Unit 2: Sacrifice
The Odyssey and mythology

Greek Mythology 101
Motif
 A frequently-repeated incident or idea in a work of
literature which underlines an important theme.
Update Table of Contents
 Page 1 – Rules
 Page 2 – Sentence Notes
 Page 3 – Sentence Foldable
 Page 4 – Paraphrase, Summary, Quote
 Page 5 – Unit 1 Vocabulary
 Page 6 – The Necklace – Graphic Organizer
 Page 7 - TIQA
Interactive Notebook

Page 5 – Unit 1 Vocabulary

Page 6 – The Necklace – Graphic Organizer

Page 7 - TIQA

Page 8: Myth Notes

Page 9: Hubris

Page 11: Fate/Prophecy

Page 13: Hospitality

Page 15: Respect to the Gods

Page 17: Respect for the Dead

Page 19: Notecard Requirements
Motif # 1: Hubris
 Greek concept of “reaching beyond one’s grasp”
 Excessive pride, arrogance
 Whenever a character (mortal) exhibits hubris in Greek myths,
s/he is usually quickly punished or “brought down”
Motif #2: Fate/Prophecy
 Prophecy = secrets of future
 Greek myth is FULL of characters who hear a prophesy, don’t
like what it says, and then try to change it.
 Of course, this never seems to work.
Motif # 3: Hospitality
 the relationship, the responsibility, between hosts and their
guests was sacred
 hosts were expected to provide hospitality and protection for
their guests
 hosts and guests exchanged gifts
 to harm a guest, or vice versa was a HUGE NO-NO! All manner
of awful things could happen to you if you neglected your
responsibility to be a good host or a good guest.
Motif # 4: Respect to the Gods
 mortals were expected to respect the god/desses by praying to
them, building temples & shrines to them, and offering
sacrifices to them
 if a mortal did not show respect, s/he could expect to be
punished
Motif # 5: Respect for the Dead
 It was very important for ancient Greeks to treat the bodies of
the dead with respect and to have a proper funeral and certain
rites performed.
 Without this, they believed the soul would be stranded on the
wrong side of the River Styx in the Underworld.
Notecard Requirements
 Requirements:
 You must have a notecard for each character listed on the board
& wikispace. It will be a grade due at the end of the unit.
Notecard Requirements
 Requirements:
 You must have a notecard for each character listed on the board
& wikispace. It will be a grade due at the end of the unit.
 Front:
 Character’s Name
 Symbol to represent the character
Notecard Requirements

Requirements:


Front:



You must have a notecard for each character listed on the board &
wikispace. It will be a grade due at the end of the unit.
Character’s Name
Symbol to represent the character
Back:



Character’s Title (ex: God of War)
Status: God, Goddess, Demi-god, Mortal
1-2 sentences describing the character
 Include major relationships (parents, siblings, children)
Notecard – Front Example
Zeus
Notecard – Back Example
Title: King of the Gods
Status: God
•
•
•
•
Zeus overthrew his father, Kronos after being hidden by his
mother.
He received the thunderbolt power from the cyclops as a gift for
freeing them.
He rules the sky.
He is married to Hera, but has fathered many children with
other women.
Uranus Myth Notes
Chaos
Gaea
(Earth
Mother)
Tartarus
(Underworld)
Eros
(Love)
births Uranus (Sky), Ourea (Mountains), and Pontus (Sea)
Uranus Myth Notes
Gaea
Hundred-Handed Giants (3)
Cyclopes (3)
(all six are sent to Underworld)
Uranus
Also have the 13
Titans Helios (sun)
Kronos
Selene (moon)
Themis
(prophecy)
Kronos
Rhea
Atlas
Prometheus
Epimetheus
Uranus Myth Notes
Kronos, the youngest of the 13 Titans agrees to help his mom, Gaea
uses sickle to mutilate his father, Uranus (a move to punish & gain power)
Uranus’ blood seeps into sea = Furies (3)
Giants
Aphrodite (sea foam)
Uranus myth & Motifs
 Hubris – Uranus banishes kids, brags about winning, gets
mutilated
 Fate/Prophecy –
 Hospitality –
 Respect to the Gods – Don’t mess with Gaea
 Respect for the Dead -
Notecards
 Chaos (immortal being)
 Gaea (immortal being)
 Uranus (immortal
being)
 Kronos (Titan)
 Hundred-Handed
Giants (monster)
 Cyclops (monster)
 Rhea (Titan)
 Tartarus (immortal
being)
 Eros (immortal being)
Kronos and Zeus Myth Notes
Kronos
Hestia
Demeter Hera
Rhea
Hades Poseidon
Zeus
Kronos and Zeus Myth Notes
Kronos
Hestia
Goddess/
Guardian of
the Home
Demeter Hera
Goddess of the -Goddess
of
Grain
marriage
and
childbirth
-Queen of
Olympus
Rhea
Hades Poseidon
Zeus
-God of the Sky
God of the God of the Sea -King of the
Gods
Underworld
trident
Gift of thunder
Helmet of
and lightning
invisibility
Zeus Family Tree…continued
Zeus
Athena
Goddess of
arts and crafts
and defensive
war
Zeus Family Tree…continued
Zeus
Apollo
God of prophecy,
medicine, and
archery
Leto
Artemis
Goddess of
the Hunt
Zeus Family Tree…continued
Zeus
Hermes
Messenger of the
Gods
Maia
Zeus Family Tree…continued
Zeus
Ares
God of War
Hera
Hephaestus
God of
blacksmiths,
craftsmen
Zeus Family Tree…continued
Zeus
Persephone
Queen of the
Underworld
Demeter
Kronos & Zeus myth notes
 Major Plot Points:
 Kronos fears the prophecy, eats all of his kids
 Rhea and Gaea hide Zeus and give Kronos a rock instead
 Kronos throws up all his kids
 10 Year War
 Zeus saves Giants & Cyclopes & receives gifts
 Defeat Kronos and locked him in Tartarus
Kronos & Zeus myth & Motifs
 Hubris –
 Fate/Prophecy –
 Hospitality –
 Respect to the Gods –
 Respect for the Dead -
Notecards
 Zeus
 Hera
 Hades
 Poseidon
Myth Notes
 Oral Tradition – bards, singers who made up verses from
memorized material as they sang, told the stories of Greek
mythology as they travelled around religious festivals in Greece.
 repeated sections
 epithets
Mythology Notes
Vocabulary Term
Epithet
Epic Poetry
Epic Simile
In media res
deus ex machina
Definition
Example
Mythology Notes
Vocabulary Term
Epithet
Epic Poetry
Epic Simile
In media res
deus ex machina
Definition
an adjective or descriptive
phrase expressing a quality
or characteristic of the
person
Example
“grey-eyed Athena”
“strong-armed
Hephaestus”
Prometheus myth notes
 Major Plot Points:
 Prometheus created…
 Epimetheus then…
 But Epimetheus …
 So then Prometheus…
 Prometheus tricked Zeus by…
 Zeus then…
 Prometheus stole…
 Zeus punished Prometheus by…
Prometheus myth & Motifs
 Hubris – Prometheus disobey/trick Zeus - gloats
 Fate/Prophecy –
 1. Prophecy – Zeus will have son that will overthrow him
(Athena)
 2. Prometheus can see the future
 Hospitality –
 Respect to the Gods – Don’t disrespect Zeus
 Respect for the Dead -
Notecards
 Prometheus
 Epimetheus
Pandora Notes
 Pandora was a punishment for …
 ___________ created Pandora.
 Pandora: pan=all, doron = gift - “all-gifted”
 List each god/goddess and the gift given to her:
Pandora’s Gifts
 Hephaestus – golden wreath, face of a goddess, human voice &
strength
 Athena – silver clothing & veil
 Graces- golden necklaces
 Seasons – spring flowers
 Aphrodite – love & desire
 Hermes – name, inquisitive and deceitful nature
 Zeus – jar
Pandora myth & Motifs
 Hubris –
 Fate/Prophecy –
 Hospitality –
 Respect to the Gods – Don’t mess with Zeus, he’ll cut you
 Respect for the Dead -
House Challenge
 What companies are currently named Pandora?
 In a couple sentences, explain why you think they would want to
be associated with the Pandora story. You may use your
resources (phones/computers) to help you.
 Houses with the most companies and best answers will receive
points.
Notecards
 Prometheus
 Epimetheus
 Pandora
 Hephaestus (include info from other myths too)
Daedalus Notes
Zeus (as a
Europa
white bull)
King
Minos
Ariadne
Queen
Pasiphae
Phaedra
White Bull
(punishment from
Aphrodite)
Minotaur
(half-bull)
Daedalus myth notes
 Answer the following questions. You do not have to write the
questions down, but you should re-state it in your answer.
 1. Why did Daedalus leave Athens?
 2. How did Queen Pasiphae anger Aphrodite?
 3. What was the terrible secret that Daedalus and Queen Pasiphae
share?
 4. How did King Minos punish his Queen & Daedalus?
 5. How did Daedalus and Icarus escape?
 6. What happened to Icarus?
 7. Name 4 things Daedalus invented.
Daedalus myth & Motifs
 Hubris – Daedalus – he thinks he’s an awesome inventor
 Queen – she thinks she’s more beautiful than Aphrodite
 Fate/Prophecy –
 Hospitality – Daedalus gives saw thing to Minos, and Minos
gives him a workshop & a slave girl
 Respect to the Gods – Queen disses Aphrodite
 Respect for the Dead -
Notecards
 Daedalus
 Icarus
 Minos
 Minotaur
 Athena
 Aphrodite
Mount Olympus
Delphi
Troy
Thebes
Corinth
Argos
Sephiros
Troezen
Island of Crete
Map
 Daedalus – Athens  Crete
 Theseus – Troezen  Athens  Crete  Athens
Theseus Myth Notes
Zeus (as a
Europa
white bull)
Poseidon
Theseus
Aethra
King
Minos
Ariadne
Queen
Pasiphae
Phaedra
White Bull
(punishment fr
Aphrodite)
Minota
(half-bul
Theseus myth & Motifs
 Hubris – Theseus – celebrating, accidentally kills “father”
 Fate/Prophecy –
 Hospitality –
 Respect to the Gods – Aegeus sacrifices to Zeus, Ares, Athena,
and Poseidon for Theseus’ safety
 Respect for the Dead -
Notecards
 From Theseus
 Theseus
 Ariadne
 Aegeus
 From Perseus
 Perseus
 Hermes
 Medusa
Perseus Myth Notes
King Acrisius
of Argo
Zeus
Danae
Perseus
??
Cepheus,
King of
Joppa
Andromeda
Cassiopeia
Map
 Daedalus – Athens  Crete
 Theseus – Troezen  Athens  Crete  Athens
 Perseus – Argos  Sephiros  Gray Sisters  Nymphs of the
West (Island of the Hesperides)  Medusa (Land of the
Hyperboreans)  Nymphs  Joppa  Sephiros
Perseus myth & Motifs
 Hubris –
 Fate/Prophecy – King A. will have grandson who will kill him,
comes true
 Hospitality – Nice – King Poly helps Danae & baby
 Not Nice – King Poly fakes wedding/gifts
 Respect to the Gods – Perseus thanks Athena & Hermes,
returns gifts
 Respect for the Dead -
Perseus Myth Plot Notes
Answer the following questions. You do not have to write the questions down, but you should restate it in your answer.

1. How does King Acrisius try to prevent the prophecy?

2. How does Medusa get to be a ‘monster’?

3. Which ‘brother’ and ‘sister’ help Perseus before he starts his Quest?

4. How did Perseus convince the three Gray sisters to tell him where to find the Nymphs of the
West?

5. What are the Nymphs of the West guarding and why? (it has to do with Hera)

6. What items do the Nymphs of the West give to Perseus to help him defeat Medusa?

7. What happened when Medusa’s blood fell on the floor?

8. Where does Perseus pick up a wife?

9. How did the prophecy come true?
Type 1: Brainstorm
 Respond to the following questions in 5+ lines.
 What do you know about the Trojan War? (Real or mythology)
 What do you know about ancient Greek Culture?
 What do you know about archeology?
 (If you don’t know much about these topics, what kinds of
questions do you have?)
Greek Timeline
1250 BC?
Possible
Trojan
War
Troy
 visit website (link on wikispace)
 Explore!
 Who Was Homer?
 9 Layers of Troy (w/ video)
 Reconstructions
 Assignment (Below Type 1):
 Write down 5 new things you learn that you think are
interesting.
 Write down 1-2 questions you still have.
Notes from Troy Website (1st period)
 What have we learned about Troy’s history & culture that will help
us understand mythology?
 1. Multiple Temples in Troy (Athena) – festivals
 2. Multiple Defense Mechanisms (Red on walls, protected gates for
Wall)
 3.Interesting construction (multiple floors, thatched roofs,
materials, food storage)
 4. Expanding (beliefs – dogs) (expanding size to city) (expanding
trade)
Notes from Troy Website (3rd period)
 What have we learned about Troy’s history & culture that will help
us understand mythology?
 1. Religion was important in their lives (protected by gods –
Athena)
 2. City worked together – constructed the city around the
religious/leader section
 3. Location of Troy – access to sea, trade, supplies
 4. Wall all around the city, towers, trenches, slanted wall, selective
gates, layers
Notes from Troy Website (5th period)
 What have we learned about Troy’s history & culture that will help
us understand mythology?
 1. Religion – fountains/temples – Athena
 2. Expansion – city grew (inner circle/outer circle), closer to water,
expanded w/ trade, mixed with Romans
 3. Construction – always rebuild temples, senate/marketplace,
mudbrick, stones, wood
 4. Defense – 2 Walls – inner stone, outer stone/wood, slanted,
painted, plaster – towers, specific gates, trench, food jars
Notes from Troy Website (6th period)

What have we learned about Troy’s history & culture that will help us
understand mythology?

1. Religion – temples in city (Athena & ?), festivals, stones representative
of gods in front of wall

2. Expansion –city grew each time, inner & outer circles, trade with
neighboring countries

3. Construction – houses got bigger, made out of
mudbricks/stones/wood, design got more advanced, rebuild temples,
senate, marketplaces

4. Defense – wall around city (sloped, ^^ design, gates-towers), trench,
food storage
Notes from Troy Website (8th period)
 What have we learned about Troy’s history & culture that will help
us understand mythology?
 1. Religion – religious center w/ walls, religious icons guard gate,
Athena temple & festival
 2. Expansion- each version grew w/ wealth, grew in trade
 3. Construction – mud bricks, stone, wood – layers
 -bath houses, marketplace, senate, amphitheater
 4. Defense – wall, trench, guards @ gates (towers)
 Wall – mixed materials, slant, ^^^^
The Iliad Notes
 The Judgement of Paris
 Draw an illustration of this prologue
The Iliad Notes
The Greeks
King
Peleus
Achilles
Thetis
(sea nymph)
The Iliad Notes
The Greeks
Atreus
Agamemnon
Aerope
(granddaughter
of Minos)
King
Menelaus of
Sparta
Iphigenia
Zeus
Helen
Leda
King
Tyndareus
of Sparta
Pollux Castor Clytemnestra
The Iliad Notes
 Draw an illustration of the quarrel between Achilles &
Agamemnon
Iliad Notes
 Greeks




Athena (b/c Paris)
Hera (b/c Paris)
Poseidon (b/c sea people)
Thetis (b/c Achilles)
 Trojans





Aphrodite (b/c Paris)
Ares (b/c Aphrodite)
Apollo (b/c Hector)
Artemis (b/c Apollo)
Zeus
The Iliad Notes
The Trojans
King Priam of
Troy
Andromache
Hector
Astyanax
Queen
Hecuba
Paris
Iliad myth & Motifs
 Hubris – Achilles (everything he does)
 Fate/Prophecy – Hector/Achilles fated to die @ war
 Hospitality –
 Do: Achilles/Priam
 Don’t: kidnap people (Paris)
 Respect to the Gods – Trojans try to appease Athena, doesn’t work
 Respect for the Dead  Do: funeral pyre, urn, lament for days
 Don’t: be mean to the body
Iliad myth & Motifs

Hubris – Achilles (basically everything he does)

Fate/Prophecy – Hector&Achilles fated to die

Hospitality –


Do: Achilles was nice to Priam
Don’t: kidnap people (I’m looking at you, Paris)

Respect to the Gods – Trojans try appease Athena, but she denies (mad
about the apple)

Respect for the Dead 

Do: give the body back, funeral pyre, urn, days of mourning
Don’t: do mean things to body
The Iliad Notecards

Paris

Helen

Menelaus

Agamemnon

Achilles

Ajax

Hector

Odysseus
Add to these gods/goddesses:
Athena
Hera
Poseidon
Aphrodite
Zeus
Iliad Notes
 Greeks








Menelaus
Odysseus
Agamemnon
Achilles
Ajax
Diomedes
Nestor
Patroclus
 Trojans




Paris
Hector
Pandarus
Prince Aeneas
Character List
Uranus
Kronos &
Zeus
Prometheus
Pandora
Daedalus
Thesesus
Perseus
Trojan War
Gaea
Uranus
Kronos
HundredHanded
Giants
Cyclopes
Rhea
Tartarus
Eros
Kronos
Chaos
Titans
Zeus
Hera
Poseidon
Hades
Prometheus
Epimetheus
Pandora
Hephaestus
Daedalus
Icarus
Minos
Minotaur
Athena
Aphrodite
Theseus
Aegeus
Ariadne
Perseus
Medusa
Hermes
Odysseus
Paris
Helen
Menelaus
Agamemno
n
Achilles
Ajax
Hector
Character List in The Odyssey
Book 1
Calypso
Athena
(alter-ego
Mentes)
Prince
Telemachus
Penelope
Antinous &
Eurymachus
Book 5
Book 9
Book 10
Polyphemus Circe
Eurylochus
Book 11
Book 12
Character List in The Odyssey
Book 21
Book 22
Eurycleia
Eumaeus
Melanthius
Philoetius
Book 23
Book 24
Essential Concepts
 Essential Ideas:
 The relationship between the gods and mortals
 The system of justice in Homer’s world
 Odysseus and his education through his travels
 Homer’s notion of heroism
 The characteristics and style of the epic genre