Name_________________________________________Date_____________Period________
Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter Video Guide
http://gtm-media.discoveryeducation.com/videos/12214/pgr12214_256k.asf
Structure of Atoms
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Atoms are composed of _________________, ____________________ and electrons.
The _______________ is made of protons and neutrons.
Protons carry a ________ charge and neutrons have _______ charge.
The ____________________move about in the space around the nucleus.
Electrons carry a ___________________charge.
What holds the atom together?__________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
7. It was difficult to learn about atoms because _______________________________.
About 50 million atoms lined up are about the width of a French fry! (1cm)
8. Most of the atom is _________________________________!!!!!
9. To study Chemistry or the chemical behavior of matter you have to know about all of
the types of particles or just protons, neutrons and electrons. (circle one)
Elements and Isotopes
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The simplest element is _____. It has ____proton and ____ electron.
For an oxygen atom to be neutral it must have 8 + protons and ____ - electrons.
Every element has an atomic number which is ________________________________.
Hydrogen’s atomic number is ___ and has one proton. Uranium’s atomic number
is______ because is has 92 protons (the most of all naturally occurring elements).
5. For any element the number of neutrons can be different or the same.(circle one)
6. Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different
numbers of neutrons are called ___________________________.
7. Most Carbons atoms have 6 protons and 6 neutrons and is called ______. Some C atoms
can have 6 protons and 7 neutrons _________ and some can have 6 protons and 8
neutrons _________. (write symbol and mass number – see above diagram)
8. The atomic mass of an atom is the number of ___________, neutrons, and electrons.
9. The unit of measurement for atomic mass is called the _______________
(abbreviation)
10. One amu is roughly equal to the mass of a ____________ or _____________.
11. Not all atoms of Carbon have the same number of neutrons so the atomic mass is the
average of all the ______________________ of Carbon.
12. The atomic mass of Carbon is ___________. This is not a whole number because it is
based on an average.
Ions
1. A neutral atom has the _________ number of protons and electrons.
2. But __________________can move from atom to atom. This is what causes atoms to
bond together to form compounds.
3. When an atom loses or gains electrons it is called an __________.
4. What do we call an atom that has gained electrons? ___________________________
lost electrons? _________________________.
Nuclear Stability
1. Particles with the same charges will ________
each other so why doesn’t the nucleus fall apart?
The ___________ _____________ force operates between protons and neutrons at short
distances. It is one of the most strongest forces in the Universe.
2. Most elements beyond the atomic number of 20 need increasing numbers of
______________ to hold the atom’s nucleus together.
3. Beyond the atomic number of ________ there is no number of neutrons that can hold
the nucleus together.
4. When there are changes in the nucleus of an atom it is called _________________decay
or radiation.
5. When particles of the nucleus come out it becomes a new nucleus and therefore a new
_____________ and it also releases radiation.
6. There are three types of radiation: alpha radiation (from helium nuclei – like
Rutherford’s gold foil experiment), beta radiation (high speed electrons) and gamma
radiation (like x-rays). (Circle the one that is most dangerous to humans).
7. The energy we receive from the sun is due to _________________ which is when two H
atoms fuse together to form He.
8. Splitting the nucleus of unstable atoms is called ____________________ and this is
what occurs in a nuclear ________.
Quantum Theory (Modern Theory)
Only thing you need to know for this class is that electrons do not travel is particular paths or
___________ the way it was described by the Bohr or Planetary Model. We can never predict
the exact ______________________ or velocity of an electron. This is known as the
“____________________________principle.” We can only calculate the probability of where
an electron may be found.
Taking it a Step Further (worth two extra credit points)- Explain the comic strip below using
what you have learned about atoms from this video.