Marking Period 2
Quarterly Exam Review
Mrs. Jackson 2015-2016
Cell Transport, Homeostasis,
Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration,
Mitosis
Cell Membrane
O 1. Label the following parts of the cell membrane pictured
below: hydrophilic (attracted to water) heads, hydrophobic
(repelled by water) tails, membrane transport protein.
O
Hydrophilic head
(polar)
Hydrophobic
tails (nonpolar)
Membrane
Transport Protein
Cell Membrane
O 2. How does this arrangement help the cell?
O THIS ALLOWS THE CELL MEMBRANE TO BE
SEMI-PERMEABLE, CONTROLLING THE
MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES INTO AND OUT
OF THE CELL.
Cell Membrane
O 3. Why do we call the cell membrane a fluid
mosaic model?
O The cell membrane is fluid like because the
parts that are in it move like a fluid.
O It is a mosaic because it has many
molecules in it, like a mosaic tile piece of
art.
Cell Membrane
O What is the purpose of the cell membrane?
O Controls what moves in and out of the cell.
Cell Transport
Passive Transport
Active Transport
Conc. Gradient
High to Low
Low to HIgh
Requires ATP
No
Yes
Diffusion
Yes
No
Osmosis
Yes
No
Facilitated
Diffusion
Yes
No
Endocytosis
No
Yes
Exocytosis
No
Yes
Sodium Potassium
Pump
*Pump=think
active!
No
Yes
Cell Transport
O 1. What is the main difference between
passive & active transport?
O Use of energy (active uses ATP energy,
passive does not)
Cell Transport
O 2. Give an example of a molecule or gas that could easily
diffuse into or out of a cell. Show a simple picture of diffusion
of food coloring in a beaker of water.
O Oxygen or Carbon Dioxide
Cell Transport
O
Below is a picture of plant cells in either an isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic state. Circle the name of the
state of osmosis for each cell, and circle the description as to why the water is moving in the direction it is
moving in.
Circle One: Isotonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic
Circle One:
A.
Water moves equally in and out because the solute concentration is equal inside the cell and outside the
cell.
B.
Water moves out of the cell and the contents inside the cell shrink because there was more water in the
cell than its surrounding environment.
C.
Water moves into the cell and the cell expands because there was more water in the surrounding
environment than there was inside the cell.
Circle One: Isotonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic
Circle One:
A.
Water moves equally in and out because the solute concentration is equal inside the cell and outside the
cell.
B.
Water moves out of the cell and the contents inside the cell shrink because there was more water in the
cell than its surrounding environment.
C.
Water moves into the cell and the cell expands because there was more water in the surrounding
environment than there was inside the cell.
Circle One: Isotonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic
Circle One:
A.
Water moves equally in and out because the solute concentration is equal inside the cell and outside the
cell.
B.
Water moves out of the cell and the contents inside the cell shrink because there was more water in the
cell than its surrounding environment.
C.
Water moves into the cell and the cell expands because there was more water in the surrounding
environment than there was inside the cell.
Cell Transport
O 4. What is the same about facilitated diffusion
and the sodium potassium pump? What is
different?
O Same: Both forms of transport use a special
transport protein to move substances across the
cell membrane.
O Different: Facilitated Diffusion is passive
transport, the Sodium Potassium Pump is active
transport.
Cell Transport
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Form of active
transport
Yes
Yes
Uses a vesicle
Yes
Yes
Removes large waste No
molecules to
maintain
homeostasis
Yes
Takes in large
Yes
nutrients to maintain
homeostasis
No
Helps a cell to
maintain
homeostasis
Yes
Yes
Cell Transport
O 6. Where are cellular protein receptors
found and how do they help with cell
transport?
O They are found in the cell membrane.
O A receptor is a protein that detects a signal
molecule and performs an action in
response.
O Signal molecules include hormones, etc.
Homeostasis
O 7. What is homeostasis?
O Homeostasis is when an organism is able to
maintain a stable internal environment even
when external conditions change.
Homeostasis
O 8. How does our body maintain homeostasis
through thermoregulation when our body
temperature is too hot?
O Sweating. Thermoregulation is maintaining
your proper temperature. This is a negative
feedback loop. If we are too hot, our cells
will not function properly.
Homeostasis
O 9. How does our body maintain homeostasis
through thermoregulation when our body
temperature is too cold?
O We shiver. Hypothermia is when your body
loses heat faster than it can produce it. Our
muscle cells shiver to try and create more
heat to warm us up.
Cell Energy
O What is the purpose of photosynthesis? What
organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
O Purpose: transform light energy into chemical energy
(glucose).
O Organelle: chloroplast.
Cell Energy
O What are the energy changes/transformations
that happen in photosynthesis?
O Light to Chemical Energy
Cell Energy
O The light dependent reactions occur in the
thylakoids of the chloroplast. What molecule
that is located in the thylakoid’s absorbs the
sun’s energy?
O Chlorophyll
Cell Energy
O What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
What organelle is responsible for producing
the energy in cellular respiration?
O The purpose of cellular respiration is to
change/release chemical energy
(food/glucose) into useable energy (ATP) for
cellular work/activities.
O Organelle: mitochondria
Cell Energy
O What are the energy
changes/transformations that happen in
cellular respiration?
O Chemical Energy (glucose) to Chemical
Energy (ATP).
Cell Energy
O What is ATP used for in living things?
O Carries usable energy for the cell
O It is used by cells so that cells do their
“work”
Cell Energy
O Draw a diagram showing how energy is released
from an ATP molecule when we “use” energy
O Energy is “used” or released from ATP when a
phosphate group is removed (becomes ADP)
phosphate removed
Cell Energy
O Draw a diagram showing how energy is stored
when ADP is converted into ATP.
O Energy is stored when a phosphate group is added
to ADP to make ATP.
phosphate removed
Cell Energy
O What types of cells go through
photosynthesis
O Some prokaryotes (bacteria) & Some
Eukaryotes (Plants, algae)
Cell Energy
O What types of cells go through cellular
respiration?
O All living things go through at least parts of
cellular respiration (Both Prokaryotes &
Eukaryotes).
Cell Energy
O What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
The products?
Cell Energy
O What are the reactants of cellular
respiration? The products?
O Reactants: glucose, oxygen
O Products: ATP, carbon dioxide, water
Cell Energy
O Refer to your previous two answers: How do
photosynthesis and cellular respiration form
a cycle?
Cell Energy
O What is similar about the energy transfers in
photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
O Both processes store energy in chemical
bonds.
Mitosis
O What does G1 stand for, what happens to a
cell in G1?
O Gap One
O The cell grows, replicates its organelles,
performs normal functions.
Mitosis
O What does S stand for, what happens to a
cell in S?
O Synthesis
O DNA is replicated (copied)
Mitosis
O What does G2 stand for, what happens to a
cell in G2?
O Gap Two
O The cell grows more and goes through a
final checkpoint.
Mitosis
O What three parts make up Interphase?
O Gap One
O Synthesis
O Gap Two
Mitosis
O What does M in M Phase stand for, what
happens to a cell in M?
O M stands for Mitosis
O Cell division occurs –
O Mitosis & Cytokinesis
Mitosis
O What is the second part of the M phase
before a cell goes back into Interphase?
O Cytokinesis (cytoplasm splits)
Mitosis
O Why are there 2 genetically identical cells
drawn after cytokinesis?
O Mitosis produces 2 genetically identical cells
after one round of PMAT.
Mitosis
O Why does cytokinesis need to happen?
O Because the cell would be too large if it
didn’t split and there would be one cell with
2 identical nuclei and too many
chromosomes.
Mitosis
O An organism has 36 chromosomes in each
somatic cell .If the organism’s cell goes
through mitosis, how many chromosomes
will be in each somatic cell?
O 36
36
36
36