Week 2 Chapter 4
Life Span Development
• What are traditional birthing procedures in
your culture of origin? What are alternative
birthing procedures? Share what you think
about them with your group.
• What are the ‘typical’ problems in childhood?
When do they become out of control? When
should you do an intervention if a child is
developing ‘differently’?
• Have you interacted with people diagnosed
with (or do you have) learning disabilities, or
developmental disabilities, such as Autism?
What kinds of challenges did they face?
You are getting older by the minute
• Looking at the clock right now, figure out your
age to the minute. Start with the exact time
you were born if you know it.
• None of us will get these minutes back, have
you invested them well?
Personality Traits in Happy Adults
• Are their certain personality traits that protect
people from difficulty adjusting after negative
life events?
• Discuss the advantages or disadvantages of:
• Optimism vs Pessimism
• Flexibility vs Rigidity
• Self-efficacy vs External locus of control
End of Life
• What are the advantages and disadvantages
of euthanasia?
• Why is it accepted in some countries and not
others?
• Are there moral differences between active
and passive euthanasia?
Erik Erikson
• Born out of an affair, he was adopted by his
step father at the age of 7 and wasn’t told
who his real father was until he was an adult.
He felt alienated by both his Norse and Jewish
peers. He spent a lot of time studying
“identity crisis”.
Stage 1 Trust vs Mistrust
• Trust is established when infants are given
warmth, touching, love and physical care.
• Mistrust is caused by inadequate or
unpredictable care.
Stage 2 Autonomy vs Doubt
• Parents can foster a sense of autonomy by
encouraging their kids to try something new
• Parents who overprotect or ridicule their kids
may cause them to doubt their abilities or feel
shame about their actions
Stage 3 Initiative vs Guilt
• Initiative is reinforced by giving children
freedom
• Guilt develops by criticizing, preventing play or
discouraging questions
Stage 4 Industry vs Inferiority
• Industry is when children are successful at
producing activities (building, painting,
reading, etc)
• Inferiority is when they feel unsuccessful at
these new activities
Stage 5 Adolescence:
Identity vs Role Confusion
• Identity is formed by a consistent combination
of values, skills, roles, culture
• Role Confusion occurs when people can’t
develop coherent fusion
Stage 6 Intimacy vs Isolation
• Intimacy is the ability to care about others,
and share life with them
• Isolation is when this hasn’t occurred
Stage 7 Generativity vs Stagnation
• Generativity is being interested in the next
generation
• Stagnation is only being interested in yourself
Stage 8 Integrity vs Despair
• Integrity is when someone has lived their life
to the fullest
• Despair is when someone is full of regrets
about their life
James Marcia’s Adolescence
• Two important criteria determine the status of
the adolescent:
• Crisis: extent person is examining and
choosing their alternatives
• Commitment: degree of personal investment
adolescent puts into attitude, belief,
occupational choice, etc
Marcia: Identity Diffusion
• Impulsive, no self-direction
• Avoids getting involved in school work or
personal relations
• Doesn’t consider major issues
• Has not thought about future roles:
occupation, sex roles, values, etc
Marcia: Moratorium
• Is aware of being in a crisis
• Thought about identity problems but has no
answers
• Dissatisfied with school or college and
whatever else they are involved in
• Short lived relationships
• Changes majors
• Rejects parental values
Marcia: Identity Achievement
• Begun to make commitments regarding roles
• Working on getting other aspects of life
together
• New trauma will bring back identity crisis, but
hope of recovery is good
Marcia: Identity Foreclosure
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No doubts about choices
May accept values and choices of parents
Does not have to be result of Identity Crisis
Appears self-assured
Marcia: Role Confusion
• Defiant and destructive behavior
• Disdain for traditionally valued roles, rebellion
• May be easier to identify with what should not be
done
• Punishment by parents and society may confirm
these roles
• Cults or Gangs provide role for these people
• Gangs require certain behaviors and attitudes
that relieve the stress from the person
Atypical Development
• Autism
• Genetically caused, 1 out of 250 children in
Oregon
• Inability to understand others minds and
thinking
• 25% chance of improvement
Conduct Disorders
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When rebellion gets out of control
Oppositional Defiance
Causes
Consequences
Child Abuse
• Combination of stress and lack or resources of
parents
• Something pathological with parents
• Cyclical in nature
Aging
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Only 25% of declining abilities is medical
People age better with planning
Biological aging: maximum life span
Choices: Life expectancy
Activities
• Erikson’s Ages and Stages (more info on page
123)
• Changes in Aging
Video