And now…
The PERFECT TENSES!!!!
I.
THE PRESENT PERFECT
A. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE IS USED TO EXPRESS A COMPLETED ACTION IN THE
PAST IN BOTH SPANISH AND ENGLISH. IN ENGLISH, THIS TENSE IS FORMED
WITH THE PRESENT TENSE OF THE AUXILIARY VERB TO HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE.
FOR EXAMPLE:
I HAVE ALREADY EATEN.
(I’VE ALREADY EATEN.)
IN SPANISH, THE PRESENT PERFECT IS FORMED WITH THE PRESENT TENSE OF THE
AUXILIARY VERB HABER FOLLOWED BY THE PAST PARTICIPLE OF THE MAIN
VERB. IN OTHER WORDS, HERE’S HOW YOU DO IT:
HABER
HE
HAS
HA
+
HEMOS
HAN
FOR EXAMPLE:
PAST PARTICIPLE
TRABAJAR +
COMER
+
VIVIR
+
ADO =
IDO =
IDO =
TRABAJADO
COMIDO
VIVIDO
I’VE ALREAdY EATEn.
YO YA HE COMIDO.
SHE HASn’T STUdIEd YET.
ELLA TODAVÍA NO HA ESTUDIADO.
HAVE YOU SPOKEN TO HIM?
¿TÚ LE HAS HABLADO?
B. SOME IRREGULAR PAST PARTICIPLES:
 300!
ABRIR
DECIR
ESCRIBIR
HACER
MORIR
PONER
RESOLVER
ROMPER
VER
VOLVER










ABIERTO
DICHO
ESCRITO
HECHO
MUERTO
PUESTO
RESUELTO
ROTO
VISTO
VUELTO
UN CÍRCULO PERFECTO
LOS MIAMI DOLPHINS DE 1972
C. THE MANY BEAUTIFUL FORMS OF HABER…
MUCH LIKE A BIG OL’ PUZZLE WHERE ALL THE PIECES FIT TOGETHER TO
TURN INTO SOMETHING BEAUTIFUL, IN SPANISH YOU CAN TAKE PIECES
OF PRIOR KNOWLEDGE AND…OK, THIS IS GETTING CHEESY. I’LL JUST GET
TO THE POINT. AND THE POINT IS?? YOU CAN CONJUGATE HABER INTO
ANY TENSE YOU’VE LEARNED TO EXPRESS YOURSELF IN A VARIETY OF
WAYS. FOR EXAMPLE:
A. PAST PERFECT
HABÍA
HABÍAS
HABÍA
HABÍAMOS
+ PAST PARTICIPLE
HABÍAN
FOR EXAMPLE:
YA HABÍAMOS COMIDO CUANDO MI PAPÁ TRAJO LA PIZZA.
WE HAD ALREADY EATEN WHEN DAD BROUGHT THE PIZZA.
B. CONDITIONAL PERFECT
HABRÍA
HABRÍAS
HABRÍA
HABRÍAMOS
+ PAST PARTICIPLE
HABRÍAN
FOR EXAMPLE:
Yo HABRÍA ESTUdIAdo AnoCHE PERo…
I WOULD HAVE STUDIED LAST NIGHT BUT …
C. FUTURE PERFECT
HABRÉ
HABRÁS
HABRÁ
HABREMOS
+ PAST PARTICIPLE
HABRÁN
FOR EXAMPLE:
PARA EL AÑO 2025, ME HABRÉ CASADO Y COMPRADO
UNA CASA.
BY THE YEAR 2025 I WILL HAVE GOTTEN MARRIED AND
BOUGHT A HOUSE.
How’Z ABoUT CoMPoUnd, COMPOUND TENSES???
WHAT? YEP, YOU CAN COMBINE ANY FORM OF HABER WITH THE PAST
PARTICIPLE OF ESTAR AND A GERUND (ANDO/IENDO WORD)! HMMM??? OK,
HERE’S WHAT I MEAN…
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE??
YO NO HE ESTADO COMIENDO BIEN ÚLTIMAMENTE.
I HAVEn’T BEEn EATInG wELL LATELY.
BUT, WHAT IF THE SUBJUNCTIVE
GETS THROWN INTO THE MIX???
EVERYTHING THAT TRIGGERS THE SUBJUNCTIVE CAN ALSO TRIGGER THE PRESENT
PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE. IT’S BASICALLY A SUBJUNCTIVE TRIGGER IN THE FIRST
CLAUSE, WITH A “HAS/HAVE” + ________ED” IN THE SECOND CLAUSE. SO, WHAT
ARE THE PRESENT SUBJUCTIVE FORMS OF “HABER”?????
A. PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE
HAYA
HAYAS
HAYA
HAYAMOS
+ PAST PARTICIPLE
HAYAN
FOR EXAMPLE:
ES BUENO QUE HAYAS AHORRADO TANTO DINERO.
IT’S Good THAT YoU’VE SAVEd So MUCH MonEY.
SIMILARLY, ANYTHING THAT TRIGGERS THE PAST SUBJUNCTIVE CAN ALSO TRIGGER
THE PAST PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE. WHETHER IT’S SUBJUNCTIVE TRIGGER IN THE
PAST OR CONDITIONAL IN THE FIRST CLAUSE, WITH A “HAD” + ________ED” IN
THE SECOND CLAUSE, OR A CONTRARY TO FACT IF CLAUSE FOLLOWED BY A “HAD” +
________ED”, IT WILL TRIGGER THE PAST PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE. SO, WHAT ARE
THE PAST SUBJUCTIVE FORMS OF “HABER”?????
A. PAST PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE
HUBIERA
HUBIERAS
HUBIERA
FOR EXAMPLE:
HUBIÉRAMOS
+ PAST PARTICIPLE
HUBIERAN
SI YO HUBIERA COMPRADO ESA CASA, HABRÍA
TENIDO QUE REMODELAR LA COCINA.
IF I HAD BOUGHT THAT HOUSE, I WOULD HAVE HAD
TO REMODEL THE KITCHEN.
TRADUCCIONES: THE PERFECT TENSES
1.
HE HASN’T PLAYED.
É
2.
IT’S GOOD THAT THEY’VE PRACTICED A LOT.
E
3.
IF I HAD INVITED YOU, WOULD YOU HAVE GONE?
S
4.
DO YOU HAVE THE HOMEWORK?
¿T