Practice Exam 3- Partial Answer Key
Endocrine & Reproductive Systems Ch. 16, 27, 28
1) Meiosis in the female is completed:
A) Before birth
B) After birth
C) At ovulation
D) After fertilization
2) Endocrine glands:
A) Have ducts
B) Have no ducts
C) Have extracellular effects
D) Aid in food digestion
3) Which of the following is TRUE?
A) Non-water soluble hormones bind to receptors on cell membranes
B) Water-soluble hormones bind to receptors in the cell nucleus
C) Hormones such as steroids and T3 are able to affect nuclear function and gene
transcription
D) GH and prolactin cause molecular synthesis by directly acting on mitochondria and
activating mRNA synthesis
4) Spermatogenesis produces:
A) Haploid sperm from haploid spermatogonia
B) Diploid sperm from diploid spermatogonia
C) Haploid sperm from diploid spermatogonia
D) Diploid sperm from haploid spermatogonia
5) The level of this hormone rises sharply just prior to ovulation:
A) FSH
B) LH
C) Estrogen
D) Progesterone
6) Sperm complete the maturation process and are stored in the:
A) Seminiferous tubules
B) Epididymis
C) Ductus deferens
D) Rete testis
7) This gland typically releases hormones during times of stress.
A) Adrenal
B) Vestibular
C) Pineal
D) Pituitary
8) Which of the following is a hypothalamic hormone which stimulates certain anterior pituitary
cells to produce gonadotropins?
A) GHRH
B) LH
C) FSH
D) GnRH
9) Epinephrine is a type of:
A) Eicosanoids
B) Steroids
C) Catecholamines
D) Iodothyronines
10) Which phase of the uterine cycle ends with a rise in estrogen and ovulation?
A) Proliferative phase
B) Menstruation
C) Secretory phase
D) Premenstrual phase
11) The site of fertilization:
A) Ampullary-Isthmic Junction
B) Ovary
C) Uterus
D) Infundibulum
12) LH stimulates the leydig cells to produce ______.
A) Inhibin
B) Estrogen
C) Androgens
D) Progesterone
13) Which of the following is released from the posterior pituitary gland?
A) Growth hormone
B) Prolactin
C) Antidiuretic hormone
D) Follicle stimulating hormone
14) Pituitary hypersecretion in adulthood will result in this disease:
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Diabetes insipidus
C) Myxedema
D) Acromegaly
15) This is a hypoglycemic hormone:
A) Epinephrine
B) Norepinephrine
C) Glucagon
D) Insulin
16) A way that the scrotum is kept cool:
A) Cremaster Muscle
B) Dartos Muscle
C) Pampiniform Plexus
D) All of the above
17) Which gland secretes calcitonin and a hormone that stimulates ATP production?
A) Pineal gland
B) Thymus
C) Thyroid gland
D) Adrenal gland
18) The two-cell theory includes all of the following concepts EXCEPT:
A) Granulosa cells have high levels of FSH receptors
B) Theca interna cells produce testosterone
C) LH allows conversion of testosterone to estrogen
D) Granulosa cells have testosterone receptors
19) Which is true of type I diabetes mellitus?
A) It makes cardiovascular problems less likely
B) It is due to an autoimmune response
C) It can often be controlled by diet and exercise alone
D) It usually appears first when a person is older
E) It never causes blindness
20) Upon undergoing spermiogenesis, which duct do spermatozoa enter first?
A) Rete testis
B) Efferent ductules
C) Caput epididymis
D) Seminiferous tubules
21) The most correct route for the sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the outside is:
A) epididymis > ductus deferens > ejaculatory duct > ampulla > urethra
B) epididymis > ductus deferens > ampulla > ejaculatory duct > urethra
C) ductus deferens > epididymis > ampulla > ejaculatory duct > urethra
D) ductus deferens > epididymis > urethra > ampulla > ejaculatory duct
E) ejaculatory duct > ductus deferens > epididymis > ampulla > urethra
22) Which of the following is not an important pathway of control between endocrine glands?
A) Pituitary-gonadal axis
B) Pituitary-thyroid axis
C) Pituitary-adrenal axis
D) Pituitary-pineal axis
23) An increase in triiodothyronine concentrations would have all of the following effects
EXCEPT:
A) Increasing sodium/potassium pump activity
B) Rise in oxygen consumption
C) Greater heat production
D) More mitochondrial enzymes produced
E) Enhanced thyroid stimulating hormone production
24) Spermiogenesis produces:
A) Spermatozoa
B) Viable sperm
C) Immature sperm
D) Spermatids
25) What is the hormone that is needed in order for puberty to be initiated?
A) Estrogen
B) GnRH
C) Testosterone
D) FSH
E) LH
26) Which of the following chromosomal pairings is correctly matched to the physiological
outcome?
A) XXY: Turner’s syndrome, physiologically female
B) XO: Klinefelter’s syndrome, physiologically male
C) Male psuedohermaphrodite (XY): Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
D) Female psuedohermaphrodite (XX): Freemartin
27) What is NOT a difference seen between the estrus cycles of various species?
A) The dog lacks the metestrus stage seen in the cow
B) The cow lacks the diestrus stage seen in the dog
C) The cat is similar to the dog, but has the added stage of postestrus
D) All of the above are true statements
28) Which of the following stages of the ovarian cycle are correctly matched to their events?
A) End of luteal: rising levels of P4, rising levels of PGF2a , regressing corpus luteum
B) Beginning of follicular: high P4 levels, initiation of uterine growth and vascularization
C) End of follicular: negative feedback of E2 in the brain switches to positive
feedback, emergence of a mature follicle occurs
D) Beginning of luteal: high E2 levels, LH spike, increase in FSH
29) Which of the following hormones is NOT at high levels during pregnancy?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) HCG
D) HCS
E) None of the above
30) The best way to study for an AnS 214 Exam:
A) Read the lecture notes
B) Cram the night before
C) Read the entirety of every chapter
D) Studying is for squares
ESSAY TOPICS
Below are sample essay questions. For each, draft the response you would provide on an actual
exam. Use key words and topic sentences to make an outline of a potential essay. Make sure to
draw any diagrams required. Note: Most of these questions can most easily be answered with a
schematic representation accompanied by brief descriptions of the drawn elements. In other
words: if it helps – DRAW A PICTURE.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM:
1) Trace the events involved in the synthesis, release and hormonal action of T3 and T4. Include
a brief discussion of secretory disorders involved with these hormones.
Figures 16.9 and 16.7
What does the hypothalamus release? What does the pituitary release?
How are T3 and T4 made?
What are the effects of thyroid hormone?
How does TH travel in the blood?
What are diseases associated with TH?
2) Describe the effects of GH on the body, the feedback mechanisms involved with its
production, and any associated disorders.
Figure 16.6
What does the hypothalamus release? What does the pituitary release?
What are the direct and indirect effects of GH?
What disorders are associated with GH?
When are level of GH highest/lowest?
3) Explain the body's regulation of blood sugar levels. Develop into a discussion of type I and II
diabetes mellitus.
What would happen if you ate a cracker? Steak? High protein AND carbohydrate meal?
Describe Type I and Type II Diabetes:
What are they caused by?
When are they diagnosed?
What are the risk factors?
How is it treated?
4) Describe the effects of acute and chronic stress on the body and the hormones involved.
Figure 16.16
What are the catecholamines? What do they do?
What are the mineral corticoids? What do they do?
What are the glucocorticoids? What do they do?
Which group(s) are associated with acute stress? Chronic stress?
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM:
1) Describe the process of sex differentiation in mammals. Include homologous structures
between males and females and what they initially develop from.
Figure 27.22
What gene determines differentiation? What does it produce?
What are the ducts specific to each sex?
What do the urethral fold, labioscrotal swelling, and genital tubercle develop into for each
sex?
2) Outline the hormonal controls involved in the regulation of the menstrual cycle, beginning
with attainment of puberty. Note hormone origins (production stimuli), production sites and
target cells as well as tissue effects and feedback systems.
Figure 27.20
What is the menstrual cycle?
What are the 3 phases and what happens during each?
What phases of the menstrual cycle equate to which stages of the ovarian cycle?
What hormones are present when and what do they do?
What hormone is responsible for the onset of puberty?
3) Describe the processes associated with the ovarian cycle. Make sure to include hormones,
feedback cycles, and changes in the follicle.
Figure 27.18, 27.19, and 27.20
What are the two phases of the ovarian cycle? What happens during each? How does the
follicle change?
What causes ovulation?
What hormones are secreted when and what do they do?
4) Describe the hormones and feedback systems involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis
(blood-testis axis) and compare this to the hormones and feedback systems involved in the twocell theory in females.
What does the hypothalamus release? What does the pituitary release?
What does LH target in males? In females? What are the results?
What does FSH target in males? In females? What are the results?
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS FOR YOUR CONSIDERATION:
Due to time constraints, the following questions will not be discussed during your review
session. However, it would be beneficial for you to have control of the information they
cover. The answers can be found directly in your slide series. More than likely, the
questions we DO go over in review will help you answer at least one of the essay questions
per unit on the exam. These questions were written to call your attention to other
important concepts that are slightly less likely to make it into your exam essay pool, but
will be beneficial for multiple choice study.
1) Describe the events that occur from penetration of a sperm cell to an egg cell to successful
implantation of a blastocyst to the uterine wall. Focus on how structures within the
sperm/egg cells change during this process. Figures 28.2, 28.3, and 28.4
2) Be able to identify hormones, targets and feedback mechanisms of all hormones covered in
lecture. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, eicosanoids, aldosterone, cortisol, corticosterone,
testosterone, estradiol (estrogen), ACTH, prolactin, GH, ADH, oxytocin, TSH, TH, IGF,
PTH, GHRH, GHIH, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, GnRH, FSH, LH, progesterone,
HCG, HCS
3) Understand differences between menstrual and estrous cycles between various species.
Lecture slides and notes from 3/28/11 and 3/30/11