Final Review Questions
Cardiovascular System
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The pulmonary veins return to what part of the heart?
What is the Rogham shot and when is it used?
Describe the three layers of the heart.
What is cardiac output?
Trace the path of the intrinsic conduction system.
Explain how anti-A serum and anti-B serum can be used to identify a person’s ABO
blood type.
What type of tissue is blood classified as?
What does the umbilical vein do? Umbilical arteries?
Describe an erythrocyte. (detailed)
What blood type is the universal receiver? Universal donor?
What organ creates most of the clotting factors?
What is agglutination?
Identify the antigens and antibodies in each blood type
What is the SA node? (detailed)
Trace the path of blood through the body. Identify the chambers of the heart
where the blood has the most oxygen and the least
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Lymph and Respiratory Systems
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What types of cells are alveoli made of?
How is gas exchanges between the blood and the lungs?
What are the functions of the sinuses? (details)
Explain internal respiration and external respiration.
Define tidal volume, expiratory reserve volume, vital capacity, and residual volume.
What is surfactant and what does it do?
What does hyperventilation cause?
Describe the lungs. (details)
How is most oxygen transported? Carbon dioxide?
What conditions can change a persons respiratory rate and depth?
What are the effects of a fever on the body? (details)
What type of immunity do vaccines create?
Where are macrophages located and what do they do?
What types of cells are in the lymph node and what do they do?
What types of cells provide immunity against future infection?
What is gamma globulin and why is it used?
Describe inflammation
Which antibody provides immunity for the fetus?
What is delayed hypersensitivity?
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Nervous System
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What colors can the three types of cons detect?
What part of the eye regulates the amount of light entering
List the parts of the inner ear.
Identify and describe the meninges.
Identify the types of receptors and which type is used in each sense.
What part of the nervous system is responsible for creating the “fight or flight” reflex?
Identify the branches of the nervous system and what each branch controls.
What are the 5 primary taste sensations?
Describe the actions of a nerve impulse. (detailed)
Describe the reflex arc including the structures involved.
What is a neurotransmitter and what does it do?
Describe the difference in a dendrite and axon.
Describe the location and function of the medulla oblongata
Describe the pons (detailed)
Describe color blindness (detailed)
Identify the cranial nerve that controls the tongue.
What is and what is the function of myelin.
Identify the names and functions of the muscles around the eye.
What is the function of the pupil.
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Endocrine and Excretory Systems
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What does oxytocin do and where is it produced? (details)
What are the hormones created by the anterior pituitary and their functions?
What can hormones do? (detailed)
What does melatonin do and where is it produced?
Where is the hypothalamus located and what does it do?
Where is insulin produced and what does it do?
How do steroids influence cell actions?
What are the functions of the kidneys? (details)
Identify what occurs during filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. (details)
What does estrogen do?
What type of cells make the bladder and why is this important?
What hormone is responsible for ovulation?
How are hormone concentrations normally regulated?
What are the three systems that regulate blood pH and how do they work?
What are the major processes controlled by hormones?
CO2 + H2O = ?
Identify the structures of the kidneys and their functions.
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Reproductive System
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What is another name for child birth?
What is relaxin and what does it do?
Why are the testes considered an endocrine and exocrine gland? Identify the materials
created and released.
What does the corpus luteum do?
Identify and describe the stages of sperm development
Identify the three stages of the prenatal period
What hormone triggers ovulation?
Describe the process of oogenesis. When does this process begin?
Describe the process of spermatogenesis. When does this process begin?
Identify the sex chromosomes in each gender.
What is the difference between a diploid/somatic/body cell and a haploid/gamate/sex cell?
What does meiosis create? Mitosis?
When does the placenta become functions? When do organs begin developing?
Define and describe gestation. (details)
What is the most commonly reported STD?
What is considered a normal sperm count? What is a sperm count that can cause infertility?
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