Today’s Plan Sept 10, 2013
 Bellwork
bonemarkings
On your own paper: id
Learning
Targets
functions
of the skeletal
• system.
I can i.d. structures and
functions of axial skeletal
system
• I can describe processes related
to bone development
Classwork





Human Skeleton:

General skeleton,
classification of bones
Axial vs. Appendicular
Words to describe bone
structures
Skull
Assign skull project

15 minute skull prep
time
Today’s Plan Sept 11, 2013
 Bellwork
bonemarkings
On your own paper: id
Learning
Targets
functions
of the skeletal
• system.
I can i.d. structures and
functions of axial skeletal
system
• I can describe processes related
to bone development
Classwork
 Human Skeleton:
 Bone Development
 Skull labeling
 15 minute skull
prep time
Today’s Plan Sept 12, 2013
 Bellwork
Concept map and label
skull bones
Classwork
 Human Skeleton:
 Skull practice
 Skull models
Learning
Targets
On your
own paper: id
• functions
I can i.d. structures
and
of the skeletal
functions of axial skeletal
system.
system
• I can describe processes related
to bone development
20 minute skull prep
time
Figure 7.17
Figure 7.17
Functions of Skeletal System
1.
Support
Lower limbs, pelvis,
vertebrae support
upper body.
2.
Body Movement/
Leverage
Bones and muscles act
as levers
3.
Protection
Eyes, ears bones, brain,
heart, lungs
Functions of Skeletal System
4. Blood Cell
production
 Hemopoiesis
 Begins in yolk sac then to

Red marrow


Platelets, RBC and WBC

Adults: red marrow is stored
in skull, ribs, sternum,
clavicles, vertebrae and
pelvis
liver and spleen and
eventually bone marrow

2 kinds

Infants mostly have red
marrow
Yellow Marrow


Stores fat
Within long bones
Functions
5. Inorganic salt
storage
 Calcium


Blood clot formation,
muscle contraction
Nerve impulses
 Phosphorus
 Mg
 Na
K
Axial Skeleton
 Two divisions of skeleton
 the axial and the appendicular skeleton.
 Axial: includes all bones that support organs
of the head, neck, and trunk.
 40% of skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
 The appendicular skeleton consists of the
bones of the limbs and bones that anchor
the limbs to the axial skeleton.
 Pectoral girdle: scapula, clavicle.
 Upper limbs: humerus, radium, ulna, carpals,
metacarpals, phalanges.
 Pelvic girdle: coxal bones.
 Lower limbs: femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals,
metatarsals, phalanges.
Classification of Bones
*Bones are classified according to shape*
1. Long Bones
•
•
Consists of a shaft
with 2 ends
Humerus, femur,
radius, ulna, palms,
soles
2. Short Bones
•
•
Cube-like shaped
bones
Carpals, tarsals
3. Flat Bones
•
•
Thin and usually
curved bones
Skull bones, sternum,
scapula, ribs
4. Irregular Bones


Bones that not are
long, short or flat
Vertebrae, auditory
ossicles
5. Sesamoid Bones
•
•
Usually small, round, and
flat. They
develop inside tendons
Patella
6. Wormian (sutural)
Bones
•
Tiny bones in skull that
lie between major
skull bones
Bone Markings
Depressions and openings allowing
blood vessels and nerves to pass
Meatus – Canal-like
passageway
•
auditory
Sinus – cavity within bone, filled with air and
lined with mucous membrane
•
skull
Fossa – shallow, basin like depression in a bone,
often serving as an articular surface

Pelvis, scapula, mandibular
Fontanel: aka Soft spots
Groove – Furrow
•
Mandibular groove
Suture
• Interlocking union
b/t bones
Condyles
• Rounded projections
• Usually articular
surfaces
 Frontal bone: forehead
 Parietal bones: top of the skull
 Occipital bone: back of the skull
 Temporal bones: side of skull, near ears
 Sphenoid bone:base of the cranium
 Ethmoid bone: roof of the nasal cavity
Sutures
Facial Skeleton
• Maxillary bones: upper jaw, hard palate
• Palatine bones: hard palate, nasal cavity
• Zygomatic bones: cheek bones
• Lacrimal bones: orbit of the eye
• Nasal bones: bridge of the nose
• Vomer bone: nasal septum
• Nasal conchae: walls of the nasal cavity
• Mandible: lower jaw
Figure 7.19
Figure 7.19
Figure 7.21
Figure 7.21
Figure 7.22
Figure 7.22
Figure 7.29
Figure 7.29
Figure 7.29
Figure 7.33
Figure 7.33
 Frontal
 Spenoidal
 Ethmoidal
 maxillary
Vertebral Column
 Cervical vertebrae: seven vertebrae of the
neck, includes atlas and axis
 Thoracic vertebrae: twelve vertebrae that
articulate with the ribs
 Lumbar vertebrae: five vertebrae that
make up the small of the back
Vertebral Column
 Sacrum: five
vertebrae that
fuse in early
adulthood, part
of the pelvis
 Coccyx: four
small fused
vertebrae
Figure 7.34
Thoracic Cage
 Ribs: twelve pair of ribs attached to each
thoracic vertebrae.
 Seven pairs: true ribs and attach to the
sternum by costal cartilage.
 Two pairs: false ribs that attach to cartilage.
Thoracic Cage
 Two pairs: floating ribs that do not attach to
the sternum or its cartilage.
 Sternum: the manubrium, the body, and the
xyphoid process.