
provided, (g). Quality of PL and
fingerling supply needed, (h). PCR
Labouratory in the shrimp area is
needed, (i) Coordination among the
participating Department is needed,
(j). Homestead level be raised
through earth filling, (k). Fisheries
inputs be provided. MID TERM:
Training and capacity building of the
farmer (b). Effective policy
implementation, (c). Production
diversification & introduction of
modern cultural technology. LONG
TERM: River and canal reexcavation on a regular basis, (b).
Page | 52
Mr. Md.
MahbuburR
ahman,
of 2,16,12,980. Water logging
remains 4-5 months starting from
July-August to NovemberDecember. Some part of Tetulia
and Islamkathi is still under
water. Monosex Tilapia culture
has started in two unions
(Dhandia and Nagarghata). Crab
fattening program has also been
started in two unions (Khalil
Nagar and Khesra).There are two
rivers namely Kapotakh and
Shalta which are completely
silted up, no water flow. Water
exchange into the ghers not
possible. Water level of the ghers
very low, may be 1.5-2.5 feet
only. Carp culture has not been
expanding and flourishing all
around. Even then over all fish
production of the area is
increasing. Affected peoples
started their business
immediately after the damage.
They manage their money
through loans from bank, NGO
and selling their resources. About
8000 peoples are directly and
30000 people are indirectly
dependent on fisheries activities.
More chances are there for
greater fisheries production and
employment generation.
Fisheries are not affected so
much because these are not lost
for all. Positions are changed.
partiall
y
affecte
d.
Agreed
with UFO
Agreed with
UFO
Agreed with UFO
Agreed
with
UFO
Infrastructure development and
electrification needed. (c) Fish
processing factory needed (d)
Departmental man power needs to
be increased (e) Union based
farmers training centre or
information centre needed, (g). Salt
tolerant rice variety need to be
developed.
Agreed
with UFO
IMMEDIATE : Re-excavation of river
and canal and strengthening of inter
river net working, (b). Home stead
Page | 53
Upazila
Nirbahi
Officer, Tala
Upazila,
Satkhira
Some farmers may be loser but
overall production is not
decreased. Farmers are doing the
business with their own
initiatives. More scopes are
existed for further development.
Mr. Md.
Abdul
Wadud,
District
Fisheries
Officer,
Satkhira;
Mr. Nirmal
Kumar
Ghose,
Assistant
Fisheries,
Satkhira
Sadar,
Satkhira
The Satkhira Sadar Upazila is
consisted with 14 unions along
with one Paurashav having a
population of 4,10,355. Total
water resources 8770 ha of which
shrimp area constitute 85% (7467
ha) and carp area 15% (1303 ha).
Among fish production, shrimp
and prawn represent 22% (2580
MT) of total production (11550
MT) while carp production is 78%
(8970 MT). Mainly carp and other
finfish dominating area. Salinity
ranges upto 10-12 PPT during the
peak seasons (May -June). Fish
requirement is 7488 MT whereas
production is 11564 MT showing
a surplus of 4076 MT annually.
Per hectare production rate of
prawn (golda) 400-500 kg/ha,
shrimp (bagda) 200-250 kg/ha
For carp
and golda
culture, no
incidence
of disease
has been
reported
but bagda
culture
prevalence
of white
spot
disease is
about only
20%. The
main
reason of
bagda
mortality
was due to
the
Feeds are
generally not
used in fish and
shrimp culture.
As such feeds
are not
available locally
but if required
they can have it
either from
Khulna or from
Jessore.
Medicines are
not available
because these
are not used.
Only a damage
report was
submitted to the
Department but no
assistance was
provided.
Alipur,
Dhuliho
r,
Daubha
nga,
Balli,
Labsha
and
Fingriare
severel
y
affecte
d while
Bashda
ha,
Pushkh
ali,
Baikali,
Buna,
Shibpur
Cultural
practice
is very
tradition
al.
Modern
culture
need to
be
introduc
ed,
level of the affected people need to
be raised through earth-filling, ©
Inputs for beginning of the business
is needed. MID TERM: Collateral
free loan be provided, (b). Training
both for Departmental staff and
farmer be intensified and continued
round the year. LONG TERM:
Infrastructure development of the
gher are needed along with
electrification, (b) Production
diversification with improved
technology be introduced, (d)
Departmental man power need to
be increased.
IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining
canals need to be re-excavated and
their connectivity with big river
needs to be established. (b). Gher
farming should be planned way, (c)
Gher dikes should be wider and
stronger, (d) Infrastructure
development is needed. (e) .
Collateral free loan and training
should be provided, (f). Alternative
income generating activities be
provided, (g). Fisheries input may be
provided. MID TERM: Training and
capacity building of the farmer (b).
Effective policy implementation, (c).
Production diversification &
introduction of modern cultural
technology. LONG TERM: River and
canal re-excavation on a regular
basis, (b). Infrastructure
development and electrification
Page | 54
while carp is 1500-2000 kg/ha
which are considered lowest in
the world. Fish fry/fingerling
production 49,00,000 while
requirement 2,65,12,980 showing
a shortage of 2,16,12,980. Water
logging remains 4-5 months
starting from July-August to
November-December. Some part
of Tetulia and Islamkathi is still
under water. Monosex Tilapia
culture has started in two unions
(Dhandia and Nagarghata). Crab
fettening program has also been
started in two unions (Khalil
Nagar and Khesra).There are six
rivers namely which are
completely silted up, no water
flow. Water exchange into the
ghers not possible. Water level of
the ghers very low, may be 1.52.5 feet only. Fish, shrimp and
prawn production is not
encouraging. Even then over all
fish production of the area is
increasing. Affected peoples
started their business
immediately after the damage.
They manage their money
through loans from bank, NGO
and selling their resources. About
8000 peoples are directly and
25000 people are indirectly
dependent on fisheries activities.
More chances are there for
greater fisheries production and
imbalance
of physicochemical
parameter
s of
pond/gher
water.
,
Homra,
Brahma
rajpur,
Agarda
dhi are
partiall
y
affecte
d.
needed. (c) Fish processing factory
needed (d) Departmental man
power needs to be increased (e)
Union based farmers training centre
or information centre needed.
Page | 55
Mr. Md.
Hadiuzzama
n, Upazila
Fisheries
Officer, Mr.
Md.
AlamgirKabi
r, Assistant
Fisheries
Officer and
Mr. Md.
AmanUllah,
Extension
Officer,
Keshabpur
Upazila,
Jessore.
employment generation.
The Upazila is consisted with 9
unions along with one Paurashav
having a population of 2,69,275.
Total water resources 7350 ha of
which prawn constitute 57%
(4203 ha), shrimp area 9% (664
ha) and carp area 34% (2483 ha).
Among fish production, prawn
represent 9% (610 MT), shrimp
2.5% (180 MT) and carp 88.5%
(6114 MT) of total production
(6904 MT). Mainly carp and other
finfish dominating area. Salinity is
not significant. Fish requirement
is 4816 MT whereas production is
6904 MT showing a surplus of
42088 MT annually. Per hectare
production rate of prawn (golda)
100-150 kg/ha, shrimp (bagda)
200-270 kg/ha while carp is 15002000 kg/ha which are considered
lowest in the world. Fish
fry/fingerling production is 273
Lakh while the requirement is
395 Lakh showing a shortage of
122 Lakh annually. Golda and
bagda PL are not produced here
but have a demand of 3.30 Lakh
and 1.45 lakh respectively. Water
logging remains 4-5 months
starting from July-August to
November-December. Monosex
Tilapia culture has started
showing a production of 30-35
kg/decimal. Fish, shrimp and
For carp
and golda
culture, no
incidence
of disease
has been
reported
but bagda
culture
prevalence
of white
spot
disease is
about only
20%. The
main
reason of
bagda
mortality
was due to
the
imbalance
of physicochemical
parameter
s of
pond/gher
water.
Limited feeds
are generally
used in fish
culture. But for
golda and
bagda culture
nothing is used.
Feeds are
available locally.
Medicines are
not available
because these
are not used.
Only a damage
report was
submitted to the
Department but no
assistance was
provided.
Bidhya
nandak
athi,
Shagar
Dari,
SufalaK
athi,
Gaurib
onaare
severel
y
affecte
d while
Trimohi
ni,
Pajia,
Mangal
kot,
Mazidp
ur gram
and
Keshab
pur are
partiall
y
affecte
d.
Very
tradition
al
technolo
gy had
been
used,
Modern
technolo
gy be
introduc
ed for
producti
on
intensific
ation.
IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining
canals need to be re-excavated and
their connectivity with big river
needs to be established. (b)
Bheribadharround the beel area
needed (c). Infrastructure
development is needed. (e) .
Collateral free loan and training
should be provided, (f). Alternative
income generating activities be
provided, (g). Fisheries input may be
provided. MID TERM: Training and
capacity building of the farmer (b).
Effective policy implementation, (c).
Production diversification &
introduction of modern cultural
technology, (d). Feed quality and
carp fingerling quality need to be
maintained. LONG TERM: River and
canal re-excavation on a regular
basis, (b). Infrastructure
development and electrification
needed. (c) Fish processing factory
needed (d) Departmental man
power needs to be increased (e)
Union based farmers training centre
or information centre needed.
Page | 56
Mr. H. M.
Badruzzama
n, Upazila
Fisheries
Officer,
Monirampur
, Jessore.
prawn production is increasing.
Affected peoples started their
business immediately after the
damage. They manage their
money through loans from bank,
NGO and selling their resources.
About 9575 peoples are directly
and 25000 people are indirectly
dependent on fisheries activities.
More chances are there for
greater fisheries production and
employment generation.
The Upazila is consisted with 16
unions along with one Paurashav
having a population of 4,43,661.
Total water resources15077 ha of
which prawn area 34% (5132 ha)
and carps constitute 66% (9945
ha). Among fisheries production,
prawn represent 37% (7200 MT)
of total production (19410 MT)
while carp production is 63%
(12210 MT). Mainly carp and
other finfish dominating area.
Fish requirement is 9068 MT
whereas production is 19410 MT
showing a surplus of 10342 MT
annually. Per hectare production
rate of prawn (golda) 400-500
kg/ha while carp is 20002500kg/ha which are considered
lowest in the world. Fish
fry/fingerling production 305
Lakh while requirement is 798
Lakh showing a shortage of 493
Lakh. Water logging remains 3-4
For carp
and golda
culture, no
incidence
of disease
has been
reported.
Limited feeds
are generally
used. Feeds are
available locally
but if required
more they can
have it either
from Khulna or
from Jessore.
Medicines are
not available
because these
are not used.
Only a damage
report was
submitted to the
Department but no
assistance was
provided.
Shanku
r,
Monoh
orpur,
Kultia,
Nehalp
ur,
Durbad
anga,
Horidas
khali,
Dhakuri
a,
Morshi
m
Nagar,
Japa,
Horihor
nagar
and
Chalua
hatiare
severel
Inbreedi
ng of
carp
fingerling
is going
to be a
real
threat
for
aquacult
ure.
IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining
canals need to be re-excavated and
their connectivity with big river
needs to be established. (b)
Bheribadharround the beel area
needed (c). Infrastructure
development is needed. (e) .
Collateral free loan and training
should be provided, (f). Alternative
income generating activities be
provided, (g). Fisheries input may be
provided. MID TERM: Training and
capacity building of the farmer (b).
Effective policy implementation, (c).
Production diversification &
introduction of modern cultural
technology, (d). Feed quality and
carp fingerling quality need to be
maintained, (e). Fish sanctuary
establishment and water control
structure, (f) Fish regulation
implementation. LONG TERM: River
and canal re-excavation on a regular
basis, (b). Infrastructure
Page | 57
Mr.
MdZillurRah
man, UNO,
Monirampur
, Jessore.
months starting from July-August
to November-December.
Adjoining rivers and canal have
been silted up. Monosex Tilapia
culture has started showing a
production of 4-5 MT/ ha.
Affected peoples started their
business immediately after the
damage. They manage their
money through loans from bank,
NGO and selling their resources.
About 65000 peoples are
dependent on fisheries activities.
More chances are there for
greater fisheries production and
employment generation.
The Upazila is blessed with
enormous aquatic resources
having surplus fish production.
The extend of beel areas
represent an unique potentiality
to boost up fisheries production.
But the current culture practice is
not scientific. Water logging is a
real threat to the people but not
so much harmful for fisheries
production. Simply the ownership
may be changed. Attempts are
very much warranted for
production intensification and
diversification. All the adjoining
rivers have been silted up. The
activities of BWDB is not know.
Prevalence
of fish
disease
has not
been
found
For carp and
golda culture
limited amount
of feeds are
used but all
feed staff is
locally available.
Nothing significant
provided from the
Department.
y
affecte
d while
rohita,
Kashim
Nagar,
Rosegat
i,
Khedep
ara,
Kolanp
ur are
partiall
y
affecte
d.
Shanku
r,
Monoh
orpur,
Kultia,
Nehalp
ur,
Durbad
anga,
Horidas
khali,
Dhakuri
a,
Morshi
m
Nagar,
Japa,
Horihor
nagara
nd
development and electrification
needed. (c) Fish processing factory
needed (d) Departmental man
power needs to be increased (e)
Union based farmers training centre
or information centre needed. (f).
Fisheries insurance be introduced.
IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining
canals need to be re-excavated and
their connectivity with big river
needs to be established. (b)
Bheribadharround the beel area
needed (c). Infrastructure
development is needed. (e) .
Collateral free loan and training
should be provided, (f). Alternative
income generating activities be
provided, (g). Fisheries input may be
provided. MID TERM: Training and
capacity building of the farmer (b).
Production diversification &
introduction of modern cultural
technology, (c). Fish sanctuary
establishment and water control
structure, LONG TERM: River and
canal re-excavation on a regular
basis, (b). Infrastructure
Page | 58
Mr. Md.
Ramjan Ali,
DFO,
Jessore; Mr.
Md.
MizanurRah
man, Project
Director,
Bhabodah
Project; Mr.
BishwajitBai
ragi, Senior
Upazila
Fisheries
Officer,
Jessore
Jessore district is blessed with
enormous water resources
thereby producing sufficient
amount of fishes. The district has
a surplus of fish production. It is
also blessed with numerous beel
and baor areas wherein fisheries
production can be increased
manifolds. Though the district
has a surplus of fish production
even the per hectare production
is far below the standard rate.
Water logging creates a great
havoc to the people in general
but plays a positive role for
increased fisheries production.
For carp
and golda
culture, no
incidence
of disease
has been
reported
but bagda
culture
prevalence
of white
spot
disease is
about only
20%. The
main
Limited feeds
are generally
used. Feeds are
available locally
but if required
more they can
have it either
from Khulna or
from Jessore.
Medicines are
not available
because these
are not used.
Only a damage
report was
submitted to the
Department but no
assistance was
provided.
Chalua
hatiare
severel
y
affecte
d while
rohita,
Kashim
Nagar,
Rosegat
i,
Khedep
ara,
Kolanp
ur are
partiall
y
affecte
d.
Agreed
with
UFOs.
development and electrification
needed. (c) Fish processing factory
needed (d) Departmental man
power needs to be increased (e)
Union based farmers training centre
or information centre needed.
Inbreedi
ng of
carp
fingerling
is going
to be a
real
threat
for
aquacult
ure.
IMMEDIATE: River and adjoining
canals need to be re-excavated and
their connectivity with big river
needs to be established. (b)
Bheribadharround the beel area
needed, (c). Infrastructure
development is needed. (e) .
Collateral free loan and training
should be provided, (f). Alternative
income generating activities be
provided, (g). Fisheries input may be
provided, (h). homestead level be
raised through earth filling.. MID
TERM: Training and capacity
building of the farmer (b). Effective
policy implementation, (c).
Page | 59
Sadar
Upazila,
Jessore.
The affected farmers start their
cultural activities even after the
damage. They arrange the money
through borrowing from bank,
NGOs and sometimes from the
money lenders. We have great
potentialities for increased
fisheries production and
employment generation.
reason of
bagda
mortality
was due to
the
imbalance
of physicochemical
parameter
s of
pond/gher
water.
Production diversification &
introduction of modern cultural
technology, (d). Feed quality and
carp fingerling quality need to be
maintained, (e). Fish sanctuary
establishment and water control
structure, (f) Fish regulation
implementation. LONG TERM: River
and canal re-excavation on a regular
basis, (b). Infrastructure
development and electrification
needed. (c) Fish processing factory
needed (d) Departmental man
power needs to be increased (e)
Union based farmers training centre
or information centre needed. (f).
Fisheries insurance be introduced.
Page | 60
Factsheets on Rehabilitation Activities by Agencies
Satkhira Flooding and Water Logging: Overview of WFP Emergency Assistance
1. Information at a glance :
a) First Phase: Emergency Relief Food and Cash Distributions, August 2011-Feb 2012
Beneficiaries
Assisted:
a) Immediate Relief (ready-to-eat food, i.e. fortified Biscuits) : 35,000 families
b) General Food and Cash Distribution: 30,000 families (~120,000 beneficiaries),
c) Supplementary Feeding ( 9840 children 6-59 months, 2467 pregnant
and lactating women): 12,307 beneficiaries
Relief Food and Cash
Distributions:
a)
Duration of
Assistance:
August 2011-Feb 2012
Immediate Relief, 18-30 August 2011: 3 kg of biscuits (40 packets)/family
General Food and Cash Distributions (4 months):
b) 1st month distribution, 04 Oct- 30 Oct 2011: 40 kg rice & 3 kg pulses/ family (@260g rice & 20 g pulses/person/day)
c) 2nd month distribution, 17 Nov-23 Dec 2011: 40 kg rice & 3 kg pulses & 4 litre veg. oil/family
(veg. oil was complemented by Care)
d) 3rd month distribution, 21 Dec-15 Jan 2012: 15 kg rice & BDT 1000/family
e) 4th month distribution, 2 Feb- 15 Feb 2012: BDT 1500/family
Supplementary Feeding (Distribution of fortified blended food (5 months):
f) Oct 2011 - Feb 2012: 6 kg per beneficiary/month (@200g/beneficiary/day)
Immediate Relief : 1 week
General Food and Cash Distribution: 4 months
Supplementary Feeding : 5 months
Operational Area
Satkhira district: Satkhira Sadar , Tala , Assasuni , Debhata & Kalaroa upazilas,
Jessore district: Keshabpur upazila
Page | 61
Implementing NGOs
Shushilan ( for Satkhira Sadar, Tala, Assasuni, Debhata upazilas),
MuslimAid (for Kalaroa, Keshabpur upazilas)
Funding
b)
ECHO: Euro 1.5 million, DFID : US$670,900, Aus Aid : 105 MT HEB, WFP
: 450 MT rice and US$ 0.4 million
Second Phase: Recovery Assistance, March-Dec 2012
Beneficiaries
Targeted
Duration of
Assistance:
Operational Area
Implementing
partner/NGO
a)
b)
c)
d)
Cash-for-work : 9600 HHs
Cash-for-training : 3000 HHs
Blanket supplementary feeding : 17,500 (up to April) and 24713 in May
Targeted supplementary feeding : 14,200 (to be selected through screening process)
March – Dec 2012
a) Cash-for-work : 60 days work during March – June 2012
b) Cash-for-training : March – June and July – December 2012
c) Blanket supplementary feeding: Three months distribution during March – May/June 2012.
d) Targeted supplementary feeding (CMAM) : will start from May/June 2012
Satkhira and Jessore district:
a) Cash-for-Work and Cash-for-training: Satkhira Sadar upazila
b) Blanket Supplementary Feeding: Satkhira sadar, Tala, Assasuni, Debhata, and Kalaroa
upazilas of Satkhira district and Keshabpur upazila of Jessore district
c) Targeted supplementary Feeding - Satkhira sadar, Tala, Assasuni and Debhata upazilas of
Satkhira district.
Shushilan (for Cash-for-work/training and Blanket supplementary feeding)
ACF ( for targeted supplementary feeding)
ECHO : Euro 3 million (approx.)
Funding
a) Food Security (Cash-for-work and cash-for- training) : Euro 2 million
b) Nutrition component : Euro 1 million
Page | 62
Organization
Funded by*
Support so far**
Start time
End Time
Upazila
Unions
CWW
UKaid
FRESH (shelter)
01/02/12
31/1/13
Keshobpur
Biddyanondokati
Manirampur
…
Sagordari
297
Sufolakati
141
Jhapa
143
Monoharpur
Mushim Nagor
Total
2 upazilla
Number of HH
covered
603
6 union
Organization
Funded by*
Support so far**
Start time
End Time
Upazila
Unions
Shushilan
ECHO
CFW
01/01/12
30/6/12
Satkhira sadar
Shushilan
ECHO
CFT
01/01/12
30/06/12
Satkhira Sadar
Labsha
Baikeri
Dulihor
Fingri
Municipality
Brommyorajpur
Bally
Zaudanga
Labsha
Baikeri
Dulihor
Fingri
88
131
1403
Number of HH
covered
1760
1093
1110
750
1272
695
1090
1830
640
107
170
100
Page | 63
Organization
Funded by*
Support so far**
Start time
End Time
Upazila
Unions
Municipality
Brommyorajpur
Bally
Zaudanga
Baikeri
Shushilan
Shushilan
Shushilan
Shushilan
ECHO
UK Aid
UK Aid
UK Aid
WSB
FRESH (shelter)
FRESH (shelter)
FRESH (shelter)
Ist Feb/12
Ist Feb/12
Ist Feb/12
31 st Jan /13
31 st Jan /13
31 st Jan /13
Tasla
Satkhira
Satkhira
Islam khati
Baikeri
Dulihor
Organization
Funded by*
Support so far**
Start time
End Time
Upazila
Unions
Concern
Worldwide
Concern
Worldwide
Dry Food Distribution
01/06/09
30/06/09
Koyra and
Shyamnagor
Concern
Worldwide
Irish Aid
Food Relief
14/06/09
30/07/09
Koyra and
Shyamnagor
Concern
Worldwide
JOA
Food relief
14/06/09
30/07/09
Koyra and
Shyamnagor
Uttar Bedkashi,
Atulia’
Burigoalani,
Munshigonj,
Ishwaripur,
Ramjannagor
Kashimari
Maharajpur
Padmapukur,
Gabura
Uttar Bedkashi,
Padmapukur,
Gabura
Burigoalani
Uttar Bedkashi,
Kora Sador,
Padmapukur,
Gabura
Number of HH
covered
928
155
300
570
109
7297
950
297
464
Number of HH
covered
9000
4450
3780
Page | 64
Organization
Funded by*
Support so far**
Start time
End Time
Upazila
Unions
Concern
Worldwide
ECHO and
Concern
Worldwide
Complete Shelter
Shelter repairing
DTW
Household latrines
Emergency latrines
CFW
1/7/09
31/12/09
Koyra and
Shyamnagor
Uttar Bedkashi,
Kora Sador,
Padmapukur,
25/08/2009
24/10/2009
Assasuni,
Shyamnagar
and Koyra
Gabura
Maharajpur
Padmapukur
Uttarbedkasi
Koyra Sadar
Protapnagar
20/12/09
20/03/2010
Assasuni,
Shyamnagar
and Koyra
15/01/10
14/4/11
Concern
Worldwide
UNICEF and
Concern
Worldwide
Concern
Worldwide
UNICEF and
Concern
Worldwide
Concern
Worldwide
ECHO
Blanket distribution
DTW
DTW repair
Construction of PSF
PSF Repair
Pond cleaning
Emergency Latrines
Rain Water Collection
NFI Distribution
DTW
Bathroom construction
Emergency Latrines
Emergency Latrines Repair
Latrine dislodging
NFI Distribution
Shelter repair
Shelter construction
CFW
Fishing boat & net
Nursery establishment
Cash For Training
Emergency Latrines
Gabura
Maharajpur
Padmapukur
Uttarbedkasi
Koyra Sadar
Protapnagar
Baghali, Uttar
Bedkashi and
Padmapukur
Number of HH
covered
524
1638
31
524
20
1400 for 50
days
3562
18
5
4
21
21
231
80
2100
25
24
300
250
200
2000
450
275
2622 for 65
days
60
4
600
110
Page | 65
Organization
Concern
Worldwide
Funded by*
Support so far**
Start time
End Time
ECHO
Pond rehabilitation
Hygiene kit & promotion
DTW
PSF construction
Sanitary Latrine
Mass awareness raising
through picture drama
CFW
01/09/2011
01/10/10
Upazila
Unions
Number of HH
covered
6
2052
19
9
1425
9 performance
28/02/2012
Paadmapukur and
Gabura
1/09/2011
Padmapukur,
Gabura under
shyamnagor
Upazilla and
Assasuni Sadaor,
8901 for 52
days
8901 on four
topics
9
74
CFT
Concern
Worldwide
Concern
Worldwide
UNICEF and
Concern
Worldwide
ECHO
(2nd Phase)
DTW Installation
Installation of Rain Water
Harvesting (3200 liter)
Water trucking
Water container distribution
latrine construction (HH
level)
latrine repair and dislodging
Hygiene kit distribution
Pot song for the community
Health session
Water supply at schools Rain Water Harvesting
(25,000lt)
Sanitation facilities and
Urinals at school
CFW
1020
3400
220
170
3400
19
performance
50
5
10
1/2/12
30/6/12
Keshobpur
Sagordari,
Bidanandokati,
2874
Page | 66
Organization
Funded by*
Support so far**
Start time
End Time
Upazila
CFT
1/2/12
30/6/12
Keshobpur
Concern
Worldwide
UK Aid
Shelter construction
1/2/12
31/1/13
Keshobpur and
Monirampur
Concern
Worldwide
ECHO
CFW
1/9/11
31/1/12
Keshobpur
CFT
Keshobpur
Household latrines
Keshobpur
DTW installation
Keshobpur
DTW rehabilitation
Keshobpur
Hygiene kit distribution and
sensitization
Shelter repairing
Keshobpur
NFI Winter kit
Keshobpur
Keshobpur
Unions
Shufalakathi
Sagordari,
Bidanandokati,
Shufalakathi
Sagordari,
Bidanandokati,
Shufalakathi,
Jhanpa,
Monohorpur,
Maswimnagar
Sagordari,
Bidanandokati
Sagordari,
Bidanandokati
Sagordari,
Bidanandokati
Sagordari,
Bidanandokati
Sagordari,
Bidanandokati
Sagordari,
Bidanandokati
Sagordari,
Bidanandokati
Sagordari,
Bidanandokati
Number of HH
covered
2874
1403
2700
1018
450
420
300
2700
450
2700
Page | 67
Organization
Funded by*
Support so far**
Start time
End Time
Upazila
Unions
Save the
Children
ECHO
CFW – 1st Phase
01/09/11
29/02/12
Tala
01/09/11
29/02/12
Tala
01/09/11
29/02/12
Tala
01/09/11
29/02/12
Tala
01/09/11
29/02/12
Tala
Tala Sadar
Tetulia
Islamkathi
Nagarghata
Khesra
Kumira
Tala Sadar
Tetulia
Islamkathi
Nagarghata
Khesra
Kumira
Tala Sadar
Tetulia
Islamkathi
Nagarghata
Khesra
Kumira
Tala Sadar
Tetulia
Islamkathi
Nagarghata
Khesra
Kumira
Tala Sadar
Tetulia
Islamkathi
Nagarghata
Khesra
Kumira
1100 HH
Save the
Children
ECHO
CFT – 1st Phase
750 HH
Save the
Children
ECHO
HH Latrine – 1st Phase
403 HH
Save the
Children
ECHO
Installation of DTW – 1st phase
40 DTW
Save the
Children
ECHO
Hygiene kit & Sensitization –
1st Phase
4200 HH
Number of HH
covered
0
152
205
571
172
0
114
286
100
150
0
100
54
75
103
49
51
71
5
7
3
12
2
11
571
1429
400
800
500
500
Page | 68
Organization
Funded by*
Support so far**
Start time
End Time
Upazila
Unions
Save the
Children
ECHO
Repairing Shelter- 1 st phase
01/09/11
29/02/12
Tala
01/09/11
29/02/12
Tala
Tala Sadar
Tetulia
Islamkathi
Nagarghata
Khesra
Kumira
Tala Sadar
Tetulia
Islamkathi
Nagarghata
Khesra
Kumira
Kulia
Nowapara
Parulia
Kulia
Nowapara
Parulia
Kulia
Nowapara
Parulia
Number of HH
covered
16
115
23
0
0
0
571
1429
400
800
500
500
120
50
150
53
0
19
5
3
2
Kulia
Nowapara
Parulia
Kulia
Nowapara
Parulia
Kulia
Nowapara
Parulia
500
600
400
40
0
16
500
600
400
154 HH
Save the
Children
ECHO
NFI: Winter kit – 1st phase
4200 HH
Save the
Children
ECHO
CFT – 1st Phase
01/09/11
29/02/12
Debhata
Save the
Children
ECHO
350 HH
HH Latrine – 1st Phase
72 HH
01/09/11
29/02/12
Debhata
Save the
Children
ECHO
Installation of DTW – 1st phase
10 HH
01/09/11
29/02/12
Debhata
Save the
Children
ECHO
01/09/11
29/02/12
Debhata
Save the
Children
ECHO
Hygiene kit & Sensitization –
1st Phase
1500 HH
Repairing Shelter- 1st phase
01/09/11
29/02/12
Debhata
ECHO
56 HH
NFI: Winter kit – 1st phase
01/09/11
29/02/12
Debhata
Save the
Children
Page | 69
Organization
Funded by*
Support so far**
Start time
End Time
Upazila
Unions
Save the
Children
ECHO
CFW – 2nd Phase
01/03/12
31/07/12
Tala
01/03/12
31/07/12
Tala
Tala Sadar
Tetulia
Islamkathi
Khesra
Nagarghata
Tala Sadar
Tetulia
Islamkathi
Khesra
Nagarghata
3770 HH
Save the
Children
ECHO
CFT – 2nd Phase
3770 HH
Save the
Children
Organization
CBHA
NFI and Shelter Kits
15/08/11
31/08/11
Tala
DANIDA
Establish Child friendly spaces
(25 CFS)
01/09/11
15/01/12
Tala
Children
Emergency Fund
CFW
01/10/11
31/01/12
Tala
Cash Donation
01/10/11
31/01/12
Tala
WATSAN support to Primary
school
01/10/11
31/01/12
Tala
Education materials support
to children
01/10/11
31/01/12
Tala
Funded by*
Support so far**
Start time
End Time
Upazila
Tala sadar
Tetulia
Islam Kati
Tala sadar
Tetulia
Islam Kati
Tala sadar
Tetulia
Islam Kati
Tala sadar
Tetulia
Islam Kati
Tala sadar
Tetulia
Islam Kati
Tala sadar
Tetulia
Islam Kati
Unions
Number of HH
covered
518
1092
1075
610
475
518
1092
1075
610
475
600
400
220
50
400
175
25
125
50
25
140
75
2
5
3
50
400
175
Number of HH
covered
Page | 70
Muslim Aid
ECHO
CFW
01/02/12
30/06/12
Tala
Tala Sadar
1150
Assasuni
Shovnali
750
Kadakati
600
Kullah
430
Dargapur
110
Parulia
420
Kulia
1865
Nayapara
275
Tala
Tala Sadar
1150
Assasuni
Shovnali
750
Kadakati
600
Kullah
430
Dargapur
110
Parulia
420
Kulia
1865
Nayapara
275
Debhata
CFT
01/02/12
30/06/12
Debhata
Organization
Funded by*
Support so far**
Start time
End Time
Upazila
Unions
Muslim Aid led
Consortium
(Christian Aid, Dan
Church Aid
ECHO
Cash for Work(CFW) & Cash
for Training(CFT) under
“Recovery Support to the
flood affected and
01/02/12
01/06/12
Tala
Khalish Khali
Khesra
Khalil Nagar
Dhandia
Number of HH
covered
1150
1150
850
1610
Page | 71
Organization
Funded by*
&Muslim Aid)
Support so far**
Start time
End Time
Upazila
Unions
continually water Logged
families of south west
Bangladesh” - 2nd Phase
Water Logged Project.
Kalaroa
Debhata
Ashashuni
Muslim Aid led
Consortium
(Christian Aid, Dan
Church Aid &
Muslim Aid)
ECHO
Integrated
relief
assistance to the most
vulnerable HHs hit by the
2011
monsoon
in
Bangladesh”-1st
Phase
Water Logged Project.
-Emergency Shelter Kits:
1500
-Transitional Shelter :200
-Latrine:1500
-Cash For Work(CFW):5000
- Cash for Training(CFT):2000
- TW Renovation: 200
- Water Container: 10000
-NFI(WASH +Winter kit+
Water Tank ):10000
01/09/12
31/01/12
Tala
Satkhira Sadar
2
Number of HH
covered
Sorulia
Kumira
Nagarghata
Tala Sadar
Deawara
Parulia
Kulia
Nayapara
Shovnali
Kadakati
Khullah
Dargapur
650
740
650
1150
1220
420
1865
275
750
600
430
110
13620
Tala
Islamkathi
Khesra
Khalishkhali
Dhandia
Tala
Jhawdanga
Labsha
1750
1300
1270
730
1500
1750
1700
1750
7
10000
Page | 72
Organization
Funded by*
Support so far**
Start time
End Time
ActionAid
Bangladesh
ECHO
(Under NARRI
consortium)
CFW
01/01/12
11/06/12
Tala
ActionAid
Bangladesh
ECHO
(Under NARRI
consortium)
CFT
FRESH (shelter)
01/01/12
20/06/12
Tala
ActionAid
Bangladesh
DFID
(Under NARRI
consortium)
FRESH (shelter)
01/02/2012
31/01/2013
Tala
Organization
Funded
by*
ECHO
Muslim Aid led
Consortium
(Christian Aid, Dan
Church Aid &
Muslim Aid)
Upazila
Unions
Tala sadar
Islamkathi
Tetulia
Kumira
Magura
Tala sadar
Islamkathi
Tetulia
Kumira
Magura
Kumira
Magura
Khalishkhali
Support so far**
Start time
End Time
Upazila
Unions
Integrated relief assistance to the most
vulnerable HHs hit by the 2011 monsoon
in Bangladesh”-1st Phase Water Logged
Project.
01/09/12
31/01/12
Tala
Tala
Islamkathi
Khesra
Khalishkhali
Dhandia
Tala
Jhawdanga
Labsha
-Emergency Shelter Kits: 1500
-Transitional Shelter :200
-Latrine:1500
-Cash For Work(CFW):5000
- Cash for Training(CFT):2000
- TW Renovation: 200
Satkhira
Sadar
2
Number of HH
covered
600
500
500
900
600
600
500
500
900
600
457
426
959
Number of HH
covered
7
1750
1300
1270
730
1500
1750
1700
1750
10000
Page | 73
- Water Container: 10000
-NFI(WASH +Winter kit+ Water Tank ):10000
Organization
Funded by*
Support so far**
Start time
End Time
Upazila
Unions
DCA (DSK is
implementing
partner)
DG ECHO & Civil
Protection.
CFW
01/02/12
30/04/12
Tala
DCA (DSK is
implementing
partner)
DCA (DSK is
implementing
partner)
DG ECHO & Civil
Protection.
CFW
01/02/12
30/04/12
Kolaroa
Dhandia
Sarulia
Nagarghata
Kumira
Deara
Number of HH
covered
1610
650
650
740
1220
DG ECHO & Civil
Protection.
CFT
01/05/12
30/06/12
Tala
DCA (DSK is
implementing
partner)
DG ECHO & Civil
Protection.
CFT
01/05/12
30/06/12
Kolaroa
Dhandia
Sarulia
Nagarghata
Kumira
Deara
1610
650
650
740
1220
Organization
ACF
Funded by*
ECHO
Support so far**
Cash for training
Start time
End Time
15/09/2012
15/03/2012
Upazila
Debhata
Unions
Kulia
Number of HH
covered
1239
Page | 74
Organization
Funded by*
Support so far**
Start time
End Time
Upazila
Unions
Number of HH
covered
Shovnali
717
Kadakathi
546
Kulla
391
Assasuni
Debhata
ACF
ECHO
Unconditional
Cash Grant
15/09/2012
15/03/2012
Cash for work
15/09/2012
ECHO
91
Kulia
53
Shovnali
74
Kadakathi
49
Kulla
62
Dorgapur
20
Assasuni
Debhata
ACF
Dorgapur
15/03/2012
Kulia
507
Shovnali
354
Kadakathi
321
Kulla
220
Assasuni
Dorgapur
ACF
ECHO
Emergency
15/09/2012
15/03/2012
Debhata
Kulia
63
9 sets
Page | 75
Organization
Funded by*
Support so far**
Start time
End Time
Upazila
latrines
Unions
Number of HH
covered
Shovnali
5 sets
Kadakathi
5 sets
Kulla
1 set
Dorgapur
0 set
Assasuni
Debhata
ACF
ECHO
Household
Latrines
15/09/2012
15/03/2012
ACF
ECHO
ECHO
Community
latrines
Tube well
167
Shovnali
47
Kadakathi
79
Assasuni
Debhata
ACF
Kulia
15/09/2012
15/03/2012
Kulla
3
Dorgapur
4
Kulia
5 Sets
Shovnali
6 Sets
Kadakathi
5 Sets
Kulla
8 Sets
Dorgapur
1 Set
Kulia
24 tube well
Assasuni
15/09/2012
15/03/2012
Debhata
Page | 76
Organization
Funded by*
Support so far**
Start time
End Time
Upazila
rehabilitation
Unions
Number of HH
covered
Shovnali
19 tube well
Kadakathi
4 tube well
Kulla
3 tube well
Dorgapur
0 tube well
Assasuni
Debhata
ACF
ECHO
Water purification
Kits
15/09/2012
15/03/2012
Kulia
0
Shovnali
0
Kadakathi
334
Kulla
216
Assasuni
Dorgapur
Debhata
ACF
ACF
ECHO
ECHO
Hygiene kits
15/09/2012
15/03/2012
0
Kulia
1817
Shovnali
1096
Kadakathi
886
Kulla
633
Dorgapur
162
Assasuni
Hygiene
15/09/2012
15/03/2012
Debhata
Kulia
1794
Page | 77
Organization
Funded by*
Support so far**
Start time
End Time
Upazila
promotion
sessions
Unions
Number of HH
covered
Shovnali
1617
Kadakathi
1386
Kulla
1036
Assasuni
Dorgapur
Debhata
ACF
ECHO
Winter kits
15/09/2012
15/03/2012
Kulia
79
Shovnali
45
Kadakathi
44
Kulla
28
Assasuni
Dorgapur
Debhata
Winter kits
ACF
ACF
ECHO
ECHO
118
20/12/2011
20/02/2011
Kulia
4
1130
Shovnali
842
Kadakathi
776
Kulla
473
Dorgapur
129
Kulia
102
Assasuni
Shelter
15/09/2012
15/03/2012
Debhata
Page | 78
Organization
Funded by*
Support so far**
Start time
End Time
Upazila
Rehabilitation
/construction
Unions
Number of HH
covered
Shovnali
45
Kadakathi
45
Assasuni
Debhata
ACF
ECHO
Shelter Kits
15/09/2012
15/03/2012
Kulla
3
Dorgapur
5
Kulia
503
Shovnali
159
Kadakathi
162
Kulla
160
Assasuni
Dorgapur
Organization
Funded by*
Support so far**
Start time
End Time
Upazila
Unions
Concern
Universal (CU)
Cordaid
Emergency Food
packages
01/10/2011
31/10/2011
Tala
Jalal Nagar
Khalil Nagar
Khesra
Tala Sadar
Durgapur
Per House hold (HH) support –
Rice-10 kg
Potato-2 kg
Asasuni
16
Number of HH
covered
180
180
180
180
180
Implementing
partner NGO
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
Page | 79
Musuri dal-2 kg
Onion-1 kg
Salt-1 kg
Soyabin oil-1 kg
Sugar-1 kg
Suji-1 kg,
Body soap-1 piece
Soap(wash)-1 piece
Fire lighter -1 piece
Concern
Universal (CU)
Cordaid
Installation of Tube
wells
Kaligonj
Debhata
01/11/2011
29/02/2012
100 community based tube
wells installed, 10 in each
union, Approximately 10
households is benefiting
from each tube well.
Concern
Universal (CU)
Cordaid
Installation of Sanitary
Latrines
Tala
Asasuni
01/11/2011
29/02/2012
Total 500 households
based latrines installed
Kaligonj
Debhata
Paikgacha
(Khulna)
Monirampur
(Jessore)
Tala
Asasuni
Kaligonj
Debhata
Paikgacha
(Khulna)
Concern
Universal (CU)
Cordaid
Construction of new
houses
01/11/2011
29/02/2012
Monirampur
(Jessore)
Tala
Asasuni Sadar
Nalta
Parulia
Kulia
Nawapara
180
180
180
180
180
Ashroy Foundation
Jalal Nagar
Khalil Nagar
Khesra
Durgapur
Asasuni Sadar
Nalta
Parulia
Haridhali
Kapilmuni
Mosimnagar
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Ashroy Foundation
Jalal Nagar
Khalil Nagar
Khesra
Durgapur
Asasuni Sadar
Nalta
Parulia
Haridhali
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
Ashroy Foundation
Kapilmuni
Mosimnagar
50
50
Ashroy Foundation
Jalal Nagar
Khalil Nagar
Khesra
10
10
10
Ashroy Foundation
MJF, Satkhira
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
MJF, Satkhira
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
MJF, Satkhira
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
DRO, Jessore
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
MJF, Satkhira
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
DRO, Jessore
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
Page | 80
Total 100 new houses
constructed
Asasuni
Kaligonj
Debhata
Paikgacha
(Khulna)
Concern
Universal (CU)
Cordaid
Repair of damaged
houses
01/11/2011
29/02/2012
Total 200 damaged houses
repaired
Monirampur
(Jessore)
Tala
Asasuni
Kaligonj
Debhata
Paikgacha
(Khulna)
Concern
Universal (CU)
Cordaid
Distribution of winter
vegetable seeds
Total 3,000 packets of
winter vegetable seeds
distributed
01/11/2011
29/02/2012
Monirampur
(Jessore)
Tala
Asasuni
Kaligonj
Debhata
Paikgacha
(Khulna)
Monirampur
Durgapur
Asasuni Sadar
Nalta
Parulia
Haridhali
10
10
10
10
10
Ashroy Foundation
Kapilmuni
Mosimnagar
10
10
Ashroy Foundation
Jalal Nagar
Khalil Nagar
Khesra
Durgapur
Asasuni Sadar
Nalta
Parulia
Haridhali
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Ashroy Foundation
Kapilmuni
Mosimnagar
20
20
Ashroy Foundation
Jalal Nagar
Khalil Nagar
Khesra
Durgapur
Asasuni Sadar
Nalta
Parulia
Haridhali
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
Ashroy Foundation
Kapilmuni
Mosimnagar
300
300
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
MJF, Satkhira
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
DRO, Jessore
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
MJF, Satkhira
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
DRO, Jessore
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
MJF, Satkhira
Ashroy Foundation
Ashroy Foundation
DRO, Jessore
Page | 81
(Jessore)
Organization
SI
Funded by*
ECHO (Phase - 1)
Support so
far**
CFW
Start time
01/01/12
End Time
01/03/12
Upazila
Tala
Unions
Jalalpur
Kshesra
Khalishkhalli
Magura
Total
SI
ECHO (Phase - 1)
CFT
Funded by*
Support so
far**
01/01/12
01/03/12
Tala
Jalalpur
Kshesra
Khalishkhalli
Magura
Total
Organization
SI
ECHO (Phase - 2)
Ongoing
CFW
Start time
01/02/12
End Time
30/06/12
Upazila
Unions
Tala
Jalalpur
Kshesra
Khalishkhalli
Magura
Tala
Jalalpur
Kshesra
Khalishkhalli
Magura
Total
SI
ECHO (Phase - 2)
Ongoing
CFT
01/02/12
30/06/12
Total
Organization
Funded by*
Support so far**
Start time
End Time
Upazila
SI
DFID
SHELTER +
01/02/12
01/31/12
Tala
Unions
Jalalpur
Number of HH
covered
1190
818
524
429
2961
388
164
146
122
820
Number of HH
covered
1291
912
1011
655
3869
1291
912
1011
655
3869
Number of HH
covered
979
Page | 82
Ongoing
Latrine
Kshesra
Surulia
Dhandia
Tala
Kumira
322
99
92
179
202
Total 1873
Islamic Relief
District
Satkhira
SL
1
Activity
Cash for Training
Cash distribute
Upazilla
Sadar
Total target
Union
Labsha
Balli
Balli
850 family
Target
425 Family
Achievement
425 Family
2550000 BDT
1275000BDT
1275000BDT
Labsha
Target
425 Family
Total Achievement
1275000BDT
Achievement
425 Family
850 Family
1275000BDT
25500000 BDT
2
Hygiene kit distribution
1800 family
900 Family
3
Cash for Work
750 family
375 Family
375 Family
375 Family
375 Family
750 Family
4
Provision of HH Latrines
70 family
35 Family
35 Family
35 Family
35 Family
70 Family
5
5 nos
0
0
5
5
5 Complete
6
Deep tube well
installation
Tube well repairing
6 nos
0
0
6
6
6 Complete
7
Shelter construction
70 family
35 Family
35 Family
35 Family
35 Family
70 Family
8
Shelter repairing
60 family
30 Family
30 Family
30 Family
60 Family
900 Family
30 Family
900 Family
900 Family
1800 Family
Page | 83
9
Winter kit distribution
1800 Family
900 Family
900 Family
900 Family
900 Family
1800 Family
Organization
Funded by*
Support so far**
Start time
End Time
Upazila
Unions
Islamic Relief Worldwide
Bangladesh
ECHO
CFW
01/02/12
03/06/12
Monirampur
Monoharpur
8/5/2012
01/02/2012
8/5/2012
1/02/2012
8/5/2012
10/6/2012
7/6/2012
10/6/12
7/6/2012
12/6/2012
DFID
CFT
CFW
CFT
CFW
CFT
Total
FRESH (shelter)
01-02-12
01-02-12
01-02-12
01-02-12
01-02-12
01-02-12
31-01-13
31-01-13
31-01-13
31-01-13
31-01-13
31-01-13
Islamic Relief Worldwide
Bangladesh
Total
Keshobpur
Keshobpur
Satkhira ( S )
Satkhira ( S )
Satkhira ( S )
Satkhira ( S )
Satkhira ( S )
Debhata
Monoharpur
Biddanandankati
Biddanandankati
Sagardari
Sagordari
Jhaudanga
Balli
Labsha
Brahmmarajpur
Fingri
Kulia
Number of HH
covered
1127
713
500
2340
120
555
480
276
292
383
2106
Page | 84
Beneficiary Distribution-FRESH project
District
INGO
PNGO
Upazilla
Debhata
IRW
Operational
(selfSatkhira
implementation) sadar
Samadhan
Tala
Sushilan
Tala
Satkhira
sadar
Care
Satkhira
Kulia
Balli, Lebsha,
Zhaudanga,
Fingri,
Brahmarajpur,
Nagarghata,
Khalilnagar
Islamkati
Dhulihar , Baikari
Operational
(selfTala
implementation)
Jalalpur, Keshra,
Sarulia
AAB
Dalit
Bhumija
Foundation
Tala
Kumira ,
Khalishakhali
and Magura
OGB
Banchte Sekha
Tala
Tala Sadar,
Tentulia,
Dhandia
SI
CWW
Jessore
Working
Unions (As
per PP)
Samadhan
Monoharpur
Jhapa,
Monirampur
Moshimnagar,
Monohorpur
Sagardari,
Keshobpur
biddanandakati,
Sufalakati
Working
Unions
(revised and
final)
Beneficiary per
union
Kulia
Brammarajpur
Zhawdanga
Fringri
Balli
Labsha
Total (a)
Nagarghata
khalilnagar
Islamkathi
Dulihar
baikari
Total (b)
Jalalpur
tala
kumira
Keshra
dhandia
Sarulia
Total (c)
Kumira
Khalishakhali
Magura
Total (d)
Tetulia
383
276
120
292
555
480
2106
374
697
950
464
297
2782
980
179
212
311
92
99
1873
457
959
426
1842
603
Tala szadar (4, 7)
482
Total (e)
Total Satkhira (1)
Monoharpur
Mushim Nagor
1085
9688
88
131
Jhapa
143
Biddanandakhati
Sagordari
Sufalakathi
Total (f)
Total Jessore (2)
603
297
141
1403
1403
Page | 85
Grand Total (1+2)
11091
Page | 86