Getting Under Your Skin
Go to page 68 in you notebook and answer
the following question:
 Explain how right this very minutes you are
wearing an air-conditioner, a blanket, a
thermometer, a garbage disposal, a
waterproof suite , a chemical factory, and an
oil refinery. How is the skin each of these
things?

Getting Under Your Skin
Notebook Update:
 Page 63 – Integumentary System Unit Page
( Due tomorrow)
 Page 64 – Skin Coloring Sheet (Due
tomorrow)
 Page 65 – Integumentary Grades Record
 Page 66 – Integumentary System
Terminology Sheet

Post Op (Due 2/14/08)

Write this on the bottom of page 68 of your
notebook.
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1. Integumentary System Unit Page
Page 63 of notebook. (5 pictures, 5 facts, 5
colors, tab and question:
“ How do you know if you have a life-threatening
burn?”
2. Integumentary System Coloring Sheet – Page
64 of notebook (must color picture and code!)
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“GETTING UNDER YOUR
SKIN”
Two Layers of Skin
1
Epidermis (outermost covering)
 Made of epithelial cells
 Is avascular (no blood vessels)
2.
Dermis (true skin)
 Made of connective tissue
 Is vascular (has blood vessels)
Layers of the Epidermis
1. Squamous Germination
 Innermost epidermal layer
Active layer of cell division (mitosis)
Continually reproduces and new cells move
toward the surface (allows skin to self-repair)
2. Stratum Corneum (outermost layer)
Horny layer of skin (cells are dead)
Keratin replaces cytoplasm in the cells as they
approach the surface (waterproofs the skin)
Slightly acidic – destroys many organisms –first
line of defense against surface bacteria
Layers of the Epidermis (continued)
3. Pigment Layer
 Layer that contains
melanocytes which produce
the brown pigment melanin
that give the skin its color
 Ultra-violet rays produce
an increase in melanin = tan
or sunburn
 Albinism – absence of
melanin
Freckles – patches of
melanin
We get a new outer skin layer
every 27 days!
Flat and scale-like cells of the stratum
corneum flake off
Dermis Layer
(Corium or True Skin)
 Thicker,
inner layer of skin
 Framework of elastic connective tissue (enables
skin to stretch)
 Number of elastic fibers and collagen decrease
with age = wrinkles, sags, and lines
 Contains blood vessels, nerves, involuntary
muscle, sweat and oil glands, and hair follicles
 Sensory nerves end in nerve receptors which are
sensitive to heat, cold, touch, pain, and pressure
Dermal Papillae
Ridges and grooves in upper layer
of dermis that push into the stratum
germinativum (Unique to each
person)
 Create permanent ridges in fingers,
palms, and soles of feet
 Provides maximum resistance to
slipping when grasping and holding
objects
 Ridges create fingerprints used in
identification

Subcutaneous Tissue or
Hypodermal Layer
Adipose Tissue
 Lies under the dermis and
carries major blood vessels
and nerves to the skin above
it
 Made up of loose connective
tissue (adipose) and contains
about ½ of the body’s stored
fat
 Connects skin to underlying
muscles
3 Function of Subcutaneous
Tissue
1.
Cushions the body
2.
Insulates the body
3.
Site of subcutaneous
injections (large
blood vessels)
Sudoriferous (Sweat Glands)
Approximately 3 million sweat glands
throughout the body
 Most are found under the arms (axilla),
palms of hands, soles of the feet, and
forehead
 They are tubular with a coiled base in the
dermis and a tube-like duct which extends to
form a pore in the epidermis
 Water filters through the thin walls from
surrounding tissue
 Water is mixed with small amounts of waste
material such as ammonia and uric acid

Sudoriferous (Sweat Glands)
 These
glands can be
activated by heat,
pain, fever, and
nervousness
 On
an average
summer day, these
glands will pump out
about 2 quarts of
fluid
Sudoriferous Glands – Two Types
1.
Eccrine –
 Produces perspiration and functions
throughout life
 Assists in body heat regulation
 Perspiration is 99% water and average
fluid loss is 500 ml.per day
2. Apocrine – (larger than eccrine glands)
 Found in axilla and genitalia
 Enlarges and begins to function
during puberty
 Secretes a thick milky secretion
 Skin bacteria breaks these secretions
and causes the odor you smell
Sebaceous Glands (Oil Glands)
 Secretes
oil or sebum for hair
and skin which protects your
hair and skin from drying out
 Makes skin waterproof
 These glands increase five-fold
between ages 10-19
 Usually opens onto a hair
follicle
Plugged Sebaceous Glands

 Plugged

sebaceous
glands (oil glands)
will produce
blackheads or
pimples
 Acne Vulgaris is an
inflammation of
sebaceous glands
Hair
Millions cover the body
 Anatomy of a hair:
 Root – part of the hair
implanted in the skin
 Shaft – part of the hair which
projects from the skin
 Hair Follicle – epidermal
tube-like structure that holds the
hair root (extension of the
epidermis deep into the dermis)
 Papilla – tuff of tissue at the
bottom of the follicle that
contains blood vessels

Hair Bulb – Where hair
growth starts

Hair Follicle
Outer layer = cortex

Inner layer = medulla
How Hair Grows (Cycles)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Hair is produced in the hair
bulb
Blood vessels in the papilla
supply the hair bulb with
nourishment
Division of cells in the hair
follicle gives rise to new hair
These cells divide and undergo
keratinization
Hair grows longer as cells are
added to the base of the hair
root
Critical Thinking
 Based on your
knowledge of hair
growth cycles, why
does your hair grow
back when you use
products such as Nair
to get rid of hairs on
your body?
How Hair Grows
As long as cells in
the papilla of the
hair follicle remain
alive, new hair will
replace any that is
cut or plucked.
How Hair Grows
 Alopecia
Hair loss of any
kind.
Arrector Pili Muscle
 Involuntary
muscle
that attaches to the
lower end of the hair follicle
near the bulb and the other end
is attached to connective tissue
in the dermis
 Produces “goose pimples” or
“goose bumps” to trap heat
and keep the body warm
Nails
 Nail
is formed in the
nail bed or matrix
 Epidermal cells
fused together and
fill with keratin
1. Put book bags at back of room. Get papers. Staple chart only.
2. Sit in numerical order. Have book, notebook, and scrapbook on desk.
3. Scrub is to complete the vocabulary matching sheet. Label page 62
for this page but do not glue it in. You will hand it in in 10 minutes.
No talking while it is being done but you can use notes and book.
4. Write post-op in notebook:
Read pages 130-139
Complete foldable notes
Research disease
Do burn calculations
7 Functions of the Integumentary
System
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Protective covering
Regulates body temperature
Manufactures Vitamin D
Sensory Function
Temporary storage of fat, glucose, water, and salts
Screens out harmful ultraviolet readiation
Absorbs certain drugs
Skin and Microorganisms
 Intact
skin = best protection
against pathogens, toxins and
water loss
 Skin generally too dry for
microbial growth – they do
grow in moist areas
 Most skin bacteria associated
with hair follicles or sweat
glands
 Underarm perspiration odor
caused by bacteria and
perspiration
The best way to prevent the
spread if disease is by hand
washing
Burns
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First Degree Burns
Involves only the epidermis
Sunburn is an example
Symptoms: redness, pain,
and small amount of swelling
Treatment – apply cool
water and analgesics for pain
Healing Time: 3 – 6 days
and tissue destructions is
minimal
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Second Degree Burn
May involve the epidermis and
the dermis
Symptoms: Pain, swelling,
redness and blisters (Skin may be
exposed to infection)
Treatment: Pain medication and
dry sterile dressing over open skin
areas (DO NOT POP THE
BLISTERS!)
Healing Time – 2-3 weeks with
minimal cosmetic defects ( May
have change in skin color or
pigmentation)
Burns
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Burns
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Third Degree Burns
Destruction of the epidermis, dermis
and sometimes the subcutaneous
layer
Can involve underlying muscles and
even bones
Symptoms: loss of skin, eschar, and
there may be no pain due to damaged
nerves
May be life- threatening damage
depending on the amount of skin and
fluid loss, as well as plasma
Treatment:
Immediate hospitalization
Prevent infection and skin
contractures
Fluid replacement
Skin grafts as soon as possible
Burns
Rule of Nines

Treatment and possibility of
recovery from burns depend
on the total body area affected
and the severity of the burn

It is used to measure the
percent of the body burned.
Rule of Nines
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The body is divided into 11
areas and each area accounts
for 9% of the total body
surface
Major Burns:
Second degree over 25% of
adult body surface area (b.s.a.)
or more than 20% of a child’s
body surface area
Third degree burn over more
than 10% of adult body surface
area.
Practical Application

Patrick was involved in a fire when his race
car crashed. He burned his face, entire right
arm, back, buttock, and front of right leg.
What percent of his body was burned?
40.5%