Bell work January 31st, 2014 You will have to do stoichiometry again towards the end of this unit So, given the following equation, C3H8 + O2 CO2 + H2O if you start with 10 grams of tricarbon octahydride, how many grams of water will you end up with? Agenda Pressure Conversion Factors Review of the characteristics of gases Objective: You will be able to convert between different units of pressure on your own. Pressure Videos Basketball: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t-Iz414g-ro Egg: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28TIyWdfxx c&list=PLCA9B7D3D7031D919 Pressure Pressure = Force Area For example: 1 pascal (Pa) = 1 N/m2 Barometer Write down the following conversion factors: 1 atm = 760 torr 1 atm = 101.3 kPa 1 atm = 760 mmHg 1 atm = 14.7 psi 1 kPa = 7.50 mmHg As a class… Convert: 1) 727 mmHg into kPa 727mmHg x _1 kPa____ 7.50mmHg = 96.9 kPa 2) 52.5 kPa into atm 3) 0.729 atm into mmHg Solutions… Convert: 1) 727mmHg x _1 kPa____ = 96.9 kPa 7.50mmHg 2) 52.5 kPa x _1 atm___ = 0.52 atm 101.3 kPa 3) 0.729 atm x _760 mmHg = 554.0 mmHg 1 atm On your own… Convert: 4) 522 torr into kPa 5) 800.0 mmHg into atm 6) 495 kPa into mmHg Solutions… Convert: 4. 522 torr x _1 atm_ x 101.3 kPa = 69.58 kPa 760 torr 1 atm 5. 800.0 mmHg x _1 atm___ = 1.05 atm 760 mmHg 6. 495 kPa x _7.50 mmHg_ = 3712.5 mmHg 1 kPa Practice If a paint ball CO2 tank is at a pressure of 2000psi and you know that 1psi equals 51.7mmHg, how many atm of pressure are in the tank? Solution Known quantity: 2000 psi Conversion factors: 51.7 mmHg/1 psi 1 atm/760 mmHg Elements that exist as gases at 250C and 1 atm Physical Characteristics of Gases Gases assume the volume and shape of their containers. Gases are the most compressible state of matter. Gases will mix evenly and completely when confined to the same container. Gases have much lower densities than liquids and solids. Standard Temperature and Pressure Standard temperature and pressure, (STP), refers to conditions in the atmosphere at sea level. Temperature = 0°C or 273K Pressure = 1atm This is essentially the freezing point of pure water at sea level, in air, at standard pressure Kelvin When doing gas law problems, all temperatures must be in Kelvin, not Celsius! To convert from Celsius to Kelvin, just add 273. So, -10°C would be: -10°C + 273= 263K Pressure Conversion HW… Convert: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 258 mmHg into kPa 30.5 kPa into atm .259 atm into mmHg 752 torr into kPa 526 mmHg into atm 125 kPa into mmHg Bell Work Feb. 2nd, 2014 Remember density? D = g/ml What is the density of a 5.6 gram substance that takes up 9.8 mL of space. How about volume of a cylinder? Pi*r2h What would be the volume of a sausage link if its diameter was 4 cm and it is 10.2 cm height? As a class… What is the mass in grams of a textbook that is 10 inches long, 8 inches wide, and 3 inches thick, if it has a density of 0.382 g/cm3? Remember… Density=mass/volume Volume of a cylinder=pi*r2h 1. Solve for T2: Practice P1V1 = P2V2 T1 T2 2. What would be the volume of a 50 gram sphere of platinum (density of platinum = 21.50 g\cm3) 3. What would be the mass of 15.2 cm3 of water? d=1 g/cm3 4. The density of the core of the sun is = 150 g\cm3 how many cubic centimeters would 10 g be? 5. PV = nRT; solve for n! 6. PV = nRT; P=3 atm; V= 1L; T= 273 K; R= .0821atm.L/ mol.K Practice 1. What would be the volume of a 50 gram sphere of platinum (density of platinum = 21.50 g\cm3) {ec find the diameter} 2. What would be the mass of 15.2 cm3 of water? 3. What would be the mass in grams, of a solid steel flagpole if its circumference was 20cm? (density of steel = 7.3 g\cm3) *height of 5 meters 4. The density of the core of the sun is = 150 g\cm3 how many cubic centimeters would 10 g be? 5. What would be the mass in grams of the trunk of a tree that had a circumference of 1 meter and was 3 meters tall (density of pine = 600 g\m3) 6. Solve for T1: P1V1 = P2V2 T1 T2 Bell Work Feb. 3rd, 2014 Not so tough one: What is the pressure of a tank of He in atm if the pressure gauge reads 5700mmHg. Tough one?: What would be the pressure in atm if the pressure gauge read 4500psi and 14.7psi is equals 1 atm? Bell Work Feb. 3rd, 2014 Not so tough one: What is the pressure of a tank of He in atm if the pressure gauge reads 5700mmHg. Tough one?: What would be the pressure in atm if the pressure gauge read 4500psi and 14.7psi is equals 1 atm? Extra Credit From test! Using the following equation… HCl + NaOH H2O + NaCl 1) How many grams of NaCl are produced if you start with 5.5 grams of NaOH? 2) Calculate the percent yield of NaCl if you ended up with 6.5 grams in lab. Agenda Boyle’s Law Practice Problems Objective: You will know how to carry out basic Boyle’s Gas Law Calculations and visually see the out come on volume when varying pressure. Videos http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6oyxnkZC0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3yvSQu TP4T4 10 miles 4 miles Sea level 0.2 atm 0.5 atm 1 atm Closed Open As P (h) increases V decreases Boyle’s Law Boyle’s Law P a 1/V P x V = constant Constant temp. Const. amount of gas P1 x V1 = P2 x V2 What is Boyles Law… P1V1= P2V2 So pressure is inversely proportional to volume: As Pressure goes up… volume goes___ As pressure goes down… volume goes____ Examples of Boyle Law at work A syringe being used to draw blood Popping a balloon Popping ears during elevation change Solve for … V2 P1 P1V1= P2V2 P1V1= P2V2 Try this… A sample of chlorine gas occupies a volume of 946mL at a pressure of 726mmHg. What is the pressure of the gas (in mmHg) if the volume is reduced at constant temperature to 154 mL? A sample of chlorine gas occupies a volume of 946mL at a pressure of 726mmHg. What is the pressure of the gas (in mmHg) if the volume is reduced at constant temperature to 154 mL? P1 x V1 = P2 x V2 P1 = 726 mmHg P2 = ? V1 = 946 mL V2 = 154 mL P2 = P1 x V1 = 726 mmHg x 946 mL V2 154 mL = 4460 mmHg From the data in the following table calculate the missing quantity (assuming constant temperature). a) V1 = 22.4 L; P1= 1 atm; P2 =? atm; V2 = 2.8L b) V1 = 60mL; P1 =? kPa; P2 = 101.3kPa; V2= 16 mL c) V1 = ? L ; P1 = 40 kPa; P2 = 100 kPa; V2 = 1.0 L d) V1 = 2.50 L; P1 = 7.5 atm; P2 = ?atm; V2 = 0.100L Practice makes perfect A sample of hydrogen at 1.50 atm had its pressure decreased to 0.50 atm producing a new volume of 750 mL. What was the sample’s original volume? 250ml Boyle’s ppt. HW 1) If the initial volume is 3.7 L and the initial pressure is 180.0 KPa, what is the final volume if the final pressure is 160 KPa? 2) If volume doubles, what happens to pressure? 3) A pressure of 950.0 Kpa is required to initially inflate a balloon 300.0 mL. What is the final pressure when the balloon has reached its capacity of 1.5 L? Bellwork 2-4-14 1) What happens to volume as pressure increases? 2) Convert 2.5 atm to kpa. 3) Now convert that number to mmHg. 4) What does STP stand for?? Check your grades—mid quarter is Friday! Test back to look at—not 5th! BELL WORK 2-5-2014 A sample of mustard gas is in a sealed vessel that can change volume based on internal gas pressure. If the sample of gas started at a volume of 500mL and an unknown pressure and then the pressure changed to 540mmHg and a new volume of 0.75L was established, what was the original pressure of the vessel? (write out all the parts first…) Bell Work 6-Feb-2014 1) Fluorine gas exerts a pressure of 900 torr. When the pressure is changed to 1.50 atm, its volume is 250 mL. What was the original volume? 2) What is 50 degrees C in Kelvin? 3) 78 kpa is equal to how many torr? Boyle’s Law Lab Please do not damage the plunger/ syringe Practice makes perfect 1.00L of a gas at standard temperature and pressure is compressed to 473 mL. What is the new pressure of the gas? 2.11atm In a thermonuclear device, the pressure of 0.050L of gas within the bomb casing reaches 4.0 x 106 atm. When the bomb casing is destroyed by the explosion, the gas is released into the atmosphere where it reaches a pressure of 1.00 atm. What is the volume of the gas after the explosion? 2.0x105L Agenda Boyles Law Practice Problems Finish Boyle’s law lab Objective You will know how to recognize a Pressure volume problem and understand the concept of Boyle’s law Bell Work 7-Feb-2014 1) Neon gas exerts a pressure of 2.3 atm. When the pressure is changed to 1.50 atm, its volume is 125 mL. What was the original volume in liters? 2) How do you go from Kelvin to Celsius? 3) One more time, what are the values at STP? 4) Solve Boyle’s Law for P2. Agenda Volume vs. Temp. Charles law Objective: You will understand the relationship between volume and temperature and how it relates to gas molecules. By the end of the period you will be able to compute basic volume temperature calculations. Recall… With your partner convert 23,015 Kpa to atm. According to Boyle’s Law what happens to Pressure as volume increases? As T increases… V increases Variation of gas volume with temp. at constant pressure. Charles’ & Gay-Lussac’s Law VaT V = constant x T V1 = V2 T1 T2 All temperature must be converted to Kelvin To convert 0C K T (K) = t (0C) + 273 To convert K 0C T (0C) = t (K) - 273 Why is the Kelvin scale used exclusively in gas law calculations? Because there are no negative temperatures Try this… A sample of carbon monoxide gas occupies 3.20 L at 125 0C. At what temperature will the gas occupy a volume of 1.54 L if the pressure remains constant? A sample of carbon monoxide gas occupies 3.20 L at 125 0C. At what temperature will the gas occupy a volume of 1.54 L if the pressure remains constant? V1/T1 = V2/T2 V1 = 3.20 L V2 = 1.54 L T2 = ? T1 = 398 K V2 x T1 T2 = V 1 = 1.54 L x 398 K 3.20 L = 192 K Practice makes perfect A sample of nitrogen occupies a volume of 250mL at 25 C. What volume will it occupy at 95 C? 308.7ml Helium occupies a volume of 3.80L at -45 C. What volume will it occupy at 45 C? 5.3L A 175 mL sample of neon had its pressure changed from 75.0 kPa to 150 kPa. What is its new volume (it’s not Charles Law)? 87.5ml Bell Work 2-10-14 When the boom can, a volume of 500ml, was filled with gas the temperature was 25°C. During the back draft the temperature reached 257°C, what volume did the gas expand to? **P. slips Practice makes perfect A sample of Ne has a volume of 1.83L at 23.5oC. At what temperature would the gas occupy 5.00 L? Assume pressure is constant. 810K A sample of Ar is collected in a 5.00 x 102ml bottle at a temp. of 12.0oC. Assuming the pressure remains the same, what volume would the gas occupy at 2.0 oC? 482ml BELL WORK 2-11-14b 1. A sample of gas at a volume of 840mL is in a test tube covered by a centimeter of mercury. If the test tube is put in a water bath at a temperature of 55°C and a new volume of 1.1L is measured, what was the original temperature (K)? 2. What are Standard Temp. & Pressure **P. slips Charles Law and Water 100 – (Actual/ Theoretical x100) = % error Charles video clips http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2k40Hw 3GI0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0aqH1Jg mZ_4 Recall Synthetic diamonds can be manufactured at pressures of 6.00 x 104atm. If we took 2.00 L of gas at 1.00atm and compressed it to a pressure of 6.00 x 104atm, what would the volume of that gas be in mL? The highest pressure ever produced in a laboratory setting was about 2.0 x 106atm. If we have a 1.0 x 10-5 L sample of a gas at that pressure, then release the pressure until it is equal to 275mmHg, what would the new volume of that gas be? Answer w/ your partner Consider the following changes imposed upon a sample of gas, assuming the variables not mentioned remain constant: a. What happens to the pressure if the temperature in K is doubled? b. What happens to the volume if the pressure is tripled? c. What happens to the volume if the temperature decreases from 300K to 200K? d. What happens to the temperature if one-half of the gas is removed? Kinetic Molecular Theory Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2viSF0 PjlY Agenda Kinetic molecular theory (short) Combine Gas Law Objective: You will SEE how volume, pressure and temperature are related. Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases 1. Gas molecules have far greater distances between them than their own dimensions. They possess mass but have negligible volume. 2. Gas molecules are in constant random motion. No Energy is lost during collisions. Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases 3. Gases exert neither attractive nor repulsive forces on one another. 4.The average kinetic energy of the molecules is proportional to the temperature of the gas in Kelvin. Any two gases at the same temperature will have the same average kinetic energy. Bell Work 2-12-14 1. Solve for x: (4x)17 + 3 = 29 2. Solve Charles’s Law for V1. 3. A sample of neon gas at 50C and a volume of 2.50 Liters is cooled to 25C. What is the new volume in mL? ***Math Moves U! Quick Review Hydrogen gas was cooled from 150C to 50C. Its new volume is 75.0 mL. What was its original volume? Chlorine gas occupies a volume of 25.0 mL at 300 K. What volume will it occupy at 600 K? COMBINED GAS LAW Boyles law: P1 x V1 = P2 x V2 Charles law: V1/T1 = V2/T2 P1V1 =P2V2 T1 T2 COMBINED GAS LAW Solve for V1 P1V1 =P2V2 T1 T2 COMBINED GAS LAW Solve for T1 P1V1 =P2V2 T1 T2 COMBINED GAS LAW A balloon is filled with hydrogen gas to a volume of 0.5L , and a pressure of 2.0atm at a temperature of 25°C. If the balloon is then left out in the sun at a temperature of 35°C and reaches a new volume of 2.0L, what is the new pressure? A balloon is filled with hydrogen gas to a volume of 0.5L , and a pressure of 2.0atm at a temperature of 25°C. If the balloon is then left out in the sun at a temperature of 35°C and reaches a new volume of 2.0L, what is the new pressure? P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 V1 = 0.5L P1 = 2.0atm T1 = 298K P1 V1T2 P2 = T V 1 2 V2 = 2.0L P2 = ? T2 = 308K 2.0atm x0.5L x 308K = 298K x2.0L = 0.52atm Practice A 350 cm3 sample of helium gas is collected at 25.0 oC and 119.3 kPa. What volume would this gas occupy at STP? Practice A weather balloon is filled with helium to a volume of 31.5 L at 20oC and 1.3 atm. In the stratosphere the temperature and pressure are -23oC and 3.00 x 10-3atm respectively. What will be the volume (in L) in the stratosphere? BELL WORK 2-14-14 A certain gas is in an elastic vessel at a pressure of 820 torr, a volume of 0.75L and a temperature of 27ºC. If the volume of the vessel is doubled and the pressure becomes 101.325kPa, what is the new Temp (K) A balloon has a volume of 1.0 L at 21.0C and 750 mmHg. What is the balloon’s volume at STP? BELL WORK 2-17-14 A gas is in an elastic vessel at a pressure of 670mmHg, a volume of 0.5L and a temperature of 30ºC. If the volume of the vessel increases by 200 mL and the pressure decreases by 45 mmHg, what is the new temperature in Celsius? BELL WORK 2-26-13 1. How many moles is 123 g of H2SO4? 2. If the original temperature is 25C and volume stays constant, but pressure increases from 760 torr to 775 torr, what is the new temperature? BELL WORK 2-27-13 1. How many grams is 3 moles of HNO3? 2. If the original temperature is 22C and pressure stays constant, but volume decreases from 10 L to 8.3 L, what is the new temperature? Baby Goats! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5IuRzJRrRpQ BELL WORK 2-28-13 1. Balance the following equation: Fe + Cl2 FeCl3 2. How many moles of FeCl3 will there be if you start with 3 moles of Cl2? 3. How many grams of FeCl3 would that be? Agenda: Ideal Gas law Objective: You will be able to solve problems using the Ideal Gas Law. Review 1. If the volume of a container starts out as 3 L with a pressure of 1 atm, what is the new pressure if the volume is compressed to 2.7 L? 2. If initial pressure is 0.9 atm with a volume of 8 L at a temperature of 25C, what is the new volume if the temperature increases to 27C and pressure increases to 1.1 atm? 3. If the volume starts at 7 L and temperature is 28C, what is the new volume if the temperature increases to 31C? Ideal Gas Law http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mytvt0wlZK8 Ideal Gas Equation Boyle’s law: V a 1 (at const. n and T) Charles’ law: V a T (at const. n and P) Avogadro’s law: V a n (at const. P and T) PV = nRT R is the gas constant Must have these units… n = moles V = liters T = Kelvin P = atm R = .0821 L(atm)/mol(K) Why? Look at the units for R At STP, 1 mol of an ideal gas occupies 22.4 L. Experimentally proven to give us the value of R. PV = nRT R = PV nT = (1 atm)(22.4L) (1mol)(273 K) R = 0.082057 L • atm / (mol • K) What is the volume (in liters) occupied by 1.37moles of HCl at STP? T = 0 0C = 273 K PV = nRT P = 1 atm nRT V= n = 1.37 moles P V= 1.37molx L•atm 0.0821mol•K 1 atm V = 30.7 L x 273 K Practice… Ideal Gas 0.02 moles of oxygen gas are at 0.5 L at 0.25 atm. At what temperature is the gas? 76K A 0.334L gas cylinder contains 2.12 moles of helium at 23oC. What is the pressure (atm) assuming ideal gas behavior? 154 atm Homework A 26.9 mole sample of neon is introduced into a 4.5 L cylinder, and the cylinder is heated until the gas pressure is 375 atm. What is the gas temperature (in K) at this point? The pressure in a 2.0 L container is 1.5 x 10-4 torr at 1115K. How many moles are in the container? Turn-In: Boyle’s Law Lab (Textbooks Lab) Can Crushn’ Lab Ideal Gas Law Lab (Lighter Lab) Lab Turn In Gas Law Lab Can Crushn’ Lab R constant Lab (Lighter Lab) Bell Work 3-1-13 1. A 500 mL metal cylinder holding 8 grams of chlroine gas is known to rupture at a pressure of 7.6 x 103 torr. At what temperature, in °C, will the container fail? Bell Work A 500 mL metal cylinder holding 0.100 moles of helium gas is known to rupture at a pressure of 10 atmospheres. At what temperature, in °C, will the container fail? (when will it busrt – volume be over 500ml) PV = nRT T=? V = 0.500L n = 0.100 mol P = 10atm T = PV/nR T = ___(10atm)(0.500L)__________ (0.100mol)(0.0821 L∙atm/ mol∙K) R = 0.0821 L∙atm mol∙K T(ºC) = 609K – 273 = 336 ºC Algebra Practice Due by End of Class Solve for x in the following problems (show all work): 1) 3x2 – 14 = 21 2) 2x + 11x + 17 = 24 3) 7x2 + 70y = 140 4) 2(4x2 – 16) + 32 = 44 5) 3(6x2 – 18) + 6x2 – 15 = 45 Turn in to Ms. Barrow and do Ideal Gas Law Worksheet (1-19 odds) when done. Bell Work 3-4-13 1. How many moles is 15 g of oxygen gas? 2. The Goodyear blimp has 5.12 x 106 liters of helium at 25oC and 1.00 atm. How many moles of helium are in the blimp? Sodium and Chlorine Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mx5JJWI 2aaw Agenda: Gas Laws Practice Problems Gas laws using stoichiometry Objective: You will continue to UNDERSTAND how to use the ideal gas law. Gas Law Review What pressure will be exerted by 0.450 moles of a gas at 25oC if it is contained in a vessel whose volume is 650 cm3? What volume will 12.0 grams of neon gas occupy at 25oC and a pressure of 0.520 atm? STOICHIOMETRY: RECAP Balance the equation first! NH3 + O2 NO + H2O How many grams of H2O do I have if I started with 4 grams of O2? More Review According the equation below (balance first)– _H2SO4(aq)+_NaOH(aq)_H2O(g)+_Na2SO4(aq) What would the moles of water be if 5.0 grams of H2SO4 was reacted with NaOH? What would the volume of gas be in the same reaction at 300K and 2.5atm? STOICHIOMETRY: RECAP 4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O How many grams of H2O do I have if I reacted 4 grams of O2 w/ excess NH3? Gas Stoichiometry What is the volume of CO2 produced at 37 ºC and 1.00 atm when 5.60 g of glucose are used up in the rxn: C6H12O6(s)+6O2(g) 6CO2(g)+6H2O(l) Practice What volume of nitrogen can be produced by the decomposition of 50.0 g of NH4NO2 at 25C and 1.20 atm? (HINT: You must write a balanced equation. NH4NO2 N2 + H2O ) More Stoichiometry … 4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O Using the above equation tell me how many grams of NO do I have if I reacted 15 grams of O2 w/ excess NH3? Check your grade! BELL WORK 3-5-13 How many moles of O2 are in 20L of oxygen at 2.1 atm and 0°C What mass of Mg will burn in the below reaction? Hint: write the balanced equation and you have moles of oxygen so now use a mole bridge to get there!! Mg + O2 MgO Crushin’ Cans Lab #3 Could you have made the air inside the can push outward? If so how? #4 why do you feel the wind when it blows, and what do you think causes it? More Practice Many gases are available for use in the laboratory in compressed gas cylinders, in which they are stored at high pressures. Let's calculate the mass of O2 that can be stored at 21ºC and 170 atm in a cylinder with a volume of 60.0 L. BELL WORK On a new Bell Work Sheet labeled Bell Work 2-28-11 In three sentences or more explain how you could use your knowledge of stoichiometry to find the volume of H2 gas produce at STP from 20.0g of Mg given the following rxn. Mg(s) + HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) STOICHIOMETRY: RECAP Grams A (÷ mol mass) moles A (mol B/ mol A) moles B (x mol mass) Grams of B BELL WORK 2-21-12 What mass (think “moles first”) of carbon dioxide will occupy 12.5 L at 10C and 1.75 atm? Standard Molar Volume: 1 mol = 22.4 L At STP an ideal gas occupies a volume of 22.4 L/ mol. So, what volume would 1.25 mole of H2 gas occupy at STP 1.25mol H2 x 22.4L/mol = 28 L Review Practice 3-7-13 1. How many grams is 2.1 mol of HCl? 2. How many moles is 3.1 grams of CH4? 3. Starting from an unbalanced equation, write down the steps to go from grams of A to grams of B . Review Practice If I have 5.6 liters of gas in a piston at a pressure of 1.5 atm and compress the gas until its volume is 4.8 L, what will the new pressure inside the piston be? I have added 15 L of air to a balloon at sea level (1.0 atm). If I take the balloon with me to Denver, where the air pressure is 0.85 atm, what will the new volume of the balloon be? Turn in the following: Determining the value of “R” Lab Ideal and Combined (white sheet) 1-20. Chapter 18 review pg. 43 a & b, 44-47 and page 481 1-5. Gas Stoichiometry (white sheet) 1-10. Chapter 19 review page 494-95 36a, 37a, 38, 40, 46, 47, 52. Can Crushn’!