What are autotrophs?
Organisms that make their own food
(like plants)
What do autotrophs need to make
their own food?
Sunlight  photosynthesis
What are the products of
photosynthesis?
Glucose and oxygen
How do all organisms obtain energy?
by absorbing nutrients from food we
eat (not by digesting it)
What are the reactants of
photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide and water (combined
with sunlight and chlorophyll)
What are heterotrophs?
Organisms that cannot make their own
food (like animals)s
Heterotrophs are consumers - they
must obtain their food by consuming
producers or other consumers
What is the formula for
photosynthesis?
(with sunlight and chlorophyll)
What are the 2 basic forms of energy?
Kinetic – movement
Potential energy – based on position
Give an example of when you would
have high kinetic energy + high
potential energy.
Going up stairs or roller coaster (the
potential energy increases as you go
up)
What is cellular respiration?
Harvesting energy (ATP) stored in food
– occurs in both plants and animals
What are the reactants and products
in cellular respiration?
Opposite to photosynthesis:
Glucose and oxygen 
Carbon dioxide, water and ATP
What is the formula for cellular
respiration?
What is chemical energy?
The potential energy of organic
compounds – related to the
arrangement of the atoms within a
molecule. (see peanut diagram)
What is a calorie?
A unit of energy – the amount of
energy required to raise the
temperature of 1 gram of water 1
degree Celsius
What is deceptive about the number
of calories on a food label?
1 kilocalorie=1000 calories called “big
C”
The calories shown on a food label is
are kilocalories
What is thermal energy?
energy transferred from a warmer
object to a cooler object – heat that
cannot be saved or collected
Give an example of thermal energy
1- About 75% of all the available
energy in gasoline is lost as heat.
2-60% of heat is lost from the human
body – this is why we get hot in a
small crowded room.
What is the structure of Chloroplasts?
Where photosynthesis takes place in
plants
Where do Oxygen, CO2 (gases) and
water leave the leaves from in plant
leaves?
Stomata – like a door on the underside
of a leaf
What is the liquid inside a chloroplast
called?
stroma
Coin-like structures that are found in
the stroma
Thylakoid
In a leaf, where are the greatest
number of chloroplasts found?
Facing the sun (on top)
The chlorophyll uses “this” along with
carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions to
produce sugar molecules
Energetic electrons
What are the 2 stages of
photosynthesis
Light and dark reactions (dark
reactions are also called the Calvin
Cycle)
What does ATP stand for?
adenosine triphosphate
What are the three types of work cells
perform?
Mechanical(physical movement),
chemical (dehydration synthesis or
building amino acids) and transport
(movement od molecules across a
membrane)
An important fact about ATP
It is recyclable
(ADP + phosphate)
ATP is produced at the rate
of 10 million ATP molecules
per cell per second
What is the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic?
With oxygen vs. w/o oxygen
How does the heart help the body get
oxygenated blood?
-heart pumps deoxygenated blood to
the lungs where the blood exchanges
carbon dioxide w/oxygen.
-The oxygen in the blood returns to
the heart so that oxygenated blood
can be pumped to the rest of the body.
-The carbon dioxide to released to exit
the body through breathing.
What do all living things need as fuel
for cellular respiration? Where does it
occur? What does it produce?
-Glucose
-in the mitochondria
-ATP (38)
Does glucose burn quickly or slowly?
It gets burned slowly. It provides you
w/energy so that you can use it
throughout the day (slow and steady).
True or false:
you use the same amount of energy
when you are sleeping compared to
when you are awake
True!
What unique structure permits a great
deal of energy production in the
mitochondria?
The folded inner membrane that has a
a surface area
What are the 3 stages of respiration
and which stage produces the most
ATP?
1- Glycolysis - nonaerobic (2 ATPs)
2- Krebs Cycle – aerobic (2 ATPs)
3- Electron Transport Chain – aerobic
(32-34 ATPs)