China
Review
Forms of Imperialism:
• Colony
• Protectorate
• Sphere of Influence
Chinese Empires
• 2800 BCE – 2200 BCE: Three Sovereigns and the Five
Emperors (mythical)
• 221 BCE – 207 BCE: Qin Dynasty (First Imperial
Dynasty)
• 206 BCE – 220 CE: Han Dynasty
• 600 CE – 1100 CE: Tang and Song Dynasties
• 1271 CE – 1368 CE: Yuan Dynasty (Kublai Khan)
• 1368 CE – 1644 CE: Ming Dynasty
• 1644 CE – 1911 CE: Qing Dynasty
China Activity!
Six Groups:
1. England – weapons
2. France – cheese
3. Russia – coal
4. Chongang – silk
5. Guangzhou – spices
6. Mongolia – porcelain
***The goal is to become the first country to get one of
each card.***
Question 1
European
Name three countries
which participated in the
“Arab Spring”
Chinese
Name the six former
republics of Yugoslavia
Question 2
European
Where was Will Smith born
and raised?
Chinese
Which prestigious
university offered Will
Smith a full-ride
scholarship?
Question 3
European
What movie is the
Chinese’ question from?
Chinese
What is the airspeed
velocity of an unladen
swallow?
P.S. The African swallow
Question 4
European
Name the novels in the
Hunger Games trilogy
Chinese
Name four novels written
by Fyodor Dostoyevsky
Question 5
European
Chinese
Who was the British prime
minister during WWII?
Who was the British prime
minister during WWI?
Question 6
European
What is the smallest
country in the world by
area?
Chinese
What is the largest city in
Africa by population?
Question 7
European
Name three characters
from the TV show
Breaking Bad
Chinese
Name three characters
from the TV show Cheers
Question 8
European
What is Lil Bow Wow’s
favorite sport?
Chinese
What is Ke$ha’s real first
name?
Question 9
European
Name two female
American gymnasts who
won gold medals in
London
Chinese
Who won the Olympic
gold in women’s handball
in London?
Question 10
European
What is Paul Ryan’s
favorite band?
Chinese
Which former Democratic
candidate for President
attended Swarthmore
College?
Question 11
European
Who is the author of
Animal Farm?
Chinese
Who is the author of The
Tale of Genji?
Question 12
European
Where did Mr. Cramer go
to college?
Chinese
Who is Mr. Cramer’s
favorite hockey player?
Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty
• Founded by the Manchu leader Nurhachi
• 1644: conquered the Han-dominated Ming Dynasty
- 25 million deaths
• Ruled China until 1912
• 1756: Introduced the Canton System
- Limited foreign trade to designated areas
- Tightly constricted foreigners’ activities
- All Chinese goods sold for silver
Opium Wars
• Beginning in the 19th-century, British traders smuggle
opium in from India to trade for silk, tea, and
porcelain.
• Chinese government interferes with this trade
- Arrests opium dealers
- Shuts down illegal ports of trade
• 1839-42: British defeat Chinese
• 1856-1860: British and French defeat Chinese
Opium Wars: Results
• China is forced to sign unequal treaties with
England, France, Russia, Germany, and Japan
•
•
•
•
•
•
Relinquish control of Hong Kong
Open major ports to foreign trade
Pay indemnities to European citizens
Religious liberty for Christians in China
International opium trade re-opened
Extraterritoriality
Spheres of Influence
• By 1900, China is broken into different
“spheres of influence.”
- Britain
- Russia
- France
- Japan
• America and the “Open Door Policy”
Boxer Rebellion
Boxer Rebellion
• The Society of
Righteous and
Harmonious Fists
- Proto-nationalist,
anti-Imperialist
- Emphasis on
calisthenics and
exercise
- “Spirit Possession”
- Anti-Christian
Boxer Rebellion
• 1898: European powers force the Chinese Emperor
Guangxu to reform Chinese society
• 1900: Empress Cixi seizes power
- Allows Boxers to spread throughout China
- Boxers begin massacring Europeans and
Christians
- Over 30,000 dead by the end of 1900
- Europeans intervene to crush rebellion
Empress Cixi, 1902
Aftermath of Rebellion
“The people are afraid of officials, the officials are
afraid of foreigners, and the foreigners are afraid of
the people"
•
•
•
•
Cixi is allowed to stay in power
Some educational reforms are passed
Qing Dynasty = weak and unpopular
Europeans don’t colonize China completely
Xinhai Revolution
• 1908: Empress Cixi dies, replaced by her two year
old nephew, Puyi
• 1908-9: Sun Yat-Sen leads a failed coup
- Kuomintang: Nationalist Party (KMT)
• 1911: Royal Guard joins Revolution against the new
Emperor
• Sun Yat-Sen elected China’s first president
• Abdicates in favor of Yuan Shikai, an Imperial
general
Democracy?
• 1913: First democratic elections
- KMT score huge victory
• 1915: Yuan proclaims himself Emperor, bans KMT
• Sun Yat-sen calls for “Second Revolution”
• Yuan forced to reestablish Republic
• After Yuan’s death, political fragmentation
• KMT unifies country in 1928 under Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek
& Mao Zedong