13 Colonies
Why would Britain want Colonies in
America?
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1) Trade
2) Economic Gain
3) Access to natural resources
4) More power and territory than their
rivals
• 5) A place to send people
Why come to America?
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Opportunity
Freedom
Access to food
Farther away from the monarchy
Offered a chance at freedom, if you were a
slave
New World Colonies
• Britain had no plan to
colonize, it just
happened
• Just wanted to gain
more than Spain
• What happens
next???
First Attempt: Lost Colony
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Sir Walter Raleigh
Sends scouts to America
Builds fortified city at Roanoke Island (NC)
People come on voyage (1587)
Leader of Expedition, John White, fails to follow
orders, leaves Colonists to find supplies
• 1590, White returns, No sign of colonists
• Raleigh’s attempt fails, England tries again
New King: James I
• Wants to be friendly with
Spain
• Shares power with
Parliament (legislative
body)
• Argues over taxation
• Religion is also an issue,
even though King James
sponsors a new
interpretation of the Bible
Religious Questions
• Catholic or Protestant???
• Catholic - refers to the members, beliefs, and
practices of the Catholic Church (Roman
Catholic Church) that is in full communion with
the Pope (Bishop of Rome).
• Protestant - individuals and churches who
advocated a formal separation from the Roman
Catholic Church.
John Calvin
• Founded Puritan Faith
• Puritan Belief
– God is all powerful
– Man is totally evil
– Salvation is an unearned gift
of God
– God’s Elect
– Predestination
Church Splits
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Catholic Church splits
Anglican Church forms
Puritans a a minority in Anglican Church
English Civil war begins
– Cavaliers (Royals) vs Roundheads
(Parliamentarians)
• Parliament consisted of many Puritans
• Oliver Cromwell helps Puritans win
Jamestown
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1st Permanent English settlement
1607
Joint-stock Colony
A group of investors form Virginia Company
purchase a charter from the king and write a
constitution for the colony
• John Rolf introduces Tobacco in Jamestown
Colony – raises profits of colony, leads to need
for slave
• Colony eventually sold to King and becomes a
Royal Colony
Chesapeake
• New name for the populated area
including Jamestown and surrounding
areas
• People migrate for financial reasons
• Indentured Servitude – free passage to the
New World leads to seven years of work
and then servants get freedom
• 130,000 were indentured servants
Land Ownership ???
• Does not exist
• Had to live here for 4 years before they
could own land
• Coming to America now no as popular
• People not as adimant about to come
1620
• Puritans want to be different than Anglican
Church
• Separatists – Want to leave Anglican
Church
• Mayflower leaves England for America
• Pilgrims – those who made the journey to
America on the Mayflower
• Land in Plymouth
Mayflower Compact
• First governing document of Plymouth
Colony
• Agreement to live by Puritan rules and
laws
• Written by William Bradford
1629
• Massachusetts Bay
Colony
• Founded by John
Winthrop
• Biggest Puritan
Colony
• Did not have total
religious tolerance
Salem Bay Settlement
• 1629
• Roger Williams - Teacher
• Teaches the following principle: Separation
of Church and State
• What is Separation of Church and State?
• Puritans banish Williams…He starts
Rhode Island
Religious Intolerance
Anne Hutchinson
Proponent of antinomianism - the belief that faith
and God’s Grace, not moral law or deeds, earn
one a place among the elect
Tried for heresy, is convicted, and banished
John Wheelwright
Brother-in-law of Anne Hutchinson, banished
from New Hampshire for defending her views
More Religious Difficulties
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Salem
1692
Salem Witchcraft Trials
Leads to Mass Hysteria
Accused are place on trial and hanged
Most don’t get a fair chance a defending
themselves
Southern Colonies
Virginia – 1607
– Joint-stock Colony converted to Royal Colony
– Tobacco Introduced there
Carolina - 1663
- Proprietary Colony
- sold to eight Lord Proprietors, want a big Profit
- Included NC, SC, Some of TN, KY, MS, and AL
- converted to Royal Colony
- split in 1712
NC – Albemarle settlement - rural, slow economic growth, isolated
SC – Charleston settlement – trading center, rich colony, grow rice
Georgia – 1733
- founded by John Oglethorpe
- Debtors Colony
- slaves illegal, gives people 2nd chance
Southern Society and Economy
• Based on Agriculture
• Plantation system
• 3 things decide how economy will look
• 1) Climate
• 2) terrain
• 3) crops (cash crops – tobacco, corn, rice)
• Plantation system leads to Forced labor
Forced Labor
• 1) Indian Slavery
• 2) Indentured Servitude
– Work 7 years, be free
• 3) African Slavery
• Triangular Trade Route was the trade of rum,
slaves, and other goods between Europe, America,
and Africa
• Middle Passage – shipping route slaves took to
America
Bacon’s Rebellion
• Led by Nathaniel Bacon
• Bought land on frontier in Virginia, Indians
want land
• Indians want help of colony, colony is
trading with Indians
• Landless poor people like Bacon
• Bacon leads revolt, dies, revolt fails
• Effect – slavery becomes more popular
Middle Colonies
Maryland – 1633
- Proprietary Colony, under control of Lord Baltimore
- Catholic Colony
Delaware - 1638
- Dutch settled first, then English
- Proprietary Colony
- Independent by 1701 with elected assembly
Pennsylvania – 1682
- Governor – William Penn
- Quaker Colony
- Quakers – Believe in simplicity, equality, peace, and integrity
New England Colonies
Massachusetts (1620)
- Massachusetts Bay company bought rights to settle in Massachusetts
- Joint-stock colony
- First settled by Pilgrims, then Salem is settled by Puritans (John
Winthrop)
- Converted into a Royal Colony
New Hampshire (1623)
- established by John Mason as a fishing village
- Proprietary colony, eventually became a royal colony
New Jersey/ New Netherlands (1623)
- Proprietary colony
- settled by Dutch, Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley
- new grant was called New Jersey
New York / New Amsterdam (1624)
- settled by Dutch
- Peter Minuit bought Manhattan Island for $24
- Proprietary colony but became Royal colony
New England Colonies
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Mixed Economy
Based on Plantation system and trade
Manufacturing is also developing
Grow food for family to eat, any surplus
will be traded