APUSH Unit 11 Outline
VUS: 10,11, and 12
World War II/Cold War
Samuel Cortes and Michael Bugas
Unit 11 Overview
• World War II
– Rise of Fascism
• Cold War
– Korean War
– Cuban Missile Crisis
– “Containment”
– Vietnam War
– Domino Theory
• Harry S. Truman- Fair Deal
• Dwight D. Eisenhower
• John F. Kennedy- New Frontier
• LBJ- Great Society and Vietnam
World War II
• 1939 Germany invades
Poland sparking WWII
• Blitzkrieg takes Europe
by surprise
• Roosevelt and U.S. try
to stay out of war
• Isolationist Policy
• Roosevelt establishes
preventative measures
in case of war
– Lend Lease Act
– Selective Service Act
• Axis Powers
U.S. entrance into WWII
• December 7, 1941Japanese planes attack
U.S. naval base at Pearl
Harbor
• This drags the U.S. into
WWII against Germany,
Italy, and Japan
U.S. Mobilization
• New Agencies Established
– OSS (Office of Strategic
Services)
– OWI (Office of War
Information)
– NWLB (National War Labor
Board)
• All established to regulate
wartime economy and
keep home support of the
war.
U.S. Mobilization Ctd.
• Economy shifted to
provide resources to
the army
• New workers such as
women and other
minorities were given
wartime jobs
• Atomic bomb being
developed by U.S.
– “Manhattan Project”
– Robert Openheimer
Women in Work
What a joke! haha
Home Front
• At home the depression was
finally ended by availability
of wartime jobs
• Japanese Americans
interned for fear of
conspiracy and racial
leanings
• Korematsu vs. U.S. upheld
this decision
• Race riots occurred in cities
like Los Angeles and Detroit
• Labor Unrest troubled
country during war
The War in Europe
• North Africa was
reclaimed from the
Germans by General
Patton in the North Africa
Campaign, provided
stepping stone to Europe
• El Alamein
• Soviets turned tide of war
with victories at
Stalingrad and Leningrad
in 1943
• Germans were reeling
from defeat to Russia
• On June 6,1944 Allies
invaded Europe on
Normandy Coast
• Dwight D. Eisenhower
• Battle of the Bulge
• By April 1945 Germany
had fallen
Berlin taken by Soviet Forces
Soviet troops raise flag over Reichstag in Berlin
The War in Asia
• Shortly after Pearl Harbor,
U.S. stopped Japanese
offensive at battle of
Midway, changed tide of
war in the Pacific
• U.S. began “Island
Hopping” strategy and
slowly pushed back
Japanese
• Iwo Jima
• Okinawa
• Truman decided to drop
Atomic bomb on Japan
instead of invasion
• August 6, 1945: Atomic
bomb dropped on
Hiroshima
• August 9, 1945: Atomic
bomb dropped on
Nagasaki
• August 15, 1945: Japan
surrenders
Mushroom Cloud
Pre Cold War/Rebuilding Europe
• Conferences at Yalta and
Potsdam set course for
what was to be the Cold
War
• Yalta: Churchill, Stalin,
and Roosevelt
• Potsdam: Churchill,
Stalin, and Truman
• Nuremberg War Trials
convict Nazi leaders for
crimes against humanity
The “Big Three” at Yalta
Pre Cold War/Rebuilding Europe
• Europe was divided into
east and west once war
had ended
• “Iron Curtain”
• U.S. and USSR sole
superpowers
• Marshall Plan hoped to
rebuild Europe and
lessen the appeal of
Communism to Western
Europe
• Other organizations
established such as IMF
and GATT to provide
financial aid to the war
torn world.
• Provided nearly $13
billion over three years
(1948-1951)
Rebuilding Europe
• World divides into two
major treaty
organizations
• NATO- North Atlantic
Treaty Organization
• Members included U.S.,
Great Britain, and
France
• Warsaw Pact
• Members included
U.S.S.R. and other
Soviet Bloc countries
Early Cold War
• Europe divided
• U.S. instated a policy of
distinctly into East and
containment
West after war
• Sought to contain
• West-U.S. East- U.S.S.R.
Communism within
present boundaries and
• U.N. established in 1945
not to let it expand
to prevent future wars
• Truman Doctrine:
• Mass Retaliation: If we
Mass Retaliation and
get hit with nuke, we hit
you with more nukes.
Containment
Early Cold War Ctd.
• USSR established
satellite nations in
Eastern Europe as a
defense against the
West
• Domino Theory guides
policy in Asia once
China becomes
Communist in 1949
• Mao Zedong
Tensions Ignite in Berlin
• Berlin Crisis- Soviets
blockaded western
Berlin
• Berlin Blockade 19481949
• This led to the Berlin
Airlift in which supplies
and food were dropped
by Berlin into blocked
zone
At Home
• 1948 Election- Truman
wins and obtains
second term as
president
• Proposes his “Fair Deal”
• Sought to continue New
Deal policies
Economy at Home
• Conversion from a wartime to peace time
economy struck fears of
new depression
• Labor struck down by
Taft-Hartley Act
• High inflation and labor
conflicts emerged
Red Scare
• Mass Hysteria that
spread throughout the
U.S. in the 1950’s out of
fear of communist
infiltration
• McCarthyism
• Sen. Joseph McCarthy
led the “witch hunt” of
communists
• HUAC
• Much of Hollywood
considered
“communist”
• Rosenberg spy cases
• Alger Hiss
Korean War
• N. Korea invaded S.
Korea in 1950
• U.N. sent in troops
comprised mainly of
U.S. soldiers
• War gave Truman bad
name and cost him
1952 Election
Postwar Prosperity
• The postwar economic
• GI Bill
boom led to the
• Baby Boom
prosperity of the 1950’s
• Television and Radio
became staples
• New appliances and
housing were affordable
for returning soldiers
Eisenhower/1950’s
• Elected President in
1952
• Split in Democratic
Party over Civil Rights
• Southern Democrats
were called “Dixiecrats”
• Presided over
prosperous era
• Suburbs
• Interstate Highway Act
• Federal Housing
Administration
• National Defense
Education Act
• Rock and Roll emerged
along with Youth
Culture
• “Teenager”
• Elvis Presley
Cold War ctd.
• CIA and covert action
operations all over the
world
• Nikita Khrushchev takes
control of USSR
• U-2 incident
• John Foster Dulles
• Brinkmanship- Policy of
taking things to brink to
get more afterwards,
used along with nuclear
weapons
• French withdrawal from
Indochina
• Dien Bien Phu
• Geneva Conference
• Ho Chi Minh takes over
Communist gov’t. in N.
Vitenam
• “Military Industrial
complex”
J.F.K.
• New Frontier
• Won Election of 1960
due to better
presentation on TV over
Richard Nixon
• New Liberalism
• More Social Programs
• Assassinated in 1963
Cold War Policies
• Cuban Missile Crisis
• Standoff between U.S.
and USSR
• Bay of Pigs Invasion
– Botched CIA plan to take
down communist gov’t.
in Cuba
Lyndon Baines Johnson
• Becomes President after
assassination of Kennedy
• Great Society
• Continues welfare
spending and social
projects to eliminate
poverty
• Vietnam war diverts
funds from these projects
Clouds of Vietnam Begin to Form
• Threat of Communist
expansion in Indochina
• Gulf of Tonkin
Resolution
• Viet Cong
• LBJ takes us into war
• My Lai
• Tet Offensive
1.
• What was a major turning point in Europe in
WWII
– A.-Stalingrad
– B.-Okinawa
– C.-Tet Offensive
– D.-Iwo Jima
2.
• Who’s policy at home was called the Great
Society?
– A.-Harry S. Truman
– B.-Lyndon B. Johnson
– C.-John F. Kennedy
– D.-Dwight D. Eisenhower
3.
• Name the Cold War policy of keeping
communism within its present boundaries
– A.-Brinkmanship
– B.-Domino Effect
– C.-Containment
– D.-Massive Retaliation
Answers
• 1.- A
• 2.- B
• 3.- C
Media
• Saving Private Ryan
• Good Night and Good
Luck
• The Hunt for Red
October
• Band of Brothers
• Red Dawn
Discussion Questions
• How did the Cold War Affect American
Culture?
• Describe Truman’s policies of containment and
massive retaliation
• What were some elements of the Red Scare in
America?