Designing a Physical
Education Curriculum that
Makes Sense
Steve C. Jefferies
&
Kirk E. Mathias
Central Washington University,
Ellensburg, WA
(Contact: jefferis@cwu.edu)
What a curriculum isn’t…
• A list of skills, games or sports
• Separate lists at elementary, middle, and
secondary levels
• Activities (skills and drills) that are repeated
at every grade level
• Chosen based on teacher preference
• Activities requested by students with limited
experience of alternatives
• Exposure to many skills and mastery of none
• A document to be shelved
Scope & Sequence
Scope
K
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
21st Century Physical
Education
• Lifestyles have changed over the past
50 years.
• Many jobs no longer exist and many
jobs our students will do have yet to be
created.
• How has Physical Education changed?
– Elementary
– Middle School
– High School
Change
“If you always do what
you’ve always done,
you’ll always get what
you’ve always got.”
If you don't know where you are
going, you will be lost when
you get there.
Yogi Berra
Q uickTim e™ and a
G r aphics decom pr essor
ar e needed t o see t his pict ur e.
Q uickTim e™ and a
G r aphics decom pr essor
ar e needed t o see t his pict ur e.
Q uickTim e™ and a
G r aphics decom pr essor
ar e needed t o see t his pict ur e.
Physical Education
Physical Education
Program
Program
PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR PROGRESS (PEP) GRANT
2004-2007
PE-Health Curriculum Plan
The mission of the XYZ School District Physical Education and
Health Program is to motivate students to become healthy and
stay healthy. Good health and fitness practices must become a
priority for all students. Poor health and fitness has a negative
impact physically, socially, and academically. Our mission is to
provide students with the motivation, skills and knowledge
needed to lead healthy, active, and productive lifestyles.
XYZ Physical Education and Health Education Staff Spring, 2005
Identify PE
Values & Beliefs
Values and Beliefs about Physical Education and Health
Education
The XYZ Physical Education and Health Education Staff Value:
The opportunity to teach students new skills and
knowledge that will have a positive impact on their lives.
Helping students to learn the skills needed to
successfully participate in new physical activities.
 The importance of health-promoting physical activity for
all students regardless of gender, race, or ability and the
positive benefits to be gained from regular participation.
Write PE Philosophy &
Mission
Statement
The XYZ Physical Education and Health Education Staff Believe:
Physical Education and Health Education are core
components of the school Õ
s academic curriculum
The development of a healthy and active body contributes
to academic achievement.
 All students, regardless of ability, can successfully
experience meaningful and enjoyable daily physical activity
within and outside the school setting.
The XYZ School District PE-Health Curriculum has been designed
to help all students meet National and State Content Standards.
*Insert an explanation of National and State standards. List
standards*
Specifically the goal of the XYZ School District is to prepare each
graduating student in the following four areas:
Identify School District
Program Goals
1.Demonstrate skill proficiency and knowledge in four activities:
* One Team Sport
* One Fitness Activity
* One Individual Sport
* One Recreational/Lifetime Activity
2. Develop a personalized health-promoting fitness plan
List & Prioritize PE
Program Content
3. Participates regularly and values participation in healthpromoting physical activity in and out of school
4. Demonstrate appropriate social skills and behaviors when
participating in physical activity.
EtcÉ
How will you organize the different types of sports and physical
activities you would like to include in your program to ensure that
all students have an opportunity to meet your program goals?
Õ
s an
Activity STRANDS offer one organizational solution. Here
example:
RECREATIONAL
TEAM
SPORTS
Content/
Activities
INDIVIDUAL
SPORTS &
ACTIVITIES
FITNESS
ACTIVITIES
&
LIFETIME
ACTIVITIES
Total Lessons
Per Activity
Grades
5
6
7
8
Organize
PE Program
Content
Select Content
Based On
Time and Program Goals
9
Basketball
Outcom e 1
Dribbling
2
2
2
6
Outcom e 2
Pas s ing
1
3
2
6
Outcom e 3
Shooting
1
3
2
6
Sequence Content
Across Grades
Rock Climbing
Outcom e 1
Safety &
Equipm ent
2
2
2
6
Outcom e 2
Knot typing
2
2
2
6
2
2
2
6
Outcom e 3
Gym Clim bing
Continue listing
all activities &
outcom es in
this colum n
In thes e colum ns continue adding les s ons planned for
each outcom e ens uring the total m atches the les s ons
available for each grade during the s chool year. Do it in a
s preads heet and the num bers autom atically recalculate.
Total PE
Lessons Per
Grade/Year
72
180
180
180
180
UNIT PLAN FORMAT
Unit plans should contain the following items:
* Table of Contents
* Course Syllabus
* Block Plan
* Lesson Plans
* Assessments
* Task Cards
* Skill Charts
* A List of Additional Resources
USING UNIT PLANS
* Unit plans must be followed by all teachers if you hope to achieve
your learning goals. View them like Ņ
Building Blueprints Ó
* Unit plans ensure that all teachers will be teaching similar content
although teachers may teach using a variety of individual styles
* Unit plans ensure that new teachers do not have to create their own
curriculum
* Unit plans make teaching easier for everyone because they save
planning time
Sequence Content
Within Grades
Design Instructional
Unit Plans
Identification of potential content
areas to be taught and learning
outcomes:
* Team sport A
* Outcome TSA1
* Outcome TSA2 etc É
* Team sport B
* Outcome TSB1 etc..
* Continue to list all team sports
* Individual sport A
* Outcome ISA1
* Outcome ISA2 etc..
* Individual sport B
* Outcome ISB1 etc..
* Continue to list all individual
sports, fitness activities, and
recreational/lifetime activities
together with their outcomes*
Prioritization* of potential content
areas and outcomes to be taught:
* Team sport C
* Team sport B
* Team sport A
* Individual sport A
* Individual sport C
* Individual sport B
* Fitness Activity A
* Fitness Activity C
* Fitness Activity D.
* Recreational/Lifetime activity A
* Recreational/Lifetime activity B
* NOTE: An outcome should
represent a significant
Ņ
chunk Óof
learning
*NOTE 2: You should include
cognitive & social skill
development as outcomes
*NOTE 1: You must prioritize
within each strand if you want to
ensure that your students learn
skills in different types of activities.
* How many lessons will be needed for all students in the XYZ
School District to achieve the district Õ
s program goals and learning
outcomes?
* Previous teacher estimates to develop competency in a skill
range from 3-10 hours
* To design a realistic curriculum choose an average estimate of
lessons/hours needed to become competent (skillful)
* Expect to be held accountable for achieving the goals you have
set!
* If in doubt be conservative. You can add MORE later!
* Example: If we estimated that 6 lessons (about 6 hours) were on
average needed to learn one outcome, in a school year of 180
lessons we could realistically plan to teach 180/6=30 outcomes. If
we planned to teach our secondary outcomes across grades 5-9
we could anticipate teaching (5 x 30)=150 outcomes.
* To identify your curriculum content simply go to your prioritized
list and select 150 outcomes. Remember, you chose both the
outcomes and the time your students will need to learn them. You
have created a realistic instructional plan that will successfully
result in clearly identifiable student learning outcomes and provide
each student with a good chance to achieve your district learning
goals.
6th Grade
DAYS
1
Basketball: Passing
2
3
Basketball: Passing
Basketball: Passing
4
Basketball: Dribbling
5
6
Basketball: Dribbling
Basketball: Dribbling
7
Basketball: Shooting
Continue listing
instructional days
in this colum n
In this colum n continue adding what you plan to teach. Notice that
this exam ple illus trates the num ber of les s ons planned in the
Ņ
Sequence Acros s GradesÓtable oppos ite for bas ketball.
TOTAL 180
Schedule Completed
Curriculum into
School Curriculum
* Some activities demand creative scheduling to allow larger blocks
of time, additional funds, or off-site travel. Work closely with your
school administrators to resolve how your curriculum can work.
* Anticipate that initially you may not be able to fully implement the
curriculum you have planned. Be flexible but persistent. Relate
your requests to achieving your student learning goals rather than
creating headaches for administrators!
Ellensburg School District
Empowering Students & Community in
Fighting Obesity
Ellensburg School District
Health & Fitness KK-12 Curriculum
We the members of the Ellensburg Health & Fitness
Department believe that Health & Fitness is an integral
part of the overall school curriculum and an essential part
of the development of all students. The need for physical
activity and nutritional education is essential in the battle
against obesity and health related diseases. The need
for Health & Fitness is greater today than in the past as by
this quote regarding physical activity and health from the
Surgeon General: “nearly half of young people 12-21
years of age are not vigorously active; moreover, physical
activity sharply declines during adolescence. Childhood
and adolescence may thus be pivotal throughout the
school years. School-based interventions have been
shown to be successful in increasing physical activity
levels.”
The Ellensburg School District Health & Fitness Curriculum has
been designed to help all students meet National and State
Content Standards and specifically be able to:
1. develop a general fitness plan using the FITT principle for
individual needs and desires.
2. demonstrate skill proficiency and knowledge in three
activities:
* one Team Sport
* one Individual Sport
* one Recreational/Lifetime Activity
3. and participate in physical activities
4. understand the effects of drugs, alcohol, tobacco and other
health related diseases have on their daily lives and be able
to develop strategies that will enable them to make personal
choices.
LIFETIME ACTIVITIES
INDIVIDUAL SPORTS
FITNESS
ACTIVITIES
Values and Beliefs
Identify
Values & Beliefs
Write PE Philosophy &
Mission
Statement
Identify School District
Program Goals
The Ellensburg School District Health & Fitness Staff
Value:
 maintaining the health triangle (mental/emotional,
physical, social).
 positive attitudes and hard work during regular
physical activity participation and goal setting.
 physical education as an integral component to a
school
The Ellensburg School District Health & Fitness Staff
Believe:
 that students who are emotionally, physically and
socially healthy are more apt to be physically fit.
 PE is a foundation for an active and healthy lifestyle.
 PE is just as important as any other subject.
 The development of a healthy and active body
contributes to academic achievement.
 PE should be taught by trained/endorsed physical
educators.
Each activity/sport has
been broken down by
skills and specific
outcomes to match. Each
outcome then has been
matched to specific lesson
plans. The lesson plans
span k-12 for specific
content ensuring the skills
are progressively more
difficult and that mastery
occurs for each skill.
Select PE
Program Content
Organize
PE Program
Content
Example * Team sport Basketball
* Basketball is broken down
by six different skills like
dribbling, shooting, etc. Each
skill has specific outcomes
associated with it. For example
mastery of dribbling includes;
dribbling with the fingertips,
head up, both hands, while
moving against a passive
defense, dribbling in both
directions with both hands, etc.
NOTE: Each activity has been
broken out into skills and each
skill is identified through
specific components.
TEAM SPORTS
Number of Lessons by Grade
Total
Lessons Per
Activity
Grades
5
6
7
8
9
Basketball
3
6
9
4.2
2
24.1
6
8.9
4.2
2
24.1
9
8.3
7
5
31
6
6
5
4
22
2
2
6
2
2
Rock
Climbing
Badminton
1.75
Mtn Biking
In Line
Skating
7
12
6
Swimming
2
Frisbee
3
3
2
Continue
listing all
activities in
this column
Additional activities are planned to total the
number of the lessons available for each
grade during the school year. Also, k-4 is
included.
62
164
164
Sequence Content
Across Grades
6
Lawn Games
PE Lessons
Per
Grade/Year
Select Content
Based
on Time and Goals
164
6
164
Sequence Content
Within Grades
UNIT PLAN FORMAT
Unit plans include the following items:
* Table of Contents
* Block Plan
* Objectives
* Content Development
* Assessments
* Task Cards - when appropriate
* A List of Additional Resources
UNIT PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
 Unit plans must be followed by all teachers due to the
interconnectedness. These should be viewed as “Building
Blueprints”
 Unit plans are designed to ensure continuity amongst
content and teachers.
 Unit plans also ensure that new teachers do not have to
create their own curriculum.
Design Instructional
Unit Plans
Final Schedule
Demands
 To determine what the content would consist of, the
teachers first decided on what the content would consist
of. Since in the previous step it was already determined
that the curriculum would include all four of the areas
listed, a step was added to calculate the percentage of
time that would be devoted to each area. The table is
included in the curriculum write up.
 To answer the question as to how many lessons will be
needed in order to help the students meet the program
goals, the series of calculations were made that are
included below.
 We estimated that 6 lessons (about 6 hours) were needed
to learn one skill thus, in a school year of 180 lessons we
could realistically plan to teach 180/6=30 skills.
 Therefore it was determined that 3 team sports, 3
individual sports, and numerous physical activities would
be included however, care was taken to ensure that no
more skills were included than time was available.
4th Grade
DAY
1
Basketball: Passing
2
Basketball: Passing
3
4
Basketball: Passing
Basketball: Dribbling
5
Basketball: Dribbling
6
7
Basketball: Dribbling
Basketball: Shooting
Instructional
Days listed
here.
TOTAL 64
This column continues listing the activity for that day
and the EALR that is being met.
 Some equipment will be shared.
 Additional scheduling needs will need to match seasons
within the school year and appropriate weather.
 Consist and repetitive requests while beginning to the
implement the curriculum will need to be made and
justified.
 A third teaching station is required at the Middle School.
 Teachers must be knowledgeable and willing to learn new
activities.
TEN Planning Steps
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Identify PE Values & Beliefs
Write PE Philosophy & Mission Statement
Identify School District Program Goals
List & Prioritize PE Program Content
Organize PE Program Content
Select Content Based On Time and
Program Goals
Sequence Content Across Grades
Sequence Content Within Grades
Design Instructional Unit Plans
Schedule Completed Curriculum into
School Curriculum
Preparing for change…
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Physical education for the 21st Century
NASPE Content Standards (NASPE)
Appropriate Practices guidelines (NASPE)
Review curriculum models
Browse K-12 school web sites (PELINKS4U)
What is “New” Physical Education?
Elementary & Secondary Challenges
Physical education is critical to a complete
education (NASPE document)
• What constitutes a quality physical education
program? (NASPE)
• Kansas Standards (http://ksweb.ksde.org/cshp/html/standards.html)
Create an atmosphere for change!!
Planning
•
•
•
•
•
Fund a 2-day event = Focused time
Invite ALL teachers
Choose convenient dates/times
Host out-of-town
Park cell phones outside meeting
room!
• Get commitment to be a full participant
PE Values & Beliefs
• Helps to create a vision of what you want
your program to look like.
• If time can create/If time is limited present
some options and have individuals select top
5.
• Combine into groups and have groups create
top 5.
• Finish by having entire group come to
consensus on a total of 10-12 statements.
PE Values & Beliefs
The XYZ Physical Education and Health Education
Staff Value:
 The opportunity to teach students new skills
and knowledge that will have a positive
impact on their lives.
 Helping students to learn the skills needed
to successfully participate in new physical
activities.
 The importance of health-promoting
physical activity for all students regardless
of gender, race, or ability and the positive
benefits to be gained from regular
participation.
PE Values & Beliefs
The XYZ Physical Education and Health Education
Staff Believe:
 Physical Education and Health Education
are core components of the school’s
academic curriculum
 The development of a healthy and active
body contributes to academic achievement.
 All students, regardless of ability, can
successfully experience meaningful and
enjoyable daily physical activity within and
outside the school setting.
Health & Fitness Values
The Ellensburg School Health and Fitness Staff Value:
•
maintaining the health triangle (mental/emotional, physical, social)
•
positive attitudes and hard work during regular physical activity
participation and goal setting.
•
physical education as an integral component to a school
•
school district and community support for Physical Education.
•
the self-esteem level of our students.
•
the impact that Physical Education has on students’ relative to real
world demands.
•
a program that promotes being physically active for a lifetime.
•
students who are working toward personal fitness.
Terri Drain, Physical Education Teacher
Health & Fitness
Beliefs
The Ellensburg School Health and Fitness Staff Believe:
•
that students who are emotionally, physically and socially healthy are more apt to be physically fit.
•
PE is a foundation for an active and healthy lifestyle.
•
PE is a just as important as any other subject.
•
the development of a healthy and active body contributes to academic achievement.
•
fitness is a lifelong habit and prepares children to take ownership for their own health and wellness.
•
PE/Health teachers should provide positive, motivating, PE experiences that help all students to make better life
style choices.
•
PE should offer opportunity for everyone to participate.
•
PE provides opportunity for development of teamwork sportsmanship, communication, goal setting and
leadership.
•
PE inspires activity outside of the school day.
•
PE should be taught by trained/endorsed physical educators.
•
that progressive motor skill development is essential for lifetime participation.
•
that PE should be required daily.
•
that the Physical Education curriculum should be closely articulated with the state and national standards.
Terri Drain, Physical Education Teacher
Mission Statement
(where are you going?)
Mission Statement
Physical Education is an essential component of the
education program. A student who is physically educated is more
likely to become a healthy adult who is motivated to remain
healthy and physically active throughout his or her life.
According to the U.S. Surgeon General, regular physical
activity is one of the most important things that people can do to
maintain and improve their physical health, mental health, and
overall well-being.
The mission of the Vintage Hills Physical Education
program is to provide students with the skills, knowledge, beliefs,
and confidence necessary for a lifetime of good health and
physical activity.
Vintage Hills Elementary School, Pleasanton CA
Evergreen High School Physical Education and Health
Program
Mission Statement
The mission of the Evergreen
High School Physical
Education and Health
Program is to motivate and
educate every student with
the skills and knowledge
necessary to become healthy
and stay healthy. Good health
and fitness has a positive
impact physically, socially,
emotionally, and academically.
Our mission is to provide a
safe learning environment
filled with respect and
consistency where our
students are motivated and
educated to lead healthy,
active and productive lives.
Identify School District Program Goals
GOAL 1: Demonstrate skill proficiency and
knowledge in: Aquatics, Dance/Rhythms,
Individual Activities, and Dual Activities.
GOAL 2: Assess and maintain a level of physical
fitness to improve health and performance.
GOAL 3: Demonstrate knowledge of physical fitness
concepts, principles, and strategies to
improve health and performance.
GOAL 4: Demonstrate personal and social skills.
Renton School District PE & Health Program Goals
1. Demonstrate skill proficiency and knowledge in four
activities:
* One Team Sport
* One Fitness Activity
* One Individual Sport
* One Recreational/Lifetime Activity
2. Develop a personalized health-promoting fitness plan
3. Participates regularly and values participation in healthpromoting physical activity in and out of school
4. Demonstrate appropriate social skills and behaviors
when participating in physical activity.
Health & Fitness Program Goals
The Ellensburg School District Health & Fitness Curriculum has been designed to help all
students meet National and State Content Standards and specifically be able to:
1.
develop a general fitness plan using the FITT (Frequency, Intensity, Time and Type)
principle for individual needs and desires.
2.
demonstrate skill proficiency and knowledge in three activities:
* one Team Sport
* one Individual Sport
* one Recreational/Lifetime Activity
3.
participate in physical activities.
4.
understand the effects of drugs, alcohol, tobacco and other health related diseases have
on their daily lives
and be able to develop strategies that will enable them to make personal choices.
5.
identify healthy food choices and their impact on body composition / fitness.
6.
provide a basic knowledge of the equipment, rules, safety and necessary skills in a wide
variety of fitness activities that can be enjoyed for life.
7.
understand the importance of body composition rather than focusing on weight to
determine fitness levels.
8.
demonstrate responsible personal and social behavior in a variety of settings.
List & Prioritize PE Program Content
Select Content Based On Time
and Program Goals
• So much to do and so little time.
• What do we want our students to be
able to do?
• 100 minutes?
• 700 minutes?
• 1800 purposeful trials?
Calculating Time
Calculated Percentage of Time Across Grades
K
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Activity/Skill
Fitness
5
10
10
Skill
15
30
30
40
55
60
75
15
30
45
50
35
35
20
Locomotor
30
30
25
15
5
Stability
40
30
15
5
5
Manipulative
25
30
45
40
20
15
0
0
5
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Total Choice
Emotional/social
Total
Percentage
12
Sequence Content Across Grades
Content Across Grades
(Team Sports)
Total Number of Days for Sport by Grade
k
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
Days
Avail
able
Team Sports
Basketball
Soccer
1.24
2
3
12
8.93
4
2
33.17
2
2.48
2
8
3
7.9
7
32.38
2
4.72
7
7
7
5
32.72
6.48
9.72
27
18.93
18.9
13.5
98.27
Volleyball
Total Number of
Days Available
3.24
Ellensburg School District
Sequence Content Within Grades
Skill Breakdown by Sport
k
1
2
3
4
5
x
x
*
x
*
6
7
8
9
Basketball
dribbling
passing
shooting
x
*
defense
x
x
x
*
offense
x
x
x
*
rebounding
*
x = introduction to concept and skills
* = mastery of skills
DAY/M ONTH
6
GRADE
7
8
9
ABOUT AUG/SEPT
1
Soccer
Fitness Plan
Tennis
Flag Football
2
Soccer
Softball
Tennis
Flag Football
3
Soccer
Softball
Tennis
Flag Football
4
Soccer
Weight Lift
Fitness Plan
Flag Football
5
Fitness Plan
Softball
Cycling and Wheel
Flag Football
6
Walking/Jogging
Softball
Cycling and Wheel
Flag Football
7
Soccer
Aerobic
Cycling and Wheel
Flag Football
8
Soccer
Ultimate Frisbee
Cycling and Wheel
Flag Football
9
Soccer
Ultimate Frisbee
Walking/Jogging
Flag Football
10
Aerobic
Soccer
Golf
Flag Football
11
Soccer
Weight Lift
Golf
Soccer
12
Softball
Soccer
Golf
Soccer
13
Softball
Soccer
Aerobic
Soccer
14
Softball
Walking/Jogging
Ultimate Frisbee
Soccer
15
Weight Lift
Soccer
Ultimate Frisbee
Volleyball
16
Softball
Soccer
Weight Lift
Volleyball
17
Softball
Soccer
LaCrosse
Volleyball
18
Softball
Fitness Plan
LaCrosse
Volleyball
19
Walking/Jogging
Cricket
Fitness Plan
Volleyball
20
Softball
Cricket
Softball
Volleyball
ABOUT OCT
21
Softball
Aerobic 1
Softball
O rienteering
22
Aerobic 2
Lacrosse
Softball
O rienteering
23
Flag Football
Lacrosse
Softball
O rienteering
24
Flag Football
Lacrosse
Walking/Jogging
O rienteering
25
Flag Football
Tennis
Softball
O rienteering
26
Lacrosse
Tennis
Softball
O rienteering
27
Lacrosse
Tennis
Dance
O rienteering
28
Aerobic
Fitness Plan
Soccer
O rienteering
29
Cricket
Golf
Soccer
Aerobic
30
Cricket
Golf
Soccer
Aerobic
31
Cricket
Golf
Weight Lift
Aerobic
Design Instructional Unit Plans
http://www.naspeforum.org
Schedule Completed
Curriculum into School
Curriculum
"Intelligence and skill can only
function at the peak of their
capacity when the body is
healthy and
strong"
- John F. Kennedy
Questions, Comments, & Discussion