Science Unit 3 Study Guide
Vocabulary
Please know definitions for the following terms
Cell ­ most basic unit of life
organelle­ parts of a cell that perform its functions
cytoplasm­ the interior of the cell, including its organelles and the liquid they are suspended in.
Respiration­ chemical reaction through which cells produce energy from food.
Photosynthesis­ chemical process by which plants produce sugars using the energy of light
fermentation ­ a form of respiration without oxygen
Diffusion­ movement of molecules from higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.
Osmosis­ diffusion (usually of water) across a membrane
Active transport ­ process of a cell moving molecules from an area of lower concentration to an
area of higher concentration across a membrane. Requires energy.
Gamete ­ a reproductive cell with half a somatic cell’s genetic material
Mitosis­ process of a somatic cell making an exact copy of itself.
Meiosis­ process of a cell dividing into 4 (haploid) daughter cells (gametes) with half the genetic
information of the parent cell.
Binary fission ­ asexual reproduction in single celled organisms (mitosis)
Budding ­ a type of asexual reproduction in which an outgrowth of the parent breaks off and
grows into a new organism.
Please be able to name the reactants and products for Photosynthesis.
Please be able to name the reactants and products of Respiration.
Please be able to identify from a diagram and know the function of the following organelles:
Nucleus­ control center of cell, holds DNA
Mitochondria­ power plant of the cell. Produces energy
cell membrane­ controls what enters and exits cell
Endoplasmic reticulum­ transports material around cell
Golgi body­ packages materials for transport around cell
Ribosome ­ makes proteins
Vacuole ­ storage area for cell
Lysosome ­ breaks down food and old cell parts
Cytoplasm ­ The fluid part of the cell
Please be able to identify the steps of Mitosis from a Diagram.